Proverbs 21 in the early church

80 passages quote, allude to, or echo Proverbs 21, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 6 · 8 · 9 · 11 · 13 · 14 · 16 · 19 · 20 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 30 · 31

Proverbs 21:1

The king’s heart is a waterway in the hand of the LORD; He directs it where He pleases.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:1Acts of John 7 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 150–200
Prov 21:1Sentences of Sextus 419 · Anonymousecho, low confidence2nd-early 3rd cent.
Prov 21:1Sentence 419 (Greek) · Anonymousecho, medium confidence2nd-early 3rd cent.
Prov 21:1A Plea for the Christians 18 · Athenagorasquotation, high confidenceca. 176–180
Prov 21:1Against Heresies 5.24.1 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Prov 21:1On Prayer 5 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 198–206
Prov 21:1Commentary on Daniel 2.32 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 202-204
Prov 21:1Commentary on Daniel 2.33 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 202-204
Prov 21:1Against Marcion 4.26 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Prov 21:1On Flight in Persecution 12 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 208–213
Prov 21:1To Quirinus 3.80 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Prov 21:1Passion of Montanus and Lucius 3 · Anonymousallusion, high confidence259
Prov 21:1Passion of Montanus and Lucius 12 · Anonymousallusion, high confidence259
Prov 21:1Passion of Montanus and Lucius 20 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence259
Prov 21:1Letter 229 · Basil of Caesareaecho, medium confidenceca. 357–378
Prov 21:1Homilies on the Psalms 32.9 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-378
Prov 21:1Oration 36.11 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Prov 21:1On the Destruction of Jerusalem 5.4 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 370
Prov 21:1Second Apology of David 10 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 384-397
Prov 21:1Exposition of Psalm 118 14.30.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Prov 21:1Letter 105.12 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
Prov 21:1On Fleeing the World 35 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-391
Prov 21:1The Harmony of the Gospels 3.48 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 399–400
Prov 21:1Commentary on Jeremiah 1.74 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 414-419
Prov 21:1Commentary on Jeremiah 3.81 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 414-419
Prov 21:1On the Grace of Christ and On Original Sin 1.24 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence418
Prov 21:1On the Grace of Christ and On Original Sin 1.25 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidence418
Prov 21:1On Grace and Free Will 21 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 426
Prov 21:1Celestine, ACO I.2, letter 10.1 · Celestine I, bishop of Romeallusion, high confidence430-432
Prov 21:1Celestine, ACO I.2, letter 26.3 · Celestine I, bishop of Romeallusion, high confidence430-432

Proverbs 21:2

All a man’s ways seem right to him, but the LORD weighs the heart.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:2On the Predestination of the Saints 20 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 428/429
Prov 21:2Chapter 9 · Prosper of Aquitainequotation, high confidenceca. 432-433
Prov 21:2Book 1, chapter 24 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 440-450

Proverbs 21:3

To do righteousness and justice is more desirable to the LORD than sacrifice.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:3Fragments on Proverbs, column 213 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 21:3On Saint Athanasius 1.28 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361
Prov 21:3Letter to Valerian, paragraph 25 · Eucherius of Lyonecho, medium confidenceca. 432

Proverbs 21:6

Making a fortune by a lying tongue is a vanishing mist, a deadly pursuit.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:6Epistle of Barnabas 19.8 · Anonymousecho, low confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Prov 21:6Apostolic Church Order 6 · Anonymousallusion, low confidenceca. 300
Prov 21:6Homilies on the Psalms 33.9 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-378
Prov 21:6Apology against Rufinus 3.43 · Jeromequotation, medium confidenceca. 401–402

Proverbs 21:8

The way of a guilty man is crooked, but the conduct of the innocent is upright.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:8Fragment 16 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, low confidencelate 2nd–early 3rd century
Prov 21:8Fragments on Proverbs, column 213 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254

Proverbs 21:9

Better to live on a corner of the roof than to share a house with a quarrelsome wife.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:9Fragments on Proverbs, column 213 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 21:9Apostolic Constitutions 1.8.9 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Prov 21:9Against Jovinianus 1.28 · Jeromequotation, high confidence393

Proverbs 21:11

When a mocker is punished, the simple gain wisdom; and when a wise man is instructed, he acquires knowledge.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:11Miscellanies 1.20.100 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 198–203
Prov 21:11On the Singleness of Clerics 2 · Anonymousquotation, medium confidence3rd cent. (disputed)

Proverbs 21:13

Whoever shuts his ears to the cry of the poor, he too shall cry out and receive no answer.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:13Sentences of Sextus 217 · Anonymousallusion, high confidence2nd-early 3rd cent.
Prov 21:13Sentences of Sextus 378 · Anonymousecho, medium confidence2nd-early 3rd cent.
Prov 21:13Sentence 217 (Greek) · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence2nd-early 3rd cent.
Prov 21:13To Quirinus 3.1 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Prov 21:13On Works and Almsgiving 5 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 253
Prov 21:13Apostolic Constitutions 3.4.9 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Prov 21:13Apostolic Constitutions 7.12.7 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Prov 21:13Sermon 42 · Peter Chrysologusquotation, high confidenceca. 425-450
Prov 21:13The Conferences 11.10 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Proverbs 21:14

A gift in secret soothes anger, and a covert bribe pacifies great wrath.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:14Fragments on Proverbs, column 215 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254

Proverbs 21:16

The man who strays from the path of understanding will rest in the assembly of the dead.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:16Fragments on Proverbs, column 215 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254

Proverbs 21:19

Better to live in the desert than with a contentious and ill-tempered wife.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:19Didascalia 1.10 · Anonymousquotation, high confidencefirst half of the third century
Prov 21:19Fragments on Proverbs, column 215 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 21:19Apostolic Constitutions 1.10.2 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Prov 21:19Against Jovinianus 1.28 · Jeromequotation, high confidence393

Proverbs 21:20

Precious treasures and oil are in the dwelling of the wise, but a foolish man consumes them.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:20Fragments on Proverbs, column 215 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 21:20Sermon 149.4 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 21:20Against Faustus the Manichaean 6.7 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 398–400

Proverbs 21:22

A wise man scales the city of the mighty and pulls down the stronghold in which they trust.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:22Fragments on Proverbs, column 215 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 21:22Homilies on Joshua 18.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Prov 21:22Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 35 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)

Proverbs 21:23

He who guards his mouth and tongue keeps his soul from distress.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:23Fragments on Proverbs, column 215 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254

Proverbs 21:24

Mocker is the name of the proud and arrogant man—of him who acts with excessive pride.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:24Fragments on Proverbs, column 215 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 21:24On Saint Athanasius 1.28 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361

Proverbs 21:25

The craving of the slacker kills him because his hands refuse to work.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:25The Conferences 24.2 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429
Prov 21:25Part 2, chapter 8 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, medium confidenceca. 445-450

Proverbs 21:26

All day long he covets more, but the righteous give without restraint.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:26Miscellanies 2.19.102 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, medium confidenceca. 198–203
Prov 21:26Fragments on Proverbs, column 215 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254

Proverbs 21:27

The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable—how much more so when brought with ill intent!

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:27Apostolic Constitutions 6.22.4 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Prov 21:27Against the Letter of Parmenian 2.11 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, medium confidenceca. 400

Proverbs 21:30

There is no wisdom, no understanding, no counsel that can prevail against the LORD.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:30The Conferences 7.18 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Proverbs 21:31

A horse is prepared for the day of battle, but victory is of the LORD.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 21:31Fragments on Proverbs, column 217 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 21:31The Conferences 3.15 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429