Joel in the early church
Every passage that quotes, alludes to, or echoes Joel, in verse order; passages on the same verse are in date order. References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
| Verse | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joel 1:1 | Miscellanies 1.21.118 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Joel 2:12 | Who Is the Rich Man That Is Saved? 39.2 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, low confidence | ca. 190–210 |
| Joel 2:12 | On the Lapsed 29 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 251 |
| Joel 2:13 | 1 Clement 60.1 · Clement of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| Joel 2:13 | First Apology 52 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 150–155 |
| Joel 2:13 | On the Lapsed 29 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 251 |
| Joel 2:13 | On the Lapsed 36 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 251 |
| Joel 2:16 | To Autolycus 3.12 · Theophilus of Antioch | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–185 |
| Joel 2:17 | To Autolycus 3.12 · Theophilus of Antioch | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 180–185 |
| Joel 2:28 (3:1 LXX) | Dialogue with Trypho 87.6 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Joel 2:28 | Excerpts from Theodotus 24.1 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 200 |
| Joel 2:28 (3:1 LXX) | Miscellanies 5.13.88 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Joel 2:28 | On Repentance 2 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–206 |
| Joel 2:28 | Against Marcion 5.11 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Joel 2:28 | Against Marcion 5.17 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Joel 2:28 | Against Marcion 5.4 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Joel 2:28 | Against Marcion 5.8 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Joel 2:28 | On the Trinity 29 · Novatian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–250 |
| Joel 2:29 (3:2 LXX) | Dialogue with Trypho 87.6 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Joel 2:29 | Against Marcion 5.8 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Joel 2:30–31 | Against Marcion 4.39 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Joel 2:32 (3:5 LXX) | On Prayer 11.3 · Origen | allusion, low confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Joel 2:32 (3:5 LXX) | Exhortation to Martyrdom 28 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | 235 |
| Joel 3:18 (4:18 LXX) | The Instructor 1.6.45 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Joel 3:18 (4:18 LXX) | Against Marcion 3.5 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |