Herodotus, Histories in the early church
Texts outside the 66 books of the Protestant Bible. A bracket shows which other churches include a book in their Old Testament canon: RC = Roman Catholic, EO = Eastern Orthodox, ETH = Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo.
114 passages cite it, in date order.
| Passage | Cites | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| To Autolycus 3.5 · Theophilus of Antioch | 1.119 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–185 |
| To Autolycus 3.5 · Theophilus of Antioch | 3.99 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–185 |
| A Plea for the Christians 17 · Athenagoras | 2.53 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 176–180 |
| A Plea for the Christians 26 · Athenagoras | 2.172 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 176–180 |
| A Plea for the Christians 28 · Athenagoras | 2.144 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 176–180 |
| A Plea for the Christians 28 · Athenagoras | 2.156 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 176–180 |
| A Plea for the Christians 28 · Athenagoras | 2.170–171 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 176–180 |
| A Plea for the Christians 28 · Athenagoras | 2.86 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 176–180 |
| On the Resurrection of the Dead 4 · Athenagoras | 1.119 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 177–180 (if by Athenagoras) |
| The Instructor 2.12.120 · Clement of Alexandria | 3.102 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 1.6 · Clement of Alexandria | 2.2 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 2.24 · Clement of Alexandria | 4.76 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 3.43 · Clement of Alexandria | 1.86 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 3.44 · Clement of Alexandria | 6.105 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 17 · Anonymous | 2.172 | allusion, low confidence | ca. 180–185 |
| Miscellanies 1.14.62 · Clement of Alexandria | 1.170 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 1.14.65 · Clement of Alexandria | 1.74 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 1.16.75 · Clement of Alexandria | 5.58 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 1.21.127 · Clement of Alexandria | 3.61–88 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 3.3.16 · Clement of Alexandria | 1.31–32 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.8.57 · Clement of Alexandria | 4.94–95 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.8.62 · Clement of Alexandria | 4.116 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.8.44 · Clement of Alexandria | 4.131–132 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.14.132 · Clement of Alexandria | 7.140–141 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.19 · Clement of Alexandria | 3.119 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.23 · Clement of Alexandria | 6.86 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.3.29 · Clement of Alexandria | 7.178, 188–191 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Octavius 18.6 · Minucius Felix | 3.84–87 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 197–250 |
| Octavius 23.12 · Minucius Felix | 2.172 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 197–250 |
| Apology 9 · Tertullian | 1.74 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 197 |
| Apology 22 · Tertullian | 1.47–48 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 197 |
| To the Nations 1.8 · Tertullian | 2.2 | allusion, high confidence | 197 |
| To the Nations 2.9 · Tertullian | 1.31 | allusion, medium confidence | 197 |
| To the Nations 2.17 · Tertullian | 1.53 | allusion, medium confidence | 197 |
| On Prayer 17 · Tertullian | 1.47 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–206 |
| On the Pallium 2 · Tertullian | 8.138 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 205–211 |
| On the Soul 46 · Tertullian | 1.107 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 210 |
| On the Soul 46 · Tertullian | 3.124 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 210 |
| On the Soul 49 · Tertullian | 4.184 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 210 |
| On the Soul 57 · Tertullian | 4.172 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 210 |
| Fragments on Luke, column 331 · Origen | 3.109 | allusion, low confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Fragment 10 · Julius Africanus | 2.124 | allusion, high confidence | after 221 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 4.48.9 · Hippolytus of Rome | 1.1 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 5.21.10 · Hippolytus of Rome | 6.119 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 5.21.11 · Hippolytus of Rome | 6.119 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 5.25.1 · Hippolytus of Rome | 4.8–10 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 5.25.2 · Hippolytus of Rome | 4.9 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 5.25.3 · Hippolytus of Rome | 4.9 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 5.25.4 · Hippolytus of Rome | 4.10 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| To Theopompus on the Impassibility and Passibility of God, section 19 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | 6.114 | allusion, low confidence | if authentic, ca. 240-275 |
| Against Celsus 1.5 · Origen | 1.131 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 1.29 · Origen | 8.125 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 2.9 · Origen | 1.47 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 2.55 · Origen | 4.94–96 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 2.55 · Origen | 2.122 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 3.3 · Origen | 4.14–15 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 3.26 · Origen | 4.14–15 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 3.31 · Origen | 4.36 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 3.34 · Origen | 4.94–96 | allusion, low confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 4.98 · Origen | 2.73 | echo, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 5.27 · Origen | 4.103 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 5.34 · Origen | 2.18 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 5.34 · Origen | 3.38 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 5.41 · Origen | 1.131 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 5.41 · Origen | 2.104 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 6.39 · Origen | 4.59 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 7.62 · Origen | 1.131 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 8.6 · Origen | 7.136 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 8.46 · Origen | 6.66 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.4.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 2.171 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.20.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 1.46–51 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.20.10 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 1.53 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.21.1 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 1.47 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.21.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 1.53 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.21.4 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 1.55 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.23.6 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 7.141 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.24.1 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 7.140 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.24.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 7.141 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.24.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 1.55 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.25.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 7.220 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.26.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 1.174 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.27.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 1.65 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.29.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 5.92 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.34.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 1.47 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.35.1 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 5.92 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 6.7.4 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 7.148 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 8.14.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 3.124–125 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 10.3.16 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 2.68–73 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 10.10.17 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 2.104 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 13.13.61 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 7.140–141 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Against the Heathen 23 · Athanasius of Alexandria | 2.50–52 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 318–325 |
| Against the Heathen 25 · Athanasius of Alexandria | 4.103 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 318–325 |
| Against the Heathen 25 · Athanasius of Alexandria | 4.62 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 318–325 |
| Life of Constantine 1.7.1 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 1.214 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 337–339 |
| Catechetical Lecture 18.8 · Cyril of Jerusalem | 2.73 | echo, medium confidence | ca. 350 |
| Letter 339 · Basil of Caesarea | 7.22 | allusion, low confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Letter 23 · Gregory of Nazianzus | 4.36 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360–390 |
| Letter 29 · Gregory of Nazianzus | 7.33-36 | allusion, low confidence | ca. 360–390 |
| Letter 31 · Gregory of Nazianzus | 7.31 | allusion, low confidence | ca. 360–390 |
| Oration 5.10 · Gregory of Nazianzus | 3.154 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Oration 5.15 · Gregory of Nazianzus | 6.1 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Oration 43.43 · Gregory of Nazianzus | 7.35 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Hexaemeron 4.3 · Basil of Caesarea | 2.158 | allusion, low confidence | ca. 370 |
| Hexaemeron 9.5 · Basil of Caesarea | 3.108 | allusion, low confidence | ca. 370 |
| Homilies 22.8 · Basil of Caesarea | 7.27 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Letter 60.18 · Jerome | 7.45-46 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Letter 77.8 · Jerome | 1.106 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Letter 84.4 · Jerome | 1.53 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ancoratus 104.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | 3.29 | allusion, medium confidence | 374 |
| Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 26.19.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | 3.109 | allusion, low confidence | 374-377 |
| Homilies on Matthew 33.4 · John Chrysostom | 8 | allusion, low confidence | ca. 390 |
| Against Jovinianus 1.45 · Jerome | 1.8–12 | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
| Against Jovinianus 1.48 · Jerome | 1.8 | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
| City of God 1.14 · Augustine of Hippo | 1.23–24 | allusion, medium confidence | 413–426 |