Revelation 19 in the early church

[Vulgate: Apocalypse]

138 passages quote, allude to, or echo Revelation 19, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 4 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 19 · 20 · 21

Revelation 19:1

After this I heard a sound like the roar of a great multitude in heaven, shouting: “Hallelujah! Salvation and glory and power belong to our God!
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:1	Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 50 · Anonymous	allusion, medium confidence	5th century (disputed)
Rev 19:1–6	Part 5, chapter 11 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	allusion, high confidence	ca. 445-450

Revelation 19:4

And the twenty-four elders and the four living creatures fell down and worshiped God who sits on the throne, saying: “Amen, Hallelujah!”
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:4	Sermon 362.29 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 391-430
Rev 19:4	Prayers 1–30 · Orientius of Auch	echo, medium confidence	5th-6th century(?)

Revelation 19:6

And I heard a sound like the roar of a great multitude, like the rushing of many waters, and like a mighty rumbling of thunder, crying out: “Hallelujah! For the Lord our God the Almighty reigns.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:6–7	To Quirinus 2.19 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Rev 19:6	Chapter 8 · Nicetas, bishop of Remesiana	allusion, high confidence	ca. 380–414
Rev 19:6	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.2.1 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 387-397

Revelation 19:7

Let us rejoice and be glad and give Him the glory. For the marriage of the Lamb has come, and His bride has made herself ready.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:7	On Holy Virginity 27 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, high confidence	401

Revelation 19:8

She was given clothing of fine linen, bright and pure.” For the fine linen she wears is the righteous acts of the saints.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:8	Acts of Thomas 7 · Anonymous	echo, low confidence	ca. 200–250
Rev 19:8	Part 2, chapter 2 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450
Rev 19:8	Part 2, chapter 3 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450

Revelation 19:9

Then the angel told me to write, “Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb.” And he said to me, “These are the true words of God.”
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:9	Excerpts from Theodotus 63.2 · Clement of Alexandria	echo, medium confidence	ca. 200
Rev 19:9	On the Shows 28 · Tertullian	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 197–202
Rev 19:9	Homilies on Exodus 11.7 · Origen	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 19:9	Church History 5.1.55 · Eusebius of Caesarea	echo, medium confidence	ca. 300–325
Rev 19:9	Sermon 231.5 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, low confidence	ca. 391-430

Revelation 19:10

So I fell at his feet to worship him. But he told me, “Do not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers who rely on the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:10	On the Good of Patience 24 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	256
Rev 19:10	Commentary on Romans 9:5 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 366–384
Rev 19:10	Question 91, section 6 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–384
Rev 19:10	Eleven Tractates 1.37 · Priscillian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380–385
Rev 19:10	Eleven Tractates 1.38 · Priscillian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380–385
Rev 19:10	Letter 102.20 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 386–430
Rev 19:10	On True Religion 55 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, high confidence	ca. 389–391
Rev 19:10	Sermon 273.7 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 391-430
Rev 19:10	Sermon 319.7 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 391-430
Rev 19:10	On Christian Doctrine 1.33 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, high confidence	Books 1–3 ca. 396–397; completed 426–427
Rev 19:10	Against Faustus the Manichaean 20.21 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 398–400
Rev 19:10	Tractates on the Gospel of John 13.2 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 406–420
Rev 19:10	City of God 10.19 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, high confidence	413–426

Revelation 19:11

Then I saw heaven standing open, and there before me was a white horse. And its rider is called Faithful and True. With righteousness He judges and wages war.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:11	Against Heresies 4.20.11 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
Rev 19:11	Against Noetus 15 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–230
Rev 19:11–13	Commentary on John 1.278 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:11–16	Commentary on John 2.42 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:11–13	Commentary on John 2.45 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:11–13	Commentary on John 2.46 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:11	Commentary on John 2.47 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:11	Commentary on John 2.48 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:11	Commentary on John 2.49 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:11	Commentary on John 2.51 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:11	Commentary on John 2.54 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:11–12	Commentary on John 2.58 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:11	Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.151 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Rev 19:11–13	To Quirinus 2.3 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Rev 19:11–16	To Quirinus 2.30 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Rev 19:11	Commentary on the Apocalypse 19.1 · Victorinus of Pettau	allusion, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 19:11	Divine Institutes 7.17.11 · Lactantius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 303–311
Rev 19:11	Divine Institutes 7.19.5 · Lactantius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 303–311
Rev 19:11	Epitome of the Divine Institutes 67.1 · Lactantius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 314–320
Rev 19:11	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 40.26.3 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 387-397

Revelation 19:12

He has eyes like blazing fire, and many royal crowns on His head. He has a name written on Him that only He Himself knows.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:12	Against Heresies 4.20.11 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
Rev 19:12	Against Noetus 15 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–230
Rev 19:12	Commentary on John 2.56 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:12	Commentary on John 2.57 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:12	Commentary on John 2.59 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:12	Commentary on John 2.60 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:12	Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.152 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Rev 19:12	Divine Institutes 4.7.2 · Lactantius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 303–311
Rev 19:12	Epitome of the Divine Institutes 37.8 · Lactantius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 314–320
Rev 19:12	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 40.26.3 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 387-397

Revelation 19:13

He is dressed in a robe dipped in blood, and His name is The Word of God.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:13	Against Heresies 4.20.11 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
Rev 19:13	Against Noetus 15 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–230
Rev 19:13	Commentary on John 2.43 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:13	Commentary on John 2.61 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:13	On the Trinity 13 · Novatian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 240–250
Rev 19:13	Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.151 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Rev 19:13	Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.152 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Rev 19:13	Question 91, section 9 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–384
Rev 19:13	Question 122, section 5 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–384
Rev 19:13	Eleven Tractates 1.33 · Priscillian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380–385

Revelation 19:14

The armies of heaven, dressed in fine linen, white and pure, follow Him on white horses.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:14	Against Heresies 4.20.11 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
Rev 19:14	Commentary on John 2.62 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:14	Commentary on John 2.63 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 19:14	Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.152 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Rev 19:14	Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.153 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Rev 19:14	Passion of Marian and James 12 · Anonymous	echo, low confidence	259
Rev 19:14	Commentary on the Apocalypse 19.1 · Victorinus of Pettau	allusion, high confidence	late 3rd century

Revelation 19:15

And from His mouth proceeds a sharp sword with which to strike down the nations, and He will rule them with an iron scepter. He treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God the Almighty.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:15	Against Heresies 4.20.11 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
Rev 19:15	Against Marcion 3.14 · Tertullian	allusion, medium confidence	207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Rev 19:15	Commentary on Matthew 32 · Hilary of Poitiers	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 353–355

Revelation 19:16

And He has a name written on His robe and on His thigh: KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:16	Epistle of the Apostles 3 · Anonymous	allusion, high confidence	ca. 140-170
Rev 19:16	6 · Anonymous	echo, medium confidence	180 (17 July)
Rev 19:16	6 · Anonymous	echo, medium confidence	Greek rendering of the Latin Passion; date uncertain
Rev 19:16	Against Heresies 4.20.11 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
Rev 19:16	Acts of Thomas 170 · Anonymous	echo, medium confidence	ca. 200–250
Rev 19:16	Commentary on Daniel 4.14 · Hippolytus of Rome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 202-204
Rev 19:16	Commentary on Daniel 4.24 · Hippolytus of Rome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 202-204
Rev 19:16	Homily on Luke 8 · Origen	allusion, low confidence	ca. 233–250
Rev 19:16	Homilies on Judges 6.3 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 19:16	Homilies on Leviticus 6.2 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 19:16	Homilies on Leviticus 12.2 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 19:16	Homilies on Numbers 11.4 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 19:16	Homilies on Numbers 12.3 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 19:16	Homilies on Numbers 28.4 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 19:16	Homilies on Jeremiah 8.6 · Origen	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 240
Rev 19:16	Commentary on the Song of Songs 0.84 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Rev 19:16	Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.206 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Rev 19:16	Against Celsus 8.4 · Origen	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 248
Rev 19:16	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 118 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Rev 19:16	Divine Institutes 4.12.17 · Lactantius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 303–311
Rev 19:16	Demonstration of the Gospel 8.2.41 · Eusebius of Caesarea	allusion, high confidence	ca. 314–324
Rev 19:16	On the Orthodox Faith against the Arians 2 · Gregory of Elvira	allusion, high confidence	ca. 360-392
Rev 19:16	Question 97, section 4 · Ambrosiaster	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–384
Rev 19:16	Letter 46.3 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 19:16	Letter 65.14 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 19:16	Eleven Tractates 1.30 · Priscillian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 380–385
Rev 19:16	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 40.26.3 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 387-397
Rev 19:16	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.19.3 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 387-397
Rev 19:16	Homily 14 · Gregory of Nyssa	allusion, high confidence	ca. 390–394
Rev 19:16	Sermon 86.10 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 391-430
Rev 19:16	Poem 21, lines 1–28 (XXI) · Paulinus of Nola	echo, low confidence	ca. 393–431
Rev 19:16	Letters 23.14 · Paulinus of Nola	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 394–413
Rev 19:16	Letters 25.3 · Paulinus of Nola	quotation, high confidence	ca. 394–413
Rev 19:16	Letters 37.6 · Paulinus of Nola	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 394–413
Rev 19:16	Letters 49.12 · Paulinus of Nola	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 394–413
Rev 19:16	Apology against Rufinus 1.23 · Jerome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 401–402
Rev 19:16	City of God 4.15 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, medium confidence	413–426
Rev 19:16	Commentary on Jeremiah 4.42 · Jerome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 414-419
Rev 19:16	Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 5 · Eucherius of Lyon	quotation, high confidence	ca. 420-430
Rev 19:16	Book 3, lines 302–326 · Sedulius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 425-450
Rev 19:16	Book 2, section 7 · Sedulius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 425-450
Rev 19:16	Book 3, section 26 · Sedulius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 425-450
Rev 19:16	Letter to Valerian, paragraph 14 · Eucherius of Lyon	echo, low confidence	ca. 432

Revelation 19:17

Then I saw an angel standing in the sun, and he cried out in a loud voice to all the birds flying overhead, “Come, gather together for the great supper of God,
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:17	Lines 909–932 · Commodian	allusion, medium confidence	3rd century (disputed)

Revelation 19:19

Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth with their armies assembled to wage war against the One seated on the horse, and against His army.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:19	Lines 979–1002 · Commodian	allusion, high confidence	3rd century (disputed)
Rev 19:19	Divine Institutes 7.19.7 · Lactantius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 303–311

Revelation 19:20

But the beast was captured along with the false prophet, who on its behalf had performed signs deceiving those who had the mark of the beast and worshiped its image. Both the beast and the false prophet were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:20	Sibylline Oracles 8.101ff. · Anonymous	echo, medium confidence	2nd-3rd cent.
Rev 19:20	Against Heresies 5.28.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons	allusion, high confidence	ca. 180–190
Rev 19:20	Against Heresies 5.30.4 · Irenaeus of Lyons	allusion, high confidence	ca. 180–190
Rev 19:20	On the Resurrection of the Flesh 25 · Tertullian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 208–212
Rev 19:20	Lines 979–1002 · Commodian	allusion, high confidence	3rd century (disputed)
Rev 19:20	Instructions 2.1 · Commodian	allusion, high confidence	3rd century (disputed)
Rev 19:20	Divine Institutes 7.19.6 · Lactantius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 303–311
Rev 19:20	Epitome of the Divine Institutes 67.1 · Lactantius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 314–320
Rev 19:20	Commentary on 1 Corinthians 15:52 · Ambrosiaster	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 366–384
Rev 19:20	Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.27.16 · Orosius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 417–418
Rev 19:20	Part 4, chapter 5 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450
Rev 19:20	Part 4, chapter 12 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	allusion, high confidence	ca. 445-450

Revelation 19:21

And the rest were killed with the sword that proceeded from the mouth of the One seated on the horse. And all the birds gorged themselves on their flesh.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 19:21	Commentary on the Apocalypse 19.1 · Victorinus of Pettau	allusion, medium confidence	late 3rd century