Genesis 31 in the early church
103 passages quote, allude to, or echo Genesis 31, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 5 · 7 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 23 · 24 · 27 · 29 · 30 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 38 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55
Genesis 31:1
Now Jacob heard that Laban’s sons were saying, “Jacob has taken away all that belonged to our father and built all this wealth at our father’s expense.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:1 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.20 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 31:1 | Homilies on Matthew 40.2 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Gen 31:1 | On Fleeing the World 26 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-391 |
| Gen 31:1–21 | Genesis, lines 973–997 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
Genesis 31:2
And Jacob saw from the countenance of Laban that his attitude toward him had changed.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:2 | Defence before Constantius 12 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 353–357 |
Genesis 31:3
Then the LORD said to Jacob, “Go back to the land of your fathers and to your kindred, and I will be with you.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:3 | Fragments on Genesis, column 125 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 31:3 | Prophetic Extracts 1.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Gen 31:3 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.20 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 31:3 | On Fleeing the World 26 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-391 |
Genesis 31:5
and he told them, “I can see from your father’s countenance that his attitude toward me has changed; but the God of my father has been with me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:5 | Life of Antony 67 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
Genesis 31:7
And although he has cheated me and changed my wages ten times, God has not allowed him to harm me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:7 | Fragments on Genesis, column 125 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 31:7 | Oration III Against the Arians 12 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 339–346 |
Genesis 31:10
When the flocks were breeding, I saw in a dream that the streaked, spotted, and speckled males were mating with the females.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:10 | Dialogue with Trypho 58.4 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Gen 31:10–13 | Letter to Africanus 12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 |
Genesis 31:11
In that dream the angel of God said to me, ‘Jacob!’ And I replied, ‘Here I am.’
Genesis 31:12
‘Look up,’ he said, ‘and see that all the males that are mating with the flock are streaked, spotted, or speckled; for I have seen all that Laban has done to you.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:12 | Dialogue with Trypho 58.5 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Gen 31:12 | On the Trinity 19 · Novatian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–250 |
| Gen 31:12–13 | Demonstration of the Gospel 1.5.16 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Genesis 31:13
I am the God of Bethel, where you anointed the pillar and made a solemn vow to Me. Now get up, leave this land at once, and return to your native land.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:13 | Dialogue with Trypho 58.5 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Gen 31:13 | Dialogue with Trypho 86.2 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Gen 31:13 | On the Trinity 19 · Novatian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–250 |
| Gen 31:13 | Prophetic Extracts 1.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Gen 31:13 | Against Eunomius 2.18 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 364 |
Genesis 31:19
Now while Laban was out shearing his sheep, Rachel stole her father’s household idols.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:19 | Dialogue with Trypho 134.5 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Gen 31:19 | Oration 45.20 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Gen 31:19 | Pilgrimage (Itinerarium) 21.4 · Egeria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 381-395 |
Genesis 31:20
Moreover, Jacob deceived Laban the Aramean by not telling him that he was running away.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:20 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 42 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
Genesis 31:21
So he fled with all his possessions, crossed the Euphrates, and headed for the hill country of Gilead.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:21–55 | Genesis, lines 998–1023 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
Genesis 31:23
So he took his relatives with him, pursued Jacob for seven days, and overtook him in the hill country of Gilead.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:23 | Commentary on Jeremiah 4.36 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
Genesis 31:24
But that night God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream and warned him, “Be careful not to say anything to Jacob, either good or bad.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:24 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 42 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Gen 31:24 | Oration III Against the Arians 12 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Gen 31:24 | Defence of His Flight 20 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357 |
| Gen 31:24 | Sermon 12.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Genesis 31:27
Why did you run away secretly and deceive me, without even telling me? I would have sent you away with joy and singing, with tambourines and harps.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:27 | Commentary on Matthew 14.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
Genesis 31:29
I have power to do you great harm, but last night the God of your father said to me, ‘Be careful not to say anything to Jacob, either good or bad.’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:29 | Homilies on Matthew 42.2 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Gen 31:29 | Homilies on Matthew 50.1 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
Genesis 31:30
Now you have gone off because you long for your father’s house. But why have you stolen my gods?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:30 | Commentary on Romans 5:14 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
Genesis 31:32
If you find your gods with anyone here, he shall not live! In the presence of our relatives, see for yourself if anything is yours, and take it back.” For Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen the idols.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:32 | Homily on Luke 23 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Gen 31:32 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 42 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Gen 31:32 | Commentary on Romans 5:13 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gen 31:32 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.21 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 31:32 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.24 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 31:32 | On the Duties of the Clergy 1.49 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Gen 31:32 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 38.27.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Genesis 31:33
So Laban went into Jacob’s tent, then Leah’s tent, and then the tents of the two maidservants, but he found nothing. Then he left Leah’s tent and entered Rachel’s tent.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:33 | Homily on Luke 23 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Gen 31:33 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.21 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 31:33 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.24 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 31:33 | On Fleeing the World 22 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-391 |
Genesis 31:34
Now Rachel had taken Laban’s household idols, put them in the saddlebag of her camel, and was sitting on them. And Laban searched everything in the tent but found nothing.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:34 | Dialogue with Trypho 134.5 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Gen 31:34 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XXVI (on Deut 27) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Gen 31:34 | Oration 45.20 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Gen 31:34 | Homilies 12.12 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Gen 31:34 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.25 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 31:34 | On the Duties of the Clergy 1.49 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Gen 31:34 | On Fleeing the World 27 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-391 |
Genesis 31:35
Rachel said to her father, “Sir, do not be angry that I cannot stand up before you; for I am having my period.” So Laban searched but could not find the household idols.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:35 | Fragments on Genesis, column 125 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 31:35 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.25 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 31:35 | On Fleeing the World 22 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-391 |
| Gen 31:35 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 38.27.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Genesis 31:36
Then Jacob became incensed and challenged Laban. “What is my crime?” he said. “For what sin of mine have you so hotly pursued me?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:36–37 | Against Helvidius 16 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383 |
Genesis 31:38
I have been with you for twenty years now. Your sheep and goats have not miscarried, nor have I eaten the rams of your flock.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:38 | Fragments on Genesis, column 125 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 31:38 | Homilies 23.2 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 363-378 |
Genesis 31:40
As it was, the heat consumed me by day and the frost by night, and sleep fled from my eyes.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:40 | Fragments on the Song of Songs, chapter 2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 31:40 | Fragments on Job, column 65 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 31:40 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 0.73 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Gen 31:40 | Tractates on the Psalms 120.13 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Gen 31:40 | Tractates on the Psalms 138.4 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Gen 31:40 | Oration 26.3 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Gen 31:40 | Letter 22.40 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gen 31:40 | On the Duties of the Clergy 1.24 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Gen 31:40 | On the Duties of the Clergy 2.5 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–390 |
Genesis 31:41
Thus for twenty years I have served in your household—fourteen years for your two daughters and six years for your flocks—and you have changed my wages ten times!
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:41 | Against Heresies 5.33.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Gen 31:41 | Fragments on Genesis, column 125 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 31:41 | Fragments on Job, column 65 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 31:41 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.21.6 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Gen 31:41 | Treatise on the Mysteries 1.23.3 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Gen 31:41 | Letter 22.32 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gen 31:41 | Letter 123.14 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gen 31:41 | Against Jovinianus 1.22 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | 393 |
| Gen 31:41 | Tractates 0 · Gaudentius of Brescia | allusion, low confidence | ca. 397-410 |
| Gen 31:41 | Retractations 2.55 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 426-427 |
Genesis 31:42
If the God of my father, the God of Abraham and the Fear of Isaac, had not been with me, surely by now you would have sent me away empty-handed. But God has seen my affliction and the toil of my hands, and last night He rendered judgment.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:42 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.22 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
Genesis 31:44
Come now, let us make a covenant, you and I, and let it serve as a witness between you and me.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:44 | Fragments on Genesis, column 125 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
Genesis 31:45
So Jacob picked out a stone and set it up as a pillar,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:45–55 | Against Jovinianus 1.19 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
Genesis 31:46
and he said to his relatives, “Gather some stones.” So they took stones and made a mound, and there by the mound they ate.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:46 | Fragments on Genesis, column 125 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 31:46–48 | Commentary on Jeremiah 4.36 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
Genesis 31:47
Laban called it Jegar-sahadutha, and Jacob called it Galeed.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:47 | On the Holy Spirit 13.30 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 374–375 |
Genesis 31:48
Then Laban declared, “This mound is a witness between you and me this day.” Therefore the place was called Galeed.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:48 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.1.7 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 360–367 |
Genesis 31:52
This mound is a witness, and this pillar is a witness, that I will not go past this mound to harm you, and you will not go past this mound and pillar to harm me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:52 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.1.7 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360–367 |
Genesis 31:53
May the God of Abraham and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge between us.” So Jacob swore by the Fear of his father Isaac.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:53 | Letter 46.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gen 31:53 | Letter 47.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Genesis 31:54
Then Jacob offered a sacrifice on the mountain and invited his relatives to eat a meal. And after they had eaten, they spent the night on the mountain.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:54 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.18.7 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374-377 |
Genesis 31:55
Early the next morning, Laban got up and kissed his grandchildren and daughters and blessed them. Then he left to return home.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 31:55 | Fragments on Genesis, column 127 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |