Leviticus 16 in the early church

76 passages quote, allude to, or echo Leviticus 16, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 17 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 26 · 29 · 31 · 34

Leviticus 16:1

Now the LORD spoke to Moses after the death of two of Aaron’s sons when they approached the presence of the LORD.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:1Homilies on Leviticus 9.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:1–2Leviticus, lines 76–101 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Leviticus 16:2

And the LORD said to Moses: “Tell your brother Aaron not to enter freely into the Most Holy Place behind the veil in front of the mercy seat on the ark, or else he will die, because I appear in the cloud above the mercy seat.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:2Excerpts from Theodotus 38.2 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 200
Lev 16:2Homilies on Leviticus 9.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:2Oration 2.40 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Lev 16:2Against Jovinianus 2.34 · Jeromeallusion, high confidence393
Lev 16:2On the Twelve Stones 13 (Adamant) · Epiphanius of Salamisecho, low confidence394

Leviticus 16:3

This is how Aaron is to enter the Holy Place: with a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:3–22Leviticus, lines 102–126 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Leviticus 16:4

He is to wear the sacred linen tunic, with linen undergarments. He must tie a linen sash around him and put on the linen turban. These are holy garments, and he must bathe himself with water before he wears them.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:4Miscellanies 5.6.39 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 198–203
Lev 16:4Homilies on Joshua 1.5 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:4Homilies on Leviticus 9.2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Leviticus 16:5

And he shall take from the congregation of Israel two male goats for a sin offering and one ram for a burnt offering.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:5Dialogue with Trypho 40.4 · Justin Martyrallusion, high confidenceca. 155–160
Lev 16:5–22Against the Jews 14 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 197–207
Lev 16:5Against Marcion 3.7 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Lev 16:5PG 12:1497 (Ps 65 LXX) · Origenallusion, low confidenceca. 220-254
Lev 16:5Homilies on Leviticus 9.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Leviticus 16:6

Aaron is to present the bull for his sin offering and make atonement for himself and his household.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:6Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 399 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 220-254
Lev 16:6Sermon 135.7 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Lev 16:6City of God 20.26 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence413–426
Lev 16:6City of God 21.27 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence413–426
Lev 16:6Against Two Letters of the Pelagians 3.15 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 420–421

Leviticus 16:7

Then he shall take the two goats and present them before the LORD at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:7Epistle of Barnabas 7.6 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)

Leviticus 16:8

After Aaron casts lots for the two goats, one for the LORD and the other for the scapegoat,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:8Epistle of Barnabas 7.7 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Lev 16:8Dialogue with Trypho 40.4 · Justin Martyrallusion, high confidenceca. 155–160
Lev 16:8Dialogue with Trypho 111.1 · Justin Martyrallusion, medium confidenceca. 155–160
Lev 16:8On First Principles 3.2.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Lev 16:8Homilies on Joshua 23.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:8Homilies on Leviticus 8.10 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:8Homilies on Leviticus 8.11 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:8Homilies on Leviticus 9.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:8Homilies on Leviticus 10.2 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:8–10Against Celsus 6.43 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 248
Lev 16:8Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 34.11.11 · Epiphanius of Salamisecho, low confidence374-377
Lev 16:8On Tobit 76 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 380-390

Leviticus 16:9

he shall present the goat chosen by lot for the LORD and sacrifice it as a sin offering.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:9Epistle of Barnabas 7.6 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Lev 16:9Homilies on Joshua 23.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Leviticus 16:10

But the goat chosen by lot as the scapegoat shall be presented alive before the LORD to make atonement by sending it into the wilderness as the scapegoat.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:10Epistle of Barnabas 7.8 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Lev 16:10Dialogue with Trypho 40.4 · Justin Martyrallusion, high confidenceca. 155–160
Lev 16:10Miscellanies 7.6.33 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 198–203
Lev 16:10Homilies on Joshua 23.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:10Homilies on Leviticus 8.10 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:10Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.23.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397

Leviticus 16:12

Then he must take a censer full of burning coals from the altar before the LORD, and two handfuls of finely ground fragrant incense, and take them inside the veil.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:12Excerpts from Theodotus 27.1 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 200
Lev 16:12Homilies on Leviticus 9.7 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:12Homilies on Leviticus 9.8 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:12Homilies on Leviticus 9.9 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Leviticus 16:13

He is to put the incense on the fire before the LORD, and the cloud of incense will cover the mercy seat above the Testimony, so that he will not die.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:13Homilies on Leviticus 9.9 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:13Homilies on Leviticus 9.10 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Leviticus 16:14

And he is to take some of the bull’s blood and sprinkle it with his finger on the east side of the mercy seat; then he shall sprinkle some of it with his finger seven times before the mercy seat.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:14Homilies on Leviticus 9.10 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Leviticus 16:17

No one may be in the Tent of Meeting from the time Aaron goes in to make atonement in the Most Holy Place until he leaves, after he has made atonement for himself, his household, and the whole assembly of Israel.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:17Homilies on Leviticus 9.11 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Leviticus 16:21

Then he is to lay both hands on the head of the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities and rebellious acts of the Israelites in regard to all their sins. He is to put them on the goat’s head and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man appointed for the task.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:21Epistle of Barnabas 7.8 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Lev 16:21Homilies on Leviticus 9.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:21Homilies on Leviticus 9.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:21Letter 149.1 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419

Leviticus 16:22

The goat will carry on itself all their iniquities into a solitary place, and the man will release it into the wilderness.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:22Letter 149.1 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419

Leviticus 16:23

Then Aaron is to enter the Tent of Meeting, take off the linen garments he put on before entering the Most Holy Place, and leave them there.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:23Miscellanies 5.6.39 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 198–203
Lev 16:23Miscellanies 5.6.40 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 198–203

Leviticus 16:24

He is to bathe himself with water in a holy place and put on his own clothes. Then he must go out and sacrifice his burnt offering and the people’s burnt offering to make atonement for himself and for the people.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:24Miscellanies 5.6.40 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 198–203

Leviticus 16:26

The man who released the goat as the scapegoat must wash his clothes and bathe himself with water; afterward he may reenter the camp.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:26Homilies on Leviticus 9.5 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:26Homilies on Leviticus 9.6 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:26Letter 149.1 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419

Leviticus 16:29

This is to be a permanent statute for you: On the tenth day of the seventh month, you shall humble yourselves and not do any work—whether the native or the foreigner who resides among you—

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:29Homilies on Leviticus 9.5 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:29–31Homilies on Numbers 23.10 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:29–31Homilies on Psalms 36-38 6.5 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 16:29Homilies on Jeremiah 12.12 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 240
Lev 16:29Against Celsus 8.23 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Lev 16:29Letter 100.6 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Lev 16:29Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.32.4 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, medium confidence374-377
Lev 16:29Homilies on Matthew 30.3 · John Chrysostomallusion, medium confidenceca. 390
Lev 16:29On Elijah and Fasting 15 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-390
Lev 16:29Against Jovinianus 2.17 · Jeromeallusion, high confidence393
Lev 16:29Commentary on Jeremiah 6.34 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 414-419

Leviticus 16:31

It is a Sabbath of complete rest for you, that you may humble yourselves; it is a permanent statute.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:31Homily on the Song of Songs 1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 240–250
Lev 16:31Letter 232 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 357–378

Leviticus 16:34

This is to be a permanent statute for you, to make atonement once a year for the Israelites because of all their sins.” And all this was done as the LORD had commanded Moses.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 16:34Oration 43.58 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Lev 16:34Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 29.4.3 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, medium confidence374-377