Exodus 9 in the early church
92 passages quote, allude to, or echo Exodus 9, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 3 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 16 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 32 · 33 · 35
Exodus 9:1
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him that this is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:1 | Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 9:1–12:36 | On the Life of Moses 309 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
| Exod 9:1–32 | Exodus, lines 296–318 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
Exodus 9:3
then the hand of the LORD will bring a severe plague on your livestock in the field—on your horses, donkeys, camels, herds, and flocks.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:3 | Preparation for the Gospel 8.10.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 9:3 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.12 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 9:3–7 | Demonstration 15.3 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Exod 9:3–7 | Oration 16.10 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Exod 9:3–6 | Sermon 8.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Exod 9:3–6 | Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.27.8 · Orosius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 417–418 |
Exodus 9:6
And the next day the LORD did just that. All the livestock of the Egyptians died, but not one animal belonging to the Israelites died.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:6 | Homilies on Exodus 4.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 9:6 | Homilies on Exodus 4.6 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 9:6 | Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.11 · Orosius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 417–418 |
| Exod 9:6 | Part 1, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Exodus 9:7
Pharaoh sent officials and found that none of the livestock of the Israelites had died. But Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not let the people go.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:7 | Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 9:7 | Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Exodus 9:8
Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “Take handfuls of soot from the furnace; in the sight of Pharaoh, Moses is to toss it into the air.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:8 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.12 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 9:8–10 | Oration 16.10 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Exod 9:8–11 | On the Life of Moses 349 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
| Exod 9:8–10 | Homily 3 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| Exod 9:8–10 | Sermon 8.6 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Exodus 9:9
It will become fine dust over all the land of Egypt, and festering boils will break out on man and beast throughout the land.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:9–10 | Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.27.9 · Orosius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 417–418 |
| Exod 9:9–10 | Part 1, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Exodus 9:10
So they took soot from the furnace and stood before Pharaoh. Moses tossed it into the air, and festering boils broke out on man and beast.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:10 | Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 9:10 | Homilies on Exodus 4.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 9:10 | Homilies on Exodus 4.6 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 9:10 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.31 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 9:10 | On the Duties of the Clergy 3.15 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Exod 9:10 | Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.11 · Orosius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 417–418 |
Exodus 9:11
The magicians could not stand before Moses, because the boils had broken out on them and on all the Egyptians.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:11 | Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 9:11 | Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 9:11 | Commentary on 2 Timothy 3:8–9 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
Exodus 9:12
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said to Moses.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:12 | On Prayer 29.16 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Exod 9:12 | Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 9:12 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.128 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Exod 9:12 | Life of Constantine 2.11.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 337–339 |
| Exod 9:12 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.16.9 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Exod 9:12 | Letter 85.2 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Exod 9:12 | On the Life of Moses 347 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 385–395 |
Exodus 9:13
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, stand before Pharaoh, and tell him that this is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:13 | Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Exodus 9:16
But I have raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power to you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:16 | On First Principles 3.1.14 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Exod 9:16 | Fragments on Genesis, column 83 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Exod 9:16 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 1.144 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Exod 9:16 | Commentary on Romans 7.16 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Exod 9:16 | Oration 16.4 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Exod 9:16 | Commentary on Romans 7:13 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, low confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Exod 9:16 | Commentary on Romans 9:17 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Exod 9:16 | Letter 120.10 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Exod 9:16 | Book of Heresies 128.1 · Philastrius of Brescia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380s |
| Exod 9:16 | Exposition of Psalm 118 10.35.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Exod 9:16 | Exposition of Psalm 118 18.7.4 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Exod 9:16 | Exposition of Psalm 118 19.10.3 · Ambrose | echo, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Exod 9:16 | Letter 186.17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Exod 9:16 | Letter 194.39 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Exod 9:16 | Enchiridion (Handbook on Faith, Hope, and Love) 99 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 421–423 |
| Exod 9:16 | On Grace and Free Will 20 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 426 |
Exodus 9:22
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven, so that hail may fall on all the land of Egypt—on man and beast and every plant of the field throughout the land of Egypt.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:22–25 | Sermon 8.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Exodus 9:23
So Moses stretched out his staff toward heaven, and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and lightning struck the earth. So the LORD rained down hail upon the land of Egypt.
Exodus 9:24
The hail fell and the lightning continued flashing through it. The hail was so severe that nothing like it had ever been seen in all the land of Egypt from the time it became a nation.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:24 | Homilies on Exodus 4.7 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 9:24 | Catechetical Lecture 9.5 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Exod 9:24 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.69.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Exod 9:24 | Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.12 · Orosius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 417–418 |
Exodus 9:26
The only place where it did not hail was in the land of Goshen, where the Israelites lived.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:26 | Letter 143.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Exodus 9:27
Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron. “This time I have sinned,” he said. “The LORD is righteous, and I and my people are wicked.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:27 | On Prayer 3.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Exod 9:27 | On Prayer 29.16 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Exod 9:27 | Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 9:27 | Commentary on Romans 5.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Exod 9:27 | Commentary on Romans 6.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Exod 9:27–28 | Against Novatian 12 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | after 251 (disputed) |
| Exod 9:27–28 | Against the Manichees, Greek continuation of book 3, Lagarde p. 74 · Titus of Bostra | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360s |
| Exod 9:27 | Letter 121.8 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Exod 9:27–28 | Book of Heresies 128.4 · Philastrius of Brescia | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380s |
Exodus 9:28
Pray to the LORD, for there has been enough of God’s thunder and hail. I will let you go; you do not need to stay any longer.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:28 | On Prayer 3.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Exod 9:28 | Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Exodus 9:29
Moses said to him, “When I have left the city, I will spread out my hands to the LORD. The thunder will cease, and there will be no more hail, so that you may know that the earth is the LORD’s.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:29 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 281 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Exod 9:29 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 283 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
Exodus 9:30
But as for you and your officials, I know that you still do not fear the LORD our God.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:30 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 281 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
Exodus 9:32
but the wheat and spelt were not destroyed, because they are late crops.)
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:32 | Fragment 5 · Peter of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 300–311 |
Exodus 9:33
Then Moses departed from Pharaoh, went out of the city, and spread out his hands to the LORD. The thunder and hail ceased, and the rain no longer poured down on the land.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:33 | On Prayer 3.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Exod 9:33 | On the Trinity 7.10 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| Exod 9:33–35 | Exodus, lines 319–347 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
Exodus 9:35
So Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not let the Israelites go, just as the LORD had said through Moses.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 9:35 | Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |