Proverbs 31 in the early church
122 passages quote, allude to, or echo Proverbs 31, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31
Proverbs 31:1
These are the words of King Lemuel—the burden that his mother taught him:
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:1 | Oration III Against the Arians 2 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, low confidence | ca. 339–346 |
Proverbs 31:3
Do not spend your strength on women or your vigor on those who ruin kings.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:3 | Letter 341 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–390 |
Proverbs 31:4
It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine, or for rulers to crave strong drink,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:4 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 231 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Prov 31:4 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 4.7 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Prov 31:4 | Preparation for the Gospel 12.25.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Prov 31:4–5 | Apostolic Constitutions 8.44.2 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Prov 31:4 | On Elijah and Fasting 28 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Prov 31:4 | The Conferences 2.4 · John Cassian | quotation, low confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| Prov 31:4 | Canon 8 · Anonymous | quotation, medium confidence | 431 |
Proverbs 31:5
lest they drink and forget what is decreed, depriving all the oppressed of justice.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:5 | Preparation for the Gospel 12.25.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Prov 31:5 | On Elijah and Fasting 28 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
Proverbs 31:6
Give strong drink to one who is perishing, and wine to the bitter in soul.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:6 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 231 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Prov 31:6 | Homilies 5.9 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Prov 31:6 | Commentary on Jeremiah 3.61 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Prov 31:6 | The Conferences 14.17 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Proverbs 31:7
Let him drink and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:7 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 231 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Prov 31:7 | The Conferences 14.17 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Proverbs 31:8
Open your mouth for those with no voice, for the cause of all the dispossessed.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:8 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 243 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Prov 31:8 | PG 12:1633 (Ps 124–125 LXX) · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Prov 31:8 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 5.1 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Prov 31:8 | Cib. 4 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, low confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Prov 31:8–9 | On Saint Athanasius 1.29 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| Prov 31:8 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.65.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Prov 31:8 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.65.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Proverbs 31:9
Open your mouth, judge righteously, and defend the cause of the poor and needy.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:9 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 231 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
Proverbs 31:10
A wife of noble character, who can find? She is far more precious than rubies.
Proverbs 31:11
The heart of her husband trusts in her, and he lacks nothing of value.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:11 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 247 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Prov 31:11 | Letter 69.5 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Prov 31:11 | Sermon 37.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:11 | Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Proverbs 31:12
She brings him good and not harm all the days of her life.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:12–14 | Sermon 37.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:12 | Letters 13.5 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Prov 31:12 | Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Proverbs 31:13
She selects wool and flax and works with eager hands.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:13 | On the Dress of Women 2.13 · Tertullian | echo, low confidence | ca. 197–206 |
| Prov 31:13 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 247 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
Proverbs 31:14
She is like the merchant ships, bringing her food from afar.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:14 | Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Proverbs 31:15
She rises while it is still night to provide food for her household and portions for her maidservants.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:15 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 247 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Prov 31:15 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 249 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Prov 31:15 | Oration 8.9 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Prov 31:15–16 | Apostolic Constitutions 1.8.5 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Prov 31:15 | Sermon 37.7 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Proverbs 31:16
She appraises a field and buys it; from her earnings she plants a vineyard.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:16 | Oration 8.9 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Prov 31:16 | Sermon 37.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:16 | Sermon 37.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Proverbs 31:17
She girds herself with strength and shows that her arms are strong.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:17–19 | Apostolic Constitutions 1.8.6 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Prov 31:17–18 | Sermon 37.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:17 | Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Proverbs 31:18
She sees that her gain is good, and her lamp is not extinguished at night.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:18 | Sermon 37.11 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:18 | Letters 13.5 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Proverbs 31:19
She stretches out her hands to the distaff and grasps the spindle with her fingers.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:19 | The Instructor 3.10.49 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Prov 31:19 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 249 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Prov 31:19 | Oration 8.9 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Prov 31:19 | Letter 107.10 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Prov 31:19 | Sermon 37.12 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:19 | Sermon 37.13 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:19 | Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Proverbs 31:20
She opens her arms to the poor and reaches out her hands to the needy.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:20 | The Instructor 3.10.49 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Prov 31:20 | Apostolic Constitutions 1.8.7 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Prov 31:20 | Exposition of Psalm 118 14.34.2 · Ambrose | echo, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Prov 31:20 | Sermon 37.14 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:20 | Letters 13.5 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Prov 31:20 | Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Proverbs 31:21
When it snows, she has no fear for her household, for they are all clothed in scarlet.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:21 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 249 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Prov 31:21 | Oration 8.9 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Prov 31:21–22 | Apostolic Constitutions 1.8.8 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Prov 31:21 | Sermon 37.15 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:21 | Sermon 37.16 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:21 | Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Prov 31:21 | The Conferences 14.8 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Proverbs 31:22
She makes coverings for her bed; her clothing is fine linen and purple.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:22 | Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Prov 31:22 | On the Christian Faith 2.0 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 378–380 |
| Prov 31:22 | On Tobit 77 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| Prov 31:22 | On Joseph 76 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Prov 31:22 | Sermon 37.17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:22 | Sermon 37.18 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:22 | Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Proverbs 31:23
Her husband is known at the city gates, where he sits among the elders of the land.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:23–31 | Apostolic Constitutions 1.8.9 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Prov 31:23 | Sermon 37.19 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:23 | Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Proverbs 31:24
She makes linen garments and sells them; she delivers sashes to the merchants.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:24 | Sermon 37.20 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:24 | Sermon 37.21 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:24 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 7 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, low confidence | ca. 420-430 |
Proverbs 31:25
Strength and honor are her clothing, and she can laugh at the days to come.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:25 | Sermon 37.22 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:25 | Sermon 37.27 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:25 | Letters 13.5 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Prov 31:25 | The Institutes 10.21 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 419–426 |
Proverbs 31:26
She opens her mouth with wisdom, and faithful instruction is on her tongue.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:26 | The Instructor 3.11.67 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Prov 31:26 | Sermon 37.25 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:26 | Letters 13.5 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Prov 31:26 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 7.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Prov 31:26 | Against Two Letters of the Pelagians 4.11 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420–421 |
Proverbs 31:27
She watches over the affairs of her household and does not eat the bread of idleness.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:27 | The Instructor 3.11.67 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Prov 31:27 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 215 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Prov 31:27 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 249 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Prov 31:27 | Oration 18.8 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Prov 31:27 | Sermon 37.26 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:27 | Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Prov 31:27 | On Faith and Works 49 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 413 |
Proverbs 31:28
Her children rise up and call her blessed; her husband praises her as well:
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:28 | The Instructor 3.11.67 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Prov 31:28 | Sermon 37.27 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:28 | Sermon 37.28 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Proverbs 31:29
“Many daughters have done noble things, but you surpass them all!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:29 | Sermon 37.29 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:29 | Sermon 37.30 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Proverbs 31:30
Charm is deceptive and beauty is fleeting, but a woman who fears the LORD is to be praised.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:30 | The Instructor 3.11.67 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Prov 31:30 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 249 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Prov 31:30–31 | Sermon 37.31 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Proverbs 31:31
Give her the fruit of her hands, and let her works praise her at the gates.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prov 31:31 | Sermon 37.32 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Prov 31:31 | Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |