Psalms 23 in the early church
152 passages quote, allude to, or echo Psalms 23, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Press Enter to listen from here. Left and right arrows move by word.
Psalms 23:1
A Psalm of David. The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ps 23:1–2 (22:1-2 LXX) | Lines 1–4 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 160–220 |
| Ps 23:1 (22:1 LXX) | The Instructor 1.4.11 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Ps 23:1 (22:1 LXX) | PG 12:1259 (Ps 21–22 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ps 23:1 (22:1 LXX) | Commentary on John 13.211 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Ps 23:1 (22:1 LXX) | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.138 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Ps 23:1 (22:1 LXX) | Letter to Marcellinus 17 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | uncertain, after 335 |
| Ps 23:1–3 (22:1-Ps LXX) | Catechetical Lecture 1.7 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Ps 23:1 (22:1 LXX) | Homilies on the Psalms 48.9 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| Ps 23:1 (22:1 LXX) | Homilies 23.2 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Ps 23:1 (22:1 LXX) | Letter 78.25 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ps 23:1–6 (22:1-Ps LXX) | Psalm 22 · Apollinaris of Laodicea | quotation, high confidence | uncertain (fourth to sixth century) |
| Ps 23:1 (22:1 Vulg.) | Apology of the Prophet David 59 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 384-390 |
| Ps 23:1 (22:1 LXX) | On Joseph 41 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Ps 23:1 (22:1 LXX) | On the Mysteries 8 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387–391 |
| Ps 23:1 (22:1 LXX) | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.61.4 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Ps 23:1–6 (22:1-Ps Vulg.) | Sermon 366.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ps 23:1 (22:1 Vulg.) | Sermon 366.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ps 23:1–2 (22:1-Ps Vulg.) | Sermon 6 · Peter Chrysologus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Psalms 23:2
He makes me lie down in green pastures; He leads me beside quiet waters.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Acts of Thomas 24 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 200–250 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Commentary on the Song of Songs, Armenian fragment (Song 1:5-5:1) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | PG 12:1261 (Ps 22 LXX) · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | PG 12:1571 (Ps 114–115 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Commentary on John 13.212 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Homilies on Exodus 9.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 1.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.137 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.138 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 137 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Homilies on the Psalms 28.2 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 Vulg.) | Tractates on the Psalms 54.18 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Oration 1.7 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Oration 6.9 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Oration 18.2 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Letter 78.25 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Life of Macrina, part 8 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Theological Oration 4 (Or. 30), On the Son 21 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | 380 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | On the Beatitudes 1211 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380–394 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 Vulg.) | Apology of the Prophet David 59 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 384-390 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Exposition of Psalm 118 5.15.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Exposition of Psalm 118 14.2.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | On the Mysteries 8 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387–391 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 44 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.61.4 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.17.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 LXX) | Homily 2 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 Vulg.) | Sermon 366.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 Vulg.) | Letters 19.4 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 Vulg.) | Letters 28.2 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Ps 23:2 (22:2 Vulg.) | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 3 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
| Ps 23:2–3 (22:2-Ps Vulg.) | Part 2, chapter 23 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Psalms 23:3
He restores my soul; He guides me in the paths of righteousness for the sake of His name.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ps 23:3 (22:3 LXX) | PG 12:1259 (Ps 21–22 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ps 23:3 (22:3 LXX) | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.138 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Ps 23:3 (22:3 Vulg.) | Sermon 177.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ps 23:3 (22:3 Vulg.) | Sermon 366.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Psalms 23:4
Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for You are with me; Your rod and Your staff, they comfort me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Dialogue with Trypho 86.5 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | The Instructor 1.7.61 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Against Heresies 5.31.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | PG 12:1259 (Ps 21–22 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | PG 12:1261 (Ps 22 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.138 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Homilies on the Psalms 44.4 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Letter 25 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360–390 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Oration 17.2 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Oration 18.21 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Tractates 2.13.3 · Zeno of Verona | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362-380 |
| Ps 23:4–5 (22:4-Ps LXX) | Tractates 2.14.4 · Zeno of Verona | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362-380 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Homilies 18.4 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Letter 78.25 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Letter 78.38 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Letter 38.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Homilies on Matthew 54.5 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | On the Mysteries 8 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387–391 |
| Ps 23:4–6 (22:4-Ps LXX) | Homily 12 · Gregory of Nyssa | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 Vulg.) | Sermon 366.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ps 23:4–5 (22:4-Ps Vulg.) | Sermon 366.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Homily 14.4 on 1 Timothy · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 392-397 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 Vulg.) | Poem 16, lines 127–157 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 Vulg.) | Letters 5.17 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 Vulg.) | Letters 20.7 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 Vulg.) | Letters 42.2 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 Vulg.) | Confessions 6.9 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, low confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Commentary on Jeremiah 1.7 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 Vulg.) | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 1 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) | Celestine, ACO I.2, letter 25.5 · Celestine I, bishop of Rome | allusion, high confidence | 430-432 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 Vulg.) | Chapter 15 · Prosper of Aquitaine | quotation, high confidence | ca. 432-433 |
| Ps 23:4 (22:4 Vulg.) | Part 2, chapter 10 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Psalms 23:5
You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies. You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Against Heresies 5.33.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, low confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | PG 12:1261 (Ps 22 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | PG 12:1263 (Ps 22 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | PG 12:1315 (Ps 35 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Homilies on Leviticus 7.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 1.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Homilies on Jeremiah 12.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Homilies on Jeremiah 12.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.138 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.185 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Homily on the Song of Songs 1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–250 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 85 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 92 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Commentary on Matthew 16.7 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | Letter 63.11 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 249/250–258 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Demonstration of the Gospel 1.10.28 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Catechetical Lecture 22.7 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Oration 5.35 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | On the Destruction of Jerusalem 5.9 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Letter 44.2 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Letter 106.13 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Letter 120.2 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | On Cain and Abel 2.22 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | On Noah 111 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 378-384 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | On Noah 118 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 378-384 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | On the Complaints of Job and David 4.32 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | Apology of the Prophet David 59 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 384-390 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Exposition of Psalm 118 11.14.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Exposition of Psalm 118 13.24.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Exposition of Psalm 118 15.28.3 · Ambrose | echo, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Exposition of Psalm 118 21.4.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | Letter 158.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Ps 23:5 | Homilies on Matthew 20.1 · John Chrysostom | allusion, low confidence | ca. 390 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Homilies on Matthew 70.4 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | On Elijah and Fasting 33 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | On Elijah and Fasting 34 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | On Elijah and Fasting 36 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | On Joseph 60 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | On the Mysteries 8 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387–391 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.33.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 35.19.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.19.4 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 40.5.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | Letters 3.5 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | Letters 5.7 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | Letters 23.33 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | Letters 28.2 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | Letters 41.2 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | Confessions 13.29 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | Tractates 9 · Gaudentius of Brescia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 397-410 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | City of God 16.41 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | Commentary on Jeremiah 6.17 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 Vulg.) | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 7 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Sermon 137 · Peter Chrysologus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Ps 23:5 (22:5 LXX) | Sermon 160 · Peter Chrysologus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Psalms 23:6
Surely goodness and mercy will follow me all the days of my life, and I will dwell in the house of the LORD forever.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ps 23:6 (22:6 LXX) | PG 12:1263 (Ps 22 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ps 23:6 (22:6 LXX) | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.138 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Ps 23:6 (22:6 LXX) | Letter 194.19 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Ps 23:6 (22:6 Vulg.) | Sermon 86.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ps 23:6 (22:6 Vulg.) | Sermon 366.7 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ps 23:6 (22:6 Vulg.) | Sermon 366.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ps 23:6 (22:6 Vulg.) | Letters 23.9 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Ps 23:6 (22:6 Vulg.) | Letters 51.4 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Ps 23:6 (22:6 LXX) | On Nature and Grace 35 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 415 |
| Ps 23:6 (22:6 LXX) | Against Two Letters of the Pelagians 2.21 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420–421 |
| Ps 23:6 (22:6 LXX) | Enchiridion (Handbook on Faith, Hope, and Love) 32 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 421–423 |