Proverbs 31 in the early church

122 passages quote, allude to, or echo Proverbs 31, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31

Proverbs 31:1

These are the words of King Lemuel—the burden that his mother taught him:

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:1Oration III Against the Arians 2 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, low confidenceca. 339–346

Proverbs 31:3

Do not spend your strength on women or your vigor on those who ruin kings.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:3Letter 341 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 360–390

Proverbs 31:4

It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine, or for rulers to crave strong drink,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:4Fragments on Proverbs, column 231 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:4Homilies on Psalms 36-38 4.7 · Origenquotation, medium confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Prov 31:4Preparation for the Gospel 12.25.2 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, medium confidenceca. 313–324
Prov 31:4–5Apostolic Constitutions 8.44.2 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Prov 31:4On Elijah and Fasting 28 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
Prov 31:4The Conferences 2.4 · John Cassianquotation, low confidenceca. 426–429
Prov 31:4Canon 8 · Anonymousquotation, medium confidence431

Proverbs 31:5

lest they drink and forget what is decreed, depriving all the oppressed of justice.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:5Preparation for the Gospel 12.25.2 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, medium confidenceca. 313–324
Prov 31:5On Elijah and Fasting 28 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390

Proverbs 31:6

Give strong drink to one who is perishing, and wine to the bitter in soul.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:6Fragments on Proverbs, column 231 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:6Homilies 5.9 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 363-378
Prov 31:6Commentary on Jeremiah 3.61 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 414-419
Prov 31:6The Conferences 14.17 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Proverbs 31:7

Let him drink and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:7Fragments on Proverbs, column 231 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:7The Conferences 14.17 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Proverbs 31:8

Open your mouth for those with no voice, for the cause of all the dispossessed.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:8Fragments on Proverbs, column 243 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:8PG 12:1633 (Ps 124–125 LXX) · Origenquotation, medium confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:8Homilies on Psalms 36-38 5.1 · Origenquotation, medium confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Prov 31:8Cib. 4 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, low confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Prov 31:8–9On Saint Athanasius 1.29 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361
Prov 31:8Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.65.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Prov 31:8Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.65.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397

Proverbs 31:9

Open your mouth, judge righteously, and defend the cause of the poor and needy.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:9Fragments on Proverbs, column 231 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254

Proverbs 31:10

A wife of noble character, who can find? She is far more precious than rubies.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:10Fragments on Proverbs, column 247 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:10Fragments on Proverbs, column 249 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:10PG 12:1639 (Ps 127–128 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:10Tractates on the Psalms 127.9 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Prov 31:10Oration 18.7 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Prov 31:10Letter 30.3 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Prov 31:10Letter 69.5 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Prov 31:10Ancoratus 101.6 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374
Prov 31:10–14Apostolic Constitutions 1.8.4 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Prov 31:10–31Homily 1 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 390–394
Prov 31:10–31Sermon 37.1 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:10Sermon 37.2 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:10Sermon 37.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:10Poem 25, lines 32–64 · Paulinus of Nolaecho, medium confidenceca. 393–431
Prov 31:10Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413

Proverbs 31:11

The heart of her husband trusts in her, and he lacks nothing of value.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:11Fragments on Proverbs, column 247 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:11Letter 69.5 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Prov 31:11Sermon 37.4 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:11Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nolaquotation, high confidenceca. 394–413

Proverbs 31:12

She brings him good and not harm all the days of her life.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:12–14Sermon 37.5 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:12Letters 13.5 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413
Prov 31:12Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nolaquotation, high confidenceca. 394–413

Proverbs 31:13

She selects wool and flax and works with eager hands.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:13On the Dress of Women 2.13 · Tertullianecho, low confidenceca. 197–206
Prov 31:13Fragments on Proverbs, column 247 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254

Proverbs 31:14

She is like the merchant ships, bringing her food from afar.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:14Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413

Proverbs 31:15

She rises while it is still night to provide food for her household and portions for her maidservants.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:15Fragments on Proverbs, column 247 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:15Fragments on Proverbs, column 249 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:15Oration 8.9 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Prov 31:15–16Apostolic Constitutions 1.8.5 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Prov 31:15Sermon 37.7 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Proverbs 31:16

She appraises a field and buys it; from her earnings she plants a vineyard.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:16Oration 8.9 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Prov 31:16Sermon 37.8 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:16Sermon 37.9 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Proverbs 31:17

She girds herself with strength and shows that her arms are strong.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:17–19Apostolic Constitutions 1.8.6 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Prov 31:17–18Sermon 37.10 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:17Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413

Proverbs 31:18

She sees that her gain is good, and her lamp is not extinguished at night.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:18Sermon 37.11 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:18Letters 13.5 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413

Proverbs 31:19

She stretches out her hands to the distaff and grasps the spindle with her fingers.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:19The Instructor 3.10.49 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 190–200
Prov 31:19Fragments on Proverbs, column 249 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:19Oration 8.9 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Prov 31:19Letter 107.10 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Prov 31:19Sermon 37.12 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:19Sermon 37.13 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:19Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, medium confidenceca. 394–413

Proverbs 31:20

She opens her arms to the poor and reaches out her hands to the needy.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:20The Instructor 3.10.49 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 190–200
Prov 31:20Apostolic Constitutions 1.8.7 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Prov 31:20Exposition of Psalm 118 14.34.2 · Ambroseecho, medium confidenceca. 386-397
Prov 31:20Sermon 37.14 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:20Letters 13.5 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413
Prov 31:20Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413

Proverbs 31:21

When it snows, she has no fear for her household, for they are all clothed in scarlet.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:21Fragments on Proverbs, column 249 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:21Oration 8.9 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Prov 31:21–22Apostolic Constitutions 1.8.8 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Prov 31:21Sermon 37.15 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:21Sermon 37.16 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:21Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nolaquotation, high confidenceca. 394–413
Prov 31:21The Conferences 14.8 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Proverbs 31:22

She makes coverings for her bed; her clothing is fine linen and purple.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:22Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Prov 31:22On the Christian Faith 2.0 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 378–380
Prov 31:22On Tobit 77 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 380-390
Prov 31:22On Joseph 76 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-390
Prov 31:22Sermon 37.17 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:22Sermon 37.18 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:22Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413

Proverbs 31:23

Her husband is known at the city gates, where he sits among the elders of the land.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:23–31Apostolic Constitutions 1.8.9 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Prov 31:23Sermon 37.19 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:23Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413

Proverbs 31:24

She makes linen garments and sells them; she delivers sashes to the merchants.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:24Sermon 37.20 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:24Sermon 37.21 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:24Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 7 · Eucherius of Lyonquotation, low confidenceca. 420-430

Proverbs 31:25

Strength and honor are her clothing, and she can laugh at the days to come.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:25Sermon 37.22 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:25Sermon 37.27 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:25Letters 13.5 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, medium confidenceca. 394–413
Prov 31:25The Institutes 10.21 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 419–426

Proverbs 31:26

She opens her mouth with wisdom, and faithful instruction is on her tongue.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:26The Instructor 3.11.67 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 190–200
Prov 31:26Sermon 37.25 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:26Letters 13.5 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413
Prov 31:26Tractates on the Gospel of John 7.10 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, medium confidenceca. 406–420
Prov 31:26Against Two Letters of the Pelagians 4.11 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 420–421

Proverbs 31:27

She watches over the affairs of her household and does not eat the bread of idleness.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:27The Instructor 3.11.67 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 190–200
Prov 31:27Fragments on Proverbs, column 215 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:27Fragments on Proverbs, column 249 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:27Oration 18.8 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Prov 31:27Sermon 37.26 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:27Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413
Prov 31:27On Faith and Works 49 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, medium confidenceca. 413

Proverbs 31:28

Her children rise up and call her blessed; her husband praises her as well:

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:28The Instructor 3.11.67 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 190–200
Prov 31:28Sermon 37.27 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:28Sermon 37.28 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Proverbs 31:29

“Many daughters have done noble things, but you surpass them all!”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:29Sermon 37.29 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:29Sermon 37.30 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Proverbs 31:30

Charm is deceptive and beauty is fleeting, but a woman who fears the LORD is to be praised.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:30The Instructor 3.11.67 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 190–200
Prov 31:30Fragments on Proverbs, column 249 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Prov 31:30–31Sermon 37.31 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Proverbs 31:31

Give her the fruit of her hands, and let her works praise her at the gates.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Prov 31:31Sermon 37.32 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Prov 31:31Letters 44.4 · Paulinus of Nolaquotation, high confidenceca. 394–413