Acts 23 in the early church

50 passages quote, allude to, or echo Acts 23, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 16 · 23 · 24

Acts 23:1

Paul looked directly at the Sanhedrin and said, “Brothers, I have conducted myself before God in all good conscience to this day.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:1–3On Not Sparing Those Who Sin against God 29 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361

Acts 23:2

At this, the high priest Ananias ordered those standing near Paul to strike him on the mouth.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:2Homilies on Jeremiah 19.12 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 240
Acts 23:2–3On the Witch of Endor 22 · Eustathius of Antiochquotation, high confidenceca. 324–337
Acts 23:2Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.56.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
Acts 23:2–5The Lord's Sermon on the Mount 1.19 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 393–396
Acts 23:2Commentary on Jeremiah 4.19 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 414-419

Acts 23:3

Then Paul said to him, “God will strike you, you whitewashed wall! You sit here to judge me according to the law, yet you yourself violate the law by commanding that I be struck.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:3Fragments on Proverbs, column 213 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Acts 23:3Homilies on Numbers 27.12 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Acts 23:3Homilies on Jeremiah 19.12 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240
Acts 23:3Question 110, section 6 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 370–384
Acts 23:3Letter 138.13 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Acts 23:3Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.56.3 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Acts 23:3Explanation of Twelve Psalms 61.12.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Acts 23:3The Lord's Sermon on the Mount 1.21 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 393–396
Acts 23:3On Lying 27 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 395
Acts 23:3Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 125 · Anonymousquotation, high confidence5th century (disputed)

Acts 23:4

But those standing nearby said, “How dare you insult the high priest of God!”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:4–5Letter 3.2 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Acts 23:4–5Letter 59.4 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Acts 23:4–5Letter 66.3 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Acts 23:4Letter 138.13 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430

Acts 23:5

“Brothers,” Paul replied, “I was not aware that he was the high priest, for it is written: ‘Do not speak evil about the ruler of your people.’”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:5Apostolic Canon 55 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Acts 23:5Letter 138.13 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430

Acts 23:6

Then Paul, knowing that some of them were Sadducees and the others Pharisees, called out in the Sanhedrin, “Brothers, I am a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee. It is because of my hope in the resurrection of the dead that I am on trial.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:6On the Resurrection of the Flesh 39 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 208–212
Acts 23:6–8Against Faustus the Manichaean 19.30 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 398–400

Acts 23:7

As soon as he had said this, a dispute broke out between the Pharisees and Sadducees, and the assembly was divided.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:7Homilies on Matthew 35.1 · John Chrysostomallusion, medium confidenceca. 390

Acts 23:8

For the Sadducees say that there is neither a resurrection nor angels nor spirits, but the Pharisees acknowledge them all.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:8Refutation of All Heresies 9.30.4 · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, medium confidenceca. 222–235
Acts 23:8Commentary on Matthew 10.20 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 246–248
Acts 23:8Commentary on Matthew 12.1 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 246–248
Acts 23:8Recognitions 1.54 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceGreek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407
Acts 23:8Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 14.2.2 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, high confidence374-377
Acts 23:8Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 16.2.1 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, high confidence374-377
Acts 23:8Apostolic Constitutions 6.6.2 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceca. 380
Acts 23:8Theological Oration 5 (Or. 31), On the Holy Spirit 5 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidence380
Acts 23:8Homilies on Matthew 70.2 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
Acts 23:8Sermon 71.5 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Acts 23:8Sermon 95 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, medium confidenceca. 425-450

Acts 23:9

A great clamor arose, and some scribes from the party of the Pharisees got up and contended sharply, “We find nothing wrong with this man. What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:9Defence against the Arians 2 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 349–357

Acts 23:10

The dispute grew so violent that the commander was afraid they would tear Paul to pieces. He ordered the soldiers to go down and remove him by force and bring him into the barracks.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:10–15On Saint Athanasius 2.24 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361
Acts 23:10Homilies on Matthew 86.2 · John Chrysostomallusion, medium confidenceca. 390

Acts 23:11

The following night the Lord stood near Paul and said, “Take courage! As you have testified about Me in Jerusalem, so also you must testify in Rome.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:11Defence of His Flight 17 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 357
Acts 23:11Commentary on Romans 1:10 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384

Acts 23:12

When daylight came, the Jews formed a conspiracy and bound themselves with an oath not to eat or drink until they had killed Paul.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:12Commentary on 2 Corinthians 11:26 · Ambrosiasterallusion, high confidenceca. 366–384
Acts 23:12–24Letter 185.28 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
Acts 23:12Canon 93 (Bruns) · Anonymousallusion, high confidence401–424 (collection of 419)

Acts 23:16

But when the son of Paul’s sister heard about the plot, he went into the barracks and told Paul.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:16Letter 47.5 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430

Acts 23:23

Then he called two of his centurions and said, “Prepare two hundred soldiers, seventy horsemen, and two hundred spearmen to go to Caesarea in the third hour of the night.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:23Letter 112.10 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Acts 23:23Letter 47.5 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
Acts 23:23Letter 75.10 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
Acts 23:23Letter 87.8 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430

Acts 23:24

Provide mounts for Paul to take him safely to Governor Felix.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Acts 23:24History of the Arians 66 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 357