Mark 12 in the early church
187 passages quote, allude to, or echo Mark 12, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 6 · 7 · 9 · 10 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 18 · 20 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44
Mark 12:1
Then Jesus began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a wine vat, and built a watchtower. Then he rented it out to some tenants and went away on a journey.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:1 | Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude 5.2.2 (55.2) · Hermas | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| Mark 12:1 | Commentary on Matthew 17.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Mark 12:1 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.133 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 12:6
Finally, having one beloved son, he sent him to them. ‘They will respect my son,’ he said.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:6 | On the Christian Faith 5.17 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 378–380 |
Mark 12:7
But the tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:7 | Commentary on Jeremiah 6.13 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Mark 12:7 | Sermon 172 · Peter Chrysologus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Mark 12:9
What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:9 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.134 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 12:10
Have you never read this Scripture: ‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:10 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.135 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 12:12
At this, the leaders sought to arrest Jesus, for they knew that He had spoken this parable against them. But fearing the crowd, they left Him and went away.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:12 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.139 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 12:13
Later, they sent some of the Pharisees and Herodians to catch Jesus in His words.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:13 | Commentary on Matthew 17.26 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Mark 12:13 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.140 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 12:14
“Teacher,” they said, “we know that You are honest and seek favor from no one. Indeed, You are impartial and teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar or not? Should we pay them or not?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:14 | Homilies on Matthew 70.1 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
Mark 12:18
Then the Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, came to Jesus and questioned Him:
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:18 | Commentary on Matthew 17.29 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 246–248 |
Mark 12:20
Now there were seven brothers. The first one married and died, leaving no children.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:20 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.140 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 12:24
Jesus said to them, “Aren’t you mistaken, because you do not know the Scriptures or the power of God?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:24 | Commentary on Matthew 17.34 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Mark 12:24 | Homilies 2.51 · Anonymous | quotation, medium confidence | 4th century (reworking earlier material) |
| Mark 12:24 | Homilies 3.50 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 4th century (reworking earlier material) |
| Mark 12:24 | Homilies 18.20 · Anonymous | quotation, medium confidence | 4th century (reworking earlier material) |
Mark 12:25
When the dead rise, they will neither marry nor be given in marriage. Instead, they will be like the angels in heaven.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:25 | Exhortation to Martyrdom 16 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | 235 |
| Mark 12:25 | Commentary on Matthew 17.34 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
Mark 12:26
But concerning the dead rising, have you not read about the burning bush in the Book of Moses, how God told him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:26 | Didascalia 6.22 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | first half of the third century |
| Mark 12:26–27 | Commentary on John 2.116 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 12:26–27 | Commentary on John 6.18 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 12:26–27 | Commentary on John 20.223 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 12:26 | Cib. 13 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Mark 12:26–27 | Sermon 362.17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Mark 12:26 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 43.13 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
Mark 12:27
He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are badly mistaken!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:27 | Didascalia 6.22 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | first half of the third century |
| Mark 12:27 | Commentary on Matthew 17.35 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Mark 12:27 | Cib. 13 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Mark 12:27 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 43.13 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
Mark 12:28
Now one of the scribes had come up and heard their debate. Noticing how well Jesus had answered them, he asked Him, “Which commandment is the most important of all?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:28–31 | On Ecclesiastical Theology 2.19.6 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 337–339 |
| Mark 12:28 | Homilies on Matthew 27.2 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Mark 12:28 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.141 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 12:28 | On Grace and Free Will 17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426 |
Mark 12:29
Jesus replied, “This is the most important: ‘Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One.
Mark 12:30
Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:30 | 2 Clement 3.4 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| Mark 12:30 | First Apology 16 · Justin Martyr | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 150–155 |
| Mark 12:30 | Dialogue with Trypho 93.2 · Justin Martyr | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mark 12:30 | The Instructor 3.12.88 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Mark 12:30 | Who Is the Rich Man That Is Saved? 27.3 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–210 |
| Mark 12:30 | On Prayer 28.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Mark 12:30 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 0.70 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Mark 12:30 | Homily on the Song of Songs 2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–250 |
| Mark 12:30 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 67 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Mark 12:30 | Letter to Marcellinus 27 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | uncertain, after 335 |
| Mark 12:30 | Letter 2 · Ammonas | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 340-360 |
| Mark 12:30 | On the Trinity 9.24 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| Mark 12:30 | Letter 23 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Mark 12:30 | On Virginity 9 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–371 |
| Mark 12:30 | On Virginity 14 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–371 |
| Mark 12:30 | Apostolic Constitutions 6.20.9 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Mark 12:30 | On the Making of Man 8 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | 379 |
| Mark 12:30–31 | Sermon 368.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Mark 12:30 | Sermon 94 · Peter Chrysologus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Mark 12:30 | On Grace and Free Will 17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426 |
Mark 12:31
The second is this: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ No other commandment is greater than these.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:31 | Who Is the Rich Man That Is Saved? 28.1 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–210 |
| Mark 12:31 | Fragments on Luke, column 353 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Mark 12:31 | Homily on the Song of Songs 2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–250 |
| Mark 12:31 | Letter 2.9 · Antony the Great | echo, low confidence | before 356 |
| Mark 12:31–32 | On Ecclesiastical Theology 2.19.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 337–339 |
| Mark 12:31 | On the Trinity 9.24 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| Mark 12:31–33 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.21.6 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Mark 12:31 | Sermon 387.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Mark 12:31 | On Grace and Free Will 17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426 |
Mark 12:32
“Right, Teacher,” the scribe replied. “You have stated correctly that God is One and there is no other but Him,
Mark 12:33
and to love Him with all your heart and with all your understanding and with all your strength, and to love your neighbor as yourself. This is more important than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:33 | On the Trinity 9.24 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| Mark 12:33 | Homilies on Matthew 71.1 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
Mark 12:34
When Jesus saw that the man had answered wisely, He said, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” And no one dared to question Him any further.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:34 | On the Trinity 9.25 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| Mark 12:34 | On the Trinity 9.26 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| Mark 12:34 | Homilies on Matthew 71.1 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Mark 12:34 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.141 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 12:34 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.142 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 12:35
While Jesus was teaching in the temple courts, He asked, “How can the scribes say that the Christ is the Son of David?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:35 | On the Trinity 9.26 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| Mark 12:35 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.143 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 12:36
Speaking by the Holy Spirit, David himself declared: ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand until I put Your enemies under Your feet.”’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:36 | Epistle of Barnabas 12.10 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 70–135 (often ca. 130) |
| Mark 12:36 | On the Trinity 9.26 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
Mark 12:37
David himself calls Him ‘Lord.’ So how can He be David’s son?” And the large crowd listened to Him with delight.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:37 | On the Trinity 9.26 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| Mark 12:37 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 51.25.1 · Epiphanius of Salamis | echo, low confidence | 374-377 |
| Mark 12:37 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.143 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 12:38
In His teaching Jesus also said, “Watch out for the scribes. They like to walk around in long robes, to receive greetings in the marketplaces,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:38–39 | Acta Archelai (Latin) 24 · Hegemonius | allusion, medium confidence | early to mid 4th century (Greek original) |
| Mark 12:38–39 | Sermon 91.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Mark 12:38 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.146 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 12:40
They defraud widows of their houses, and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will receive greater condemnation.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:40 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Mark 12:40 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 60 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Mark 12:40 | Tractates on the Psalms 52.13 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Mark 12:40 | Homilies 23.4 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Mark 12:40 | Commentary on 2 Corinthians 3:1 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Mark 12:40 | Letter 120.11 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Mark 12:40 | Commentary on Jeremiah 1.56 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
Mark 12:41
As Jesus was sitting opposite the treasury, He watched the crowd putting money into it. And many rich people put in large amounts.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:41 | Miscellanies 4.6.35 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Mark 12:41 | Commentary on John 19.41 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 12:41–44 | Commentary on John 19.42 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 12:41–42 | Commentary on John 19.51 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 12:41 | Instructions 2.14 · Commodian | echo, low confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Mark 12:41–44 | Acta Archelai (Latin) 47 · Hegemonius | allusion, high confidence | early to mid 4th century (Greek original) |
| Mark 12:41–44 | Letter 53.11 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Mark 12:41–44 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.36.8 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Mark 12:41–44 | Apostolic Constitutions 3.7.7 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Mark 12:41 | Sermon 356.14 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, low confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Mark 12:41 | Poem 18, lines 33–64 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Mark 12:41–44 | Commentary on Jeremiah 2.108 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Mark 12:41–44 | Part 2, chapter 29 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Mark 12:42
Then one poor widow came and put in two small copper coins, which amounted to a small fraction of a denarius.
Mark 12:43
Jesus called His disciples to Him and said, “Truly I tell you, this poor widow has put more than all the others into the treasury.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:43 | Sentences of Sextus 379 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| Mark 12:43–44 | Sentence 379 (Greek) · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| Mark 12:43 | Miscellanies 4.6.35 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Mark 12:43 | Didascalia 3.6–7 (Latin) · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | first half of the third century |
| Mark 12:43–44 | Commentary on John 19.46 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 12:43 | Commentary on John 19.52 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 12:43 | Address of Thanksgiving 3 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–245 |
| Mark 12:43 | Instructions 2.31 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Mark 12:43–44 | Oration 14.28 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Mark 12:43 | Question 119, section 4 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Mark 12:43 | Letter 118.5 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Mark 12:43 | Poem 18, lines 33–64 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
Mark 12:44
For they all contributed out of their surplus, but she out of her poverty has put in all she had to live on.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:44 | Against Heresies 4.18.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Mark 12:44 | Miscellanies 4.6.35 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Mark 12:44 | Didascalia 3.8 (Latin) · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | first half of the third century |
| Mark 12:44 | Commentary on John 19.50 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 12:44 | Commentary on John 19.58 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 12:44 | Oration 16.20 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Mark 12:44 | Homilies 7.9 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Mark 12:44 | Question 124, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Mark 12:44 | Letter 145.5 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Mark 12:44 | On Virgins 1.10 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 377 |
| Mark 12:44 | On the Duties of the Clergy 1.30 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Mark 12:44 | Poem 18, lines 33–64 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Mark 12:44 | Letters 34.3 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Mark 12:44 | The Harmony of the Gospels 4.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |