James 4 in the early church
164 passages quote, allude to, or echo James 4, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 3 · 4 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17
James 4:1
What causes conflicts and quarrels among you? Don’t they come from the passions at war within you?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 4:1 | 1 Clement 46.5 · Clement of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| Jas 4:1–2 | Fragment Z III (on the Epistle of James) · Dionysius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248–265 |
| Jas 4:1 | Recognitions 2.36 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| Jas 4:1 | Liber Orsiesii 31 · Orsiesius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| Jas 4:1 | Eleven Tractates 5.83 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Jas 4:1 | Eleven Tractates 10.131 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Jas 4:1 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.9.4 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Jas 4:1 | Poem 6, lines 224–254 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, low confidence | ca. 393–431 |
James 4:3
And when you do ask, you do not receive, because you ask with wrong motives, that you may squander it on your pleasures.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 4:3–4 | Sermon 15.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:3 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 73.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
James 4:4
You adulteresses! Do you not know that friendship with the world is hostility toward God? Therefore, whoever chooses to be a friend of the world renders himself an enemy of God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 4:4 | On Dice-Players 8 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Jas 4:4 | Refutation of All Heresies 9.15.3 · Hippolytus of Rome | echo, low confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Jas 4:4 | Homily on Luke 35 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Jas 4:4 | Commentary on Romans 4.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Jas 4:4 | Demonstration 2.20 · Aphrahat | echo, low confidence | 337-345 |
| Jas 4:4 | Apostolic Constitutions 5.4.1 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 380 |
| Jas 4:4 | Liber Orsiesii 41 · Orsiesius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| Jas 4:4 | Eleven Tractates 4.75 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Jas 4:4 | Eleven Tractates 9.122 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Jas 4:4 | Eleven Tractates 10.127 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Jas 4:4 | On True Religion 35 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, low confidence | ca. 389–391 |
| Jas 4:4 | Sermon 125.11 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:4 | Sermon 142.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:4 | Sermon 162.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:4 | Sermon 171.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:4 | Sermon 385.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:4 | Letters 1.5 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Jas 4:4 | Letters 12.7 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Jas 4:4 | Letters 25.3 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Jas 4:4 | Confessions 1.21 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Jas 4:4 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 79.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Jas 4:4 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 101.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Jas 4:4 | On the Christian Life 14 · Fastidius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 411-430 |
James 4:6
But He gives us more grace. This is why it says: “God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 4:6 | 1 Clement 30.2 · Clement of Rome | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| Jas 4:6 | To the Ephesians 5.3 · Ignatius of Antioch | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 110 (range ca. 105–135) |
| Jas 4:6 | Miscellanies 3.6.49 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Jas 4:6 | Miscellanies 4.17.106 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Jas 4:6 | Letters to Virgins 1.8.3 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century |
| Jas 4:6 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 169 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Jas 4:6 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 199 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Jas 4:6 | PG 12:1587 (Ps 118 LXX) · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Jas 4:6 | Homilies on Ezekiel 9.2 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Jas 4:6 | Homilies on Judges 3.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Jas 4:6 | Against Novatian 13 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | after 251 (disputed) |
| Jas 4:6 | Preparation for the Gospel 11.13.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Jas 4:6 | Life of Constantine 4.10.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | echo, low confidence | ca. 337–339 |
| Jas 4:6 | Long recension, Ephesians 5 · Anonymous | quotation, medium confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| Jas 4:6 | Long recension, Hero 5 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| Jas 4:6 | Oration 4.32 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Jas 4:6 | Oration 43.54 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Jas 4:6 | Homilies 20.4 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Jas 4:6 | Commentary on 2 Corinthians 5:12 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Jas 4:6 | Commentary on Romans 12:16 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Jas 4:6 | Letter 12.2 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 4:6 | Letter 76.1 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 4:6 | Letter 78.25 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 4:6 | Letter 130.12 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 4:6 | Apostolic Constitutions 7.5.1 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Jas 4:6 | Apostolic Constitutions 8.2.7 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Jas 4:6 | Exposition of Psalm 118 3.37.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Jas 4:6 | Exposition of Psalm 118 7.9.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Jas 4:6 | Letter 55.18 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Letter 93.49 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Letter 121.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Letter 155.2 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Letter 157.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Homilies on Matthew 65.6 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Jas 4:6 | Sermon 30.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Sermon 30.7 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Sermon 81.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Sermon 131.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Sermon 144.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Sermon 145.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Sermon 150.10 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Sermon 156.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Sermon 270.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Sermon 289.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Sermon 351.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Sermon 351.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:6 | Sermon 363.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:6 | The Lord's Sermon on the Mount 1.11 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 393–396 |
