Deuteronomy 21 in the early church
85 passages quote, allude to, or echo Deuteronomy 21, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 3 · 7 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 18 · 21 · 22 · 23
Deuteronomy 21:1
If one is found slain, lying in a field in the land that the LORD your God is giving you to possess, and it is not known who killed him,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deut 21:1 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XXIV (on Deut 19–23) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Deut 21:1–23 | Deuteronomy, lines 78–102 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
Deuteronomy 21:3
Then the elders of the city nearest the victim shall take a heifer that has never been yoked or used for work,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deut 21:3 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XXIV (on Deut 19–23) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
Deuteronomy 21:7
and they shall declare, “Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our eyes see it.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deut 21:7 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XXIV (on Deut 19–23) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
Deuteronomy 21:10
When you go to war against your enemies and the LORD your God delivers them into your hand and you take them captive,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deut 21:10 | Miscellanies 2.18.88 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Deut 21:10 | Homilies on Leviticus 7.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Deut 21:10 | Preparation for the Gospel 8.8.46 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Deut 21:10–13 | Letter 66.8 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Deut 21:10 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.76.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Deuteronomy 21:11
if you see a beautiful woman among them, and you desire her and want to take her as your wife,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deut 21:11 | Miscellanies 2.18.88 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Deut 21:11 | Miscellanies 3.11.71 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Deut 21:11 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XXIV (on Deut 19–23) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Deut 21:11 | Homilies on Leviticus 7.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Deut 21:11 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.76.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Deuteronomy 21:12
then you shall bring her into your house. She must shave her head, trim her nails,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deut 21:12 | Miscellanies 2.18.88 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Deut 21:12 | Miscellanies 2.18.89 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Deut 21:12 | Miscellanies 3.11.71 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Deut 21:12 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XXIV (on Deut 19–23) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Deut 21:12 | Homilies on Leviticus 7.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Deut 21:12 | Commentary on Matthew 17.34 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Deut 21:12 | Letter 21.13 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Deut 21:12 | Letter 70.2 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Deut 21:12 | Letters 23.10 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Deuteronomy 21:13
and put aside the clothing of her captivity. After she has lived in your house a full month and mourned her father and mother, you may have relations with her and be her husband, and she shall be your wife.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deut 21:13 | Miscellanies 2.18.88 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Deut 21:13 | Miscellanies 3.11.71 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Deut 21:13 | Homilies on Leviticus 7.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Deut 21:13 | Commentary on Matthew 17.34 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Deut 21:13 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.76.1 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Deuteronomy 21:14
And if you are not pleased with her, you are to let her go wherever she wishes. But you must not sell her for money or treat her as a slave, since you have dishonored her.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deut 21:14 | Miscellanies 2.18.89 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Deut 21:14 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XXIV (on Deut 19–23) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Deut 21:14 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.76.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Deuteronomy 21:15
If a man has two wives, one beloved and the other unloved, and both bear him sons, but the unloved wife has the firstborn son,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deut 21:15 | Commentary on Matthew 17.34 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Deut 21:15 | Oration I Against the Arians 56 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, low confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Deut 21:15 | Oration II Against the Arians 4 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Deut 21:15–17 | On Cain and Abel 1.13 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Deut 21:15 | Commentary on 1 Timothy 3:2 (2) · Theodore of Mopsuestia | echo, low confidence | 392–428 |
Deuteronomy 21:18
If a man has a stubborn and rebellious son who does not obey his father and mother and does not listen to them when disciplined,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deut 21:18 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XXIV (on Deut 19–23) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Deut 21:18 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 809 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
Deuteronomy 21:21
Then all the men of his city will stone him to death. So you must purge the evil from among you, and all Israel will hear and be afraid.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deut 21:21 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XXIV (on Deut 19–23) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Deut 21:21 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 809 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Deut 21:21 | Preparation for the Gospel 8.8.39 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
Deuteronomy 21:22
If a man has committed a sin worthy of death, and he is executed, and you hang his body on a tree,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deut 21:22–23 | Gospel of Peter (Akhmim fragment) 5 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 100–200 |
| Deut 21:22–23 | On Pascha 70 · text not on this site · Melito of Sardis | echo, medium confidence | ca. 160-180 |
| Deut 21:22–23 | On Pascha 96 · text not on this site · Melito of Sardis | echo, low confidence | ca. 160-180 |
| Deut 21:22–23 | Against the Jews 10 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 197–207 |
| Deut 21:22 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XXIV (on Deut 19–23) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Deut 21:22–23 | Commentary on Galatians 3:13 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Deut 21:22 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.48.2 · Anonymous | allusion, low confidence | ca. 380 |
| Deut 21:22 | Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 42 · Evagrius of Gaul | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400 |
Deuteronomy 21:23
you must not leave the body on the tree overnight, but you must be sure to bury him that day, because anyone who is hung on a tree is under God’s curse. You must not defile the land that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance.