Ecclesiastes 2 in the early church

60 passages quote, allude to, or echo Ecclesiastes 2, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 22 · 24 · 25 · 26

Ecclesiastes 2:1

I said to myself, “Come now, I will test you with pleasure; enjoy what is good!” But it proved to be futile.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:1Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 2:1Commentary on the Song of Songs 1.94 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Eccl 2:1–16Fragment E III (on Ecclesiastes) · Dionysius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 248–265
Eccl 2:1–3Homily 2 · Gregory of Nyssaquotation, high confidenceca. 379–394

Ecclesiastes 2:2

I said of laughter, “It is folly,” and of pleasure, “What does it accomplish?”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:2Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century

Ecclesiastes 2:4

I expanded my pursuits. I built houses and planted vineyards for myself.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:4PG 12:1183 (Ps 8 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Eccl 2:4Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 2:4Commentary on the Song of Songs 1.94 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Eccl 2:4Oration 7.19 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Eccl 2:4–6Homily 3 · Gregory of Nyssaquotation, high confidenceca. 379–394
Eccl 2:4–8Homily 15.2 on 1 Timothy · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 392-397

Ecclesiastes 2:5

I made gardens and parks for myself, where I planted all kinds of fruit trees.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:5Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 2:5Commentary on the Song of Songs 1.94 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)

Ecclesiastes 2:6

I built reservoirs to water my groves of flourishing trees.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:6Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century

Ecclesiastes 2:7

I acquired menservants and maidservants, and servants were born in my house. I also owned more herds and flocks than anyone in Jerusalem before me,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:7Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 2:7–11Homily 4 · Gregory of Nyssaquotation, high confidenceca. 379–394

Ecclesiastes 2:8

and I accumulated for myself silver and gold and the treasure of kings and provinces. I gathered to myself male and female singers, and the delights of the sons of men—many concubines.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:8Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 2:8Commentary on the Song of Songs 1.94 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Eccl 2:8Two Tractates and a Letter 3 · Potamius of Lisbonquotation, high confidenceca. 350-360
Eccl 2:8Oration 7.19 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383

Ecclesiastes 2:9

So I became great and surpassed all in Jerusalem who had preceded me; and my wisdom remained with me.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:9Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century

Ecclesiastes 2:10

Anything my eyes desired, I did not deny myself. I refused my heart no pleasure. For my heart took delight in all my work, and this was the reward for all my labor.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:10On Ecclesiastes, fragment · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, high confidenceca. 200–235
Eccl 2:10Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century

Ecclesiastes 2:11

Yet when I considered all the works that my hands had accomplished and what I had toiled to achieve, I found everything to be futile, a pursuit of the wind; there was nothing to be gained under the sun.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:11Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 2:11City of God 19.19 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidence413–426

Ecclesiastes 2:12

Then I turned to consider wisdom and madness and folly; for what more can the king’s successor do than what has already been accomplished?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:12–26Homily 5 · Gregory of Nyssaquotation, high confidenceca. 379–394

Ecclesiastes 2:13

And I saw that wisdom exceeds folly, just as light exceeds darkness:

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:13Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 2:13Homilies on Matthew 83.3 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Eccl 2:13–14City of God 20.3 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence413–426

Ecclesiastes 2:14

The wise man has eyes in his head, but the fool walks in darkness. Yet I also came to realize that one fate overcomes them both.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:14Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 2:14Commentary on the Song of Songs 0.65 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Eccl 2:14Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 132 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Eccl 2:14Homilies on the Psalms 33.13 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-378
Eccl 2:14On Noah 17 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 378-384
Eccl 2:14On the Complaints of Job and David 4.28 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 383-390
Eccl 2:14Exposition of Psalm 118 15.12.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Eccl 2:14Exposition of Psalm 118 16.24.1 · Ambrosequotation, medium confidenceca. 386-397
Eccl 2:14Exposition of Psalm 118 20.1.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Eccl 2:14On Elijah and Fasting 36 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-390
Eccl 2:14Hexameron (Exameron) 6.55 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-390
Eccl 2:14On the Mysteries 6 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387–391
Eccl 2:14Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.28.7 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Eccl 2:14Explanation of Twelve Psalms 35.26.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Eccl 2:14Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.29.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Eccl 2:14Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.61.4 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397

Ecclesiastes 2:16

For there is no lasting remembrance of the wise, just as with the fool, seeing that both will be forgotten in the days to come. Alas, the wise man will die just like the fool!

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:16Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century

Ecclesiastes 2:17

So I hated life, because the work that is done under the sun was grievous to me. For everything is futile and a pursuit of the wind.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:17Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century

Ecclesiastes 2:18

I hated all for which I had toiled under the sun, because I must leave it to the man who comes after me.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:18Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 2:18–19Life of Antony 17 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 357–360
Eccl 2:18Homilies 7.6 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 363-378
Eccl 2:18–19Letter to Valerian, paragraph 8 · Eucherius of Lyonecho, medium confidenceca. 432

Ecclesiastes 2:19

And who knows whether that man will be wise or foolish? Yet he will take over all the labor at which I have worked skillfully under the sun. This too is futile.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:19Homilies 7.6 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 363-378

Ecclesiastes 2:22

For what does a man get for all the toil and striving with which he labors under the sun?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:22–25Fragment E III (on Ecclesiastes) · Dionysius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 248–265

Ecclesiastes 2:24

Nothing is better for a man than to eat and drink and enjoy his work. I have also seen that this is from the hand of God.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:24Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 2:24Book of Heresies 134.2 · Philastrius of Bresciaallusion, high confidenceca. 380s
Eccl 2:24–25Book 1, chapter 24 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 440-450

Ecclesiastes 2:25

For apart from Him, who can eat and who can find enjoyment?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:25Long recension, Hero 1 · Anonymousquotation, high confidencelater 4th century (probable)
Eccl 2:25Apostolic Constitutions 4.5.2 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Eccl 2:25Apostolic Constitutions 7.20.2 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380

Ecclesiastes 2:26

To the man who is pleasing in His sight, He gives wisdom and knowledge and joy, but to the sinner He assigns the task of gathering and accumulating that which he will hand over to one who pleases God. This too is futile and a pursuit of the wind.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 2:26Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 2 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century