Ecclesiastes 2 in the early church
60 passages quote, allude to, or echo Ecclesiastes 2, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 22 · 24 · 25 · 26
Ecclesiastes 2:1
I said to myself, “Come now, I will test you with pleasure; enjoy what is good!” But it proved to be futile.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:1 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 2:1 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 1.94 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Eccl 2:1–16 | Fragment E III (on Ecclesiastes) · Dionysius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–265 |
| Eccl 2:1–3 | Homily 2 · Gregory of Nyssa | quotation, high confidence | ca. 379–394 |
Ecclesiastes 2:2
I said of laughter, “It is folly,” and of pleasure, “What does it accomplish?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:2 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
Ecclesiastes 2:4
I expanded my pursuits. I built houses and planted vineyards for myself.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:4 | PG 12:1183 (Ps 8 LXX) · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Eccl 2:4 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 2:4 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 1.94 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Eccl 2:4 | Oration 7.19 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Eccl 2:4–6 | Homily 3 · Gregory of Nyssa | quotation, high confidence | ca. 379–394 |
| Eccl 2:4–8 | Homily 15.2 on 1 Timothy · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 392-397 |
Ecclesiastes 2:5
I made gardens and parks for myself, where I planted all kinds of fruit trees.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:5 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 2:5 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 1.94 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
Ecclesiastes 2:6
I built reservoirs to water my groves of flourishing trees.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:6 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
Ecclesiastes 2:7
I acquired menservants and maidservants, and servants were born in my house. I also owned more herds and flocks than anyone in Jerusalem before me,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:7 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 2:7–11 | Homily 4 · Gregory of Nyssa | quotation, high confidence | ca. 379–394 |
Ecclesiastes 2:8
and I accumulated for myself silver and gold and the treasure of kings and provinces. I gathered to myself male and female singers, and the delights of the sons of men—many concubines.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:8 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 2:8 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 1.94 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Eccl 2:8 | Two Tractates and a Letter 3 · Potamius of Lisbon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350-360 |
| Eccl 2:8 | Oration 7.19 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
Ecclesiastes 2:9
So I became great and surpassed all in Jerusalem who had preceded me; and my wisdom remained with me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:9 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
Ecclesiastes 2:10
Anything my eyes desired, I did not deny myself. I refused my heart no pleasure. For my heart took delight in all my work, and this was the reward for all my labor.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:10 | On Ecclesiastes, fragment · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 200–235 |
| Eccl 2:10 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
Ecclesiastes 2:11
Yet when I considered all the works that my hands had accomplished and what I had toiled to achieve, I found everything to be futile, a pursuit of the wind; there was nothing to be gained under the sun.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:11 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 2:11 | City of God 19.19 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | 413–426 |
Ecclesiastes 2:12
Then I turned to consider wisdom and madness and folly; for what more can the king’s successor do than what has already been accomplished?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:12–26 | Homily 5 · Gregory of Nyssa | quotation, high confidence | ca. 379–394 |
Ecclesiastes 2:13
And I saw that wisdom exceeds folly, just as light exceeds darkness:
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:13 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 2:13 | Homilies on Matthew 83.3 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Eccl 2:13–14 | City of God 20.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
Ecclesiastes 2:14
The wise man has eyes in his head, but the fool walks in darkness. Yet I also came to realize that one fate overcomes them both.
Ecclesiastes 2:16
For there is no lasting remembrance of the wise, just as with the fool, seeing that both will be forgotten in the days to come. Alas, the wise man will die just like the fool!
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:16 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
Ecclesiastes 2:17
So I hated life, because the work that is done under the sun was grievous to me. For everything is futile and a pursuit of the wind.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:17 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
Ecclesiastes 2:18
I hated all for which I had toiled under the sun, because I must leave it to the man who comes after me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:18 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 2:18–19 | Life of Antony 17 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Eccl 2:18 | Homilies 7.6 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Eccl 2:18–19 | Letter to Valerian, paragraph 8 · Eucherius of Lyon | echo, medium confidence | ca. 432 |
Ecclesiastes 2:19
And who knows whether that man will be wise or foolish? Yet he will take over all the labor at which I have worked skillfully under the sun. This too is futile.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:19 | Homilies 7.6 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
Ecclesiastes 2:22
For what does a man get for all the toil and striving with which he labors under the sun?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:22–25 | Fragment E III (on Ecclesiastes) · Dionysius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–265 |
Ecclesiastes 2:24
Nothing is better for a man than to eat and drink and enjoy his work. I have also seen that this is from the hand of God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:24 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 2:24 | Book of Heresies 134.2 · Philastrius of Brescia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380s |
| Eccl 2:24–25 | Book 1, chapter 24 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 440-450 |
Ecclesiastes 2:25
For apart from Him, who can eat and who can find enjoyment?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:25 | Long recension, Hero 1 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| Eccl 2:25 | Apostolic Constitutions 4.5.2 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Eccl 2:25 | Apostolic Constitutions 7.20.2 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Ecclesiastes 2:26
To the man who is pleasing in His sight, He gives wisdom and knowledge and joy, but to the sinner He assigns the task of gathering and accumulating that which he will hand over to one who pleases God. This too is futile and a pursuit of the wind.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 2:26 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |