Acts 23 in the early church
50 passages quote, allude to, or echo Acts 23, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 16 · 23 · 24
Acts 23:1
Paul looked directly at the Sanhedrin and said, “Brothers, I have conducted myself before God in all good conscience to this day.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:1–3 | On Not Sparing Those Who Sin against God 29 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
Acts 23:2
At this, the high priest Ananias ordered those standing near Paul to strike him on the mouth.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:2 | Homilies on Jeremiah 19.12 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Acts 23:2–3 | On the Witch of Endor 22 · Eustathius of Antioch | quotation, high confidence | ca. 324–337 |
| Acts 23:2 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.56.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Acts 23:2–5 | The Lord's Sermon on the Mount 1.19 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 393–396 |
| Acts 23:2 | Commentary on Jeremiah 4.19 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 414-419 |
Acts 23:3
Then Paul said to him, “God will strike you, you whitewashed wall! You sit here to judge me according to the law, yet you yourself violate the law by commanding that I be struck.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:3 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 213 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Acts 23:3 | Homilies on Numbers 27.12 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Acts 23:3 | Homilies on Jeremiah 19.12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Acts 23:3 | Question 110, section 6 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Acts 23:3 | Letter 138.13 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Acts 23:3 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.56.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Acts 23:3 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 61.12.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Acts 23:3 | The Lord's Sermon on the Mount 1.21 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 393–396 |
| Acts 23:3 | On Lying 27 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 395 |
| Acts 23:3 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 125 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
Acts 23:4
But those standing nearby said, “How dare you insult the high priest of God!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:4–5 | Letter 3.2 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 249/250–258 |
| Acts 23:4–5 | Letter 59.4 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 249/250–258 |
| Acts 23:4–5 | Letter 66.3 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 249/250–258 |
| Acts 23:4 | Letter 138.13 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Acts 23:5
“Brothers,” Paul replied, “I was not aware that he was the high priest, for it is written: ‘Do not speak evil about the ruler of your people.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:5 | Apostolic Canon 55 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Acts 23:5 | Letter 138.13 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Acts 23:6
Then Paul, knowing that some of them were Sadducees and the others Pharisees, called out in the Sanhedrin, “Brothers, I am a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee. It is because of my hope in the resurrection of the dead that I am on trial.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:6 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 39 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Acts 23:6–8 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 19.30 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Acts 23:7
As soon as he had said this, a dispute broke out between the Pharisees and Sadducees, and the assembly was divided.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:7 | Homilies on Matthew 35.1 · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
Acts 23:8
For the Sadducees say that there is neither a resurrection nor angels nor spirits, but the Pharisees acknowledge them all.
Acts 23:9
A great clamor arose, and some scribes from the party of the Pharisees got up and contended sharply, “We find nothing wrong with this man. What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:9 | Defence against the Arians 2 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 349–357 |
Acts 23:10
The dispute grew so violent that the commander was afraid they would tear Paul to pieces. He ordered the soldiers to go down and remove him by force and bring him into the barracks.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:10–15 | On Saint Athanasius 2.24 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| Acts 23:10 | Homilies on Matthew 86.2 · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
Acts 23:11
The following night the Lord stood near Paul and said, “Take courage! As you have testified about Me in Jerusalem, so also you must testify in Rome.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:11 | Defence of His Flight 17 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357 |
| Acts 23:11 | Commentary on Romans 1:10 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
Acts 23:12
When daylight came, the Jews formed a conspiracy and bound themselves with an oath not to eat or drink until they had killed Paul.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:12 | Commentary on 2 Corinthians 11:26 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Acts 23:12–24 | Letter 185.28 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Acts 23:12 | Canon 93 (Bruns) · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 401–424 (collection of 419) |
Acts 23:16
But when the son of Paul’s sister heard about the plot, he went into the barracks and told Paul.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:16 | Letter 47.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Acts 23:23
Then he called two of his centurions and said, “Prepare two hundred soldiers, seventy horsemen, and two hundred spearmen to go to Caesarea in the third hour of the night.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:23 | Letter 112.10 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Acts 23:23 | Letter 47.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Acts 23:23 | Letter 75.10 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Acts 23:23 | Letter 87.8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Acts 23:24
Provide mounts for Paul to take him safely to Governor Felix.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:24 | History of the Arians 66 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 357 |