Isaiah 49 in the early church

[Vulgate: Isaias]

168 passages quote, allude to, or echo Isaiah 49, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24

Isaiah 49:1

Listen to Me, O islands; pay attention, O distant peoples: The LORD called Me from the womb; from the body of My mother He named Me.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:1–3Commentary on John 1.134 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Isa 49:1Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 49:1Demonstration of the Gospel 2.1.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 49:1–2Demonstration of the Gospel 2.2.14 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 49:1Catechetical Lecture 10.12 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Isa 49:1Explanation of Twelve Psalms 35.4.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397

Isaiah 49:2

He made My mouth like a sharp sword; He hid Me in the shadow of His hand. He made Me like a polished arrow; He hid Me in His quiver.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:2Fragments on the Song of Songs, chapter 2 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Isa 49:2PG 12:1373 (Ps 37 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Isa 49:2PG 12:1625 (Ps 119 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Isa 49:2–6Commentary on John 1.133 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 230–248
Isa 49:2–3Commentary on John 1.228 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Isa 49:2Commentary on John 1.229 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Isa 49:2Homilies on Psalms 36-38 2.8 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Isa 49:2Homilies on Psalms 36-38 3.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Isa 49:2Homilies on Psalms 36-38 6.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Isa 49:2Commentary on the Song of Songs 0.67 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Isa 49:2Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.194 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Isa 49:2Homily on the Song of Songs 2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240–250
Isa 49:2Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 49:2Catechetical Lecture 10.12 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Isa 49:2–3Tractates on the Psalms 119.15 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Isa 49:2Tractates on the Psalms 126.18 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Isa 49:2Oration 37.11 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Isa 49:2Letter 34.4 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Isa 49:2Letter 65.12 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Isa 49:2Letter 75.5 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Isa 49:2Exposition of Psalm 118 5.17.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Isa 49:2Hexameron (Exameron) 5.80 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-390
Isa 49:2Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.24.3 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Isa 49:2Homily 4 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 390–394
Isa 49:2Homily 12 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, medium confidenceca. 390–394

Isaiah 49:3

He said to Me, “You are My Servant, Israel, in whom I will display My glory.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:3Commentary on John 1.230 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Isa 49:3Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)

Isaiah 49:4

But I said, “I have labored in vain, I have spent My strength in futility and vanity; yet My vindication is with the LORD, and My reward is with My God.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:4Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 49:4Explanation of Twelve Psalms 48.23.4 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397

Isaiah 49:5

And now says the LORD, who formed Me from the womb to be His Servant, to bring Jacob back to Him, that Israel might be gathered to Him—for I am honored in the sight of the LORD, and My God is My strength—

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:5–6Commentary on John 1.135 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Isa 49:5–6Commentary on John 1.232 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Isa 49:5Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 49:5Oration II Against the Arians 51 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 339–346
Isa 49:5Oration II Against the Arians 52 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 339–346
Isa 49:5On the Decrees of Nicaea 9 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 350–356
Isa 49:5On the Christian Faith 5.8 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 378–380
Isa 49:5To Simplicius on Faith, part 1 · Gregory of Nyssaquotation, high confidenceca. 380–394
Isa 49:5To Simplicius on Faith, part 2 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, medium confidenceca. 380–394
Isa 49:5Explanation of Twelve Psalms 35.4.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Isa 49:5Explanation of Twelve Psalms 35.4.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397

Isaiah 49:6

He says: “It is not enough for You to be My Servant, to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the protected ones of Israel. I will also make You a light for the nations, to bring My salvation to the ends of the earth.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:6Epistle of Barnabas 14.8 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Isa 49:6Dialogue with Trypho 121.4 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Isa 49:6Against Marcion 5.2 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Isa 49:6Against Praxeas 11 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 213 or later
Isa 49:6Commentary on John 1.159 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Isa 49:6Commentary on John 1.228 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 230–248
Isa 49:6Commentary on John 1.230 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Isa 49:6Homily on the Song of Songs 2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240–250
Isa 49:6To Quirinus 1.21 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Isa 49:6Prophetic Extracts 4.20 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 49:6Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 49:6Demonstration of the Gospel 2.1.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 49:6Demonstration of the Gospel 2.2.15 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 49:6Demonstration of the Gospel 2.3.41 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 49:6Demonstration of the Gospel 2.3.42 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 49:6Demonstration of the Gospel 7.3.43 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 49:6Demonstration of the Gospel 9.1.17 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 49:6Demonstration 16.4 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Isa 49:6Tractates on the Psalms 119.15 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Isa 49:6Tractates on the Psalms 126.18 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, medium confidenceca. 360–367
Isa 49:6Letter 121.2 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Isa 49:6Letter 129.6 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Isa 49:6Book of Rules 4 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Isa 49:6On the Christian Faith 5.8 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 378–380
Isa 49:6Theological Oration 4 (Or. 30), On the Son 3 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidence380
Isa 49:6Exposition of Psalm 118 3.5.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Isa 49:6Explanation of Twelve Psalms 35.5.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Isa 49:6Sermon 89.2 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Isa 49:6Sermon 199.1 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Isa 49:6Tractates 9 · Gaudentius of Bresciaquotation, high confidenceca. 397-410
Isa 49:6The Harmony of the Gospels 1.20 · Augustine of Hippoecho, low confidenceca. 399–400
Isa 49:6The Conferences 11.12 · John Cassianquotation, medium confidenceca. 426–429
Isa 49:6Against Five Heresies 7 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 437-450

Isaiah 49:7

Thus says the LORD, the Redeemer and Holy One of Israel, to Him who was despised and abhorred by the nation, to the Servant of rulers: “Kings will see You and rise, and princes will bow down, because of the LORD, who is faithful, the Holy One of Israel, who has chosen You.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:7Epistle of Barnabas 14.8 · Anonymousquotation, medium confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Isa 49:7Against Marcion 4.14 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Isa 49:7Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 49:7Demonstration of the Gospel 2.2.16 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324

Isaiah 49:8

This is what the LORD says: “In the time of favor I will answer You, and in the day of salvation I will help You; I will keep You and appoint You to be a covenant for the people, to restore the land, to apportion its desolate inheritances,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:8Dialogue with Trypho 122.5 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Isa 49:8Miscellanies 6.6.44 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 198–203
Isa 49:8Exhortation to Martyrdom 42 · Origenquotation, high confidence235
Isa 49:8–9Against Celsus 1.53 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Isa 49:8Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 75 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Isa 49:8Church History 7.11.21 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 300–325
Isa 49:8Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 49:8–11Demonstration of the Gospel 2.2.17 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 49:8Demonstration of the Gospel 2.3.42 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 49:8Demonstration of the Gospel 10.8.42 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 49:8Tractates on the Psalms 68.13 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Isa 49:8Tractates on the Psalms 118.16.14 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Isa 49:8Oration 7.21 · Gregory of Nazianzusecho, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Isa 49:8Commentary on 2 Corinthians 6:2 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Isa 49:8Letter 121.7 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Isa 49:8Book of Rules 5 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Isa 49:8Tractates on the Gospel of John 104.2 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 406–420
Isa 49:8On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 1.44 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence411–412

Isaiah 49:9

to say to the prisoners, ‘Come out,’ and to those in darkness, ‘Show yourselves.’ They will feed along the pathways, and find pasture on every barren hill.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:9Miscellanies 6.6.44 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 198–203
Isa 49:9Commentary on Daniel 4.31-34 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 202-204
Isa 49:9Homily on Isaiah 6 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 235–250
Isa 49:9Homilies on Ezekiel 1.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
Isa 49:9Against Celsus 8.54 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Isa 49:9Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 115 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Isa 49:9Fragment on Job, no. 21 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Isa 49:9Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 49:9Exposition of Psalm 118 8.41.4 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397

Isaiah 49:10

They will not hunger or thirst, nor will scorching heat or sun beat down on them. For He who has compassion on them will guide them and lead them beside springs of water.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:10Against Marcion 4.14 · Tertullianallusion, medium confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Isa 49:10Homilies on Numbers 23.11 · Origenallusion, low confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Isa 49:10Lines 957–978 · Commodianallusion, medium confidence3rd century (disputed)
Isa 49:10Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)

Isaiah 49:11

I will turn all My mountains into roads, and My highways will be raised up.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:11Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)

Isaiah 49:12

Behold, they will come from far away, from the north and from the west, and from the land of Aswan.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:12Against Marcion 4.13 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Isa 49:12–13Demonstration of the Gospel 2.2.18 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 49:12Part 3, chapter 35 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Isaiah 49:13

Shout for joy, O heavens; rejoice, O earth; break forth in song, O mountains! For the LORD has comforted His people, and He will have compassion on His afflicted ones.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:13Catechetical Lecture 18.33 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Isa 49:13On the Holy Spirit 28 · Didymus the Blindquotation, high confidenceGreek ca. 360-390; Latin 387-391
Isa 49:13Oration 4.12 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383

Isaiah 49:14

But Zion said, “The LORD has forsaken me; the Lord has forgotten me!”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:14Commentary on Isaiah 50:1 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 408-410

Isaiah 49:15

“Can a woman forget her nursing child, or lack compassion for the son of her womb? Even if she could forget, I will not forget you!

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:15–16Refutation of All Heresies 5.8.17 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 222–235
Isa 49:15Letter 243 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 357–378
Isa 49:15Homilies on Matthew 22.6 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Isa 49:15The Conferences 13.17 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Isaiah 49:16

Behold, I have inscribed you on the palms of My hands; your walls are ever before Me.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:16Against Heresies 5.35.2 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Isa 49:16Oration 18.32 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Isa 49:16Oration 34.5 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Isa 49:16Oration 36.12 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Isa 49:16On the Complaints of Job and David 3.24 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 383-390
Isa 49:16Exposition of Psalm 118 14.43.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Isa 49:16Hexameron (Exameron) 6.42 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-390
Isa 49:16Hexameron (Exameron) 6.49 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-390
Isa 49:16Explanation of Twelve Psalms 47.22.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397

Isaiah 49:17

Your builders hasten back; your destroyers and wreckers depart from you.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:17Epistle of Barnabas 16.3 · Anonymousallusion, low confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Isa 49:17Letter 198.6 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, medium confidenceca. 386–430

Isaiah 49:18

Lift up your eyes and look around. They all gather together; they come to you. As surely as I live,” declares the LORD, “you will wear them all as jewelry and put them on like a bride.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:18Against Marcion 3.24 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Isa 49:18Against Marcion 4.11 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Isa 49:18Against Marcion 4.13 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Isa 49:18Commentary on John 2.116 · Origenquotation, medium confidenceca. 230–248
Isa 49:18Commentary on John 2.123 · Origenquotation, medium confidenceca. 230–248
Isa 49:18–19Church History 10.4.51 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 300–325
Isa 49:18Oration 6.17 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Isa 49:18Oration 16.4 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Isa 49:18Oration 42.11 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Isa 49:18Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Isa 49:18Exposition of Psalm 118 5.1.1 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 386-397
Isa 49:18On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 24 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-392
Isa 49:18Part 1, chapter 27 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Isaiah 49:19

For your ruined and desolate places and your ravaged land will now indeed be too small for your people, and those who devoured you will be far away.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:19Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380

Isaiah 49:20

Yet the children of your bereavement will say in your hearing, ‘This place is too small for us; make room for us to live here.’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:20Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 815 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Isa 49:20Homilies on Joshua 3.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Isa 49:20–21Church History 10.4.52 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 300–325
Isa 49:20Letter 120.8 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419

Isaiah 49:21

Then you will say in your heart, ‘Who has begotten these for me? I was bereaved and barren; I was exiled and rejected. So who has reared them? Look, I was left all alone, so where did they come from?’”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:21Against Marcion 4.13 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Isa 49:21Homilies on Joshua 3.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Isa 49:21Letter 78.30 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419

Isaiah 49:22

This is what the Lord GOD says: “Behold, I will lift up My hand to the nations, and raise My banner to the peoples. They will bring your sons in their arms and carry your daughters on their shoulders.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:22To the Smyrnaeans 1.2 · Ignatius of Antiochecho, low confidenceca. 110 (range ca. 105–135)
Isa 49:22On Prayer 15.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 233–234
Isa 49:22Commentary on Matthew 13.26 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 246–248
Isa 49:22Long recension, Smyrnaeans 1 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidencelater 4th century (probable)
Isa 49:22Homily 2 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, medium confidenceca. 390–394
Isa 49:22–26Commentary on Isaiah 50:1 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 408-410
Isa 49:22–23Part 3, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Isaiah 49:23

Kings will be your foster fathers, and their queens your nursing mothers. They will bow to you facedown and lick the dust at your feet. Then you will know that I am the LORD; those who hope in Me will never be put to shame.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:23On Prayer 15.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 233–234
Isa 49:23Commentary on Matthew 13.26 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 246–248

Isaiah 49:24

Can the plunder be snatched from the mighty, or the captives of a tyrant be delivered?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 49:24Homilies on Numbers 7.5 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)