| Jas 4:6 | Poem 21, lines 458–490 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Jas 4:6 | Poem 24, lines 731–762 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Jas 4:6 | Letters 50.3 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Jas 4:6 | On Christian Doctrine 3.23 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | Books 1–3 ca. 396–397; completed 426–427 |
| Jas 4:6 | Confessions 1.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Jas 4:6 | Confessions 4.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Jas 4:6 | Confessions 4.26 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Jas 4:6 | Confessions 7.13 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Jas 4:6 | Confessions 10.59 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Jas 4:6 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 11.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 401–415 |
| Jas 4:6 | On Holy Virginity 34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 401 |
| Jas 4:6 | On Holy Virginity 45 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 401 |
| Jas 4:6 | On Holy Virginity 54 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 401 |
| Jas 4:6 | Against Felix the Manichaean 2.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | December 404 |
| Jas 4:6 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 54.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Jas 4:6 | On the Spirit and the Letter 20 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 412 |
| Jas 4:6 | On the Spirit and the Letter 66 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 412 |
| Jas 4:6 | City of God 11.33 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Jas 4:6 | City of God 17.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Jas 4:6 | City of God 19.27 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Jas 4:6 | Letter 15, chapter 3 · Boniface I, bishop of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | 418–422 |
| Jas 4:6 | The Institutes 12.6 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 419–426 |
| Jas 4:6 | The Institutes 12.7 · John Cassian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 419–426 |
| Jas 4:6 | Against Two Letters of the Pelagians 4.34 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 420–421 |
| Jas 4:6 | Book 3, section 26 · Sedulius | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 425-450 |
James 4:7
Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.
James 4:8
Draw near to God, and He will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 4:8 | Acts of Peter (Vercelli) 18 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 180–200 |
| Jas 4:8 | Commentary on Romans 4.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Jas 4:8 | Oration 16.18 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Jas 4:8 | Oration 42.22 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Jas 4:8 | Sermon 279.6 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:8 | The Conferences 13.9 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| Jas 4:8 | Letter 1 (= Leo, Ep. 22), chapter 1 · Flavian of Constantinople | allusion, medium confidence | 448-449 |
James 4:10
Humble yourselves before the Lord, and He will exalt you.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 4:10 | PG 12:1617 (Ps 118 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Jas 4:10 | Sermon 279.6 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
James 4:11
Brothers, do not slander one another. Anyone who speaks against his brother or judges him speaks against the law and judges it. And if you judge the law, you are not a practitioner of the law, but a judge of it.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 4:11 | Against Parmenian the Donatist 1.5 · Optatus of Milevis | allusion, low confidence | ca. 366–385 |
| Jas 4:11 | Confessions 13.33 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Jas 4:11 | On Grace and Free Will 2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426 |
| Jas 4:11 | The Conferences 16.16 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| Jas 4:11–12 | Sermon on the Barbarian Time 1 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 437-450 |
James 4:12
There is only one Lawgiver and Judge, the One who is able to save and destroy. But who are you to judge your neighbor?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 4:12 | Shepherd of Hermas, Mandate 12.6.3 (49.3) · Hermas | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| Jas 4:12 | Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude 9.23.4 (100.4) · Hermas | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| Jas 4:12 | On Patience 10 · Tertullian | echo, medium confidence | ca. 198–206 |
| Jas 4:12 | Recognitions 10.47 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| Jas 4:12 | Eleven Tractates 5.87 · Priscillian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380–385 |
James 4:13
Come now, you who say, “Today or tomorrow we will go to this or that city, spend a year there, carry on business, and make a profit.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 4:13–14 | Letter 22 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Jas 4:13 | Letter 133.7 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
James 4:14
You do not even know what will happen tomorrow! What is your life? You are a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes.
James 4:15
Instead, you ought to say, “If the Lord is willing, we will live and do this or that.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 4:15 | Letter 133.7 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
James 4:16
As it is, you boast in your proud intentions. All such boasting is evil.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 4:16 | Letter 133.7 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
James 4:17
Anyone, then, who knows the right thing to do, yet fails to do it, is guilty of sin.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 4:17 | On First Principles 1.3.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Jas 4:17 | Divine Institutes 6.5.10 · Lactantius | echo, low confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| Jas 4:17 | On Paradise 36 · Ambrose | allusion, low confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Jas 4:17 | Sermon 249.2 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, low confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 4:17 | Against Jovinianus 2.2 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| Jas 4:17 | Letters 30.3 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, low confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Jas 4:17 | On Adulterous Marriages 1.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 419–421 |