1 Peter 4 in the early church
173 passages quote, allude to, or echo 1 Peter 4, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19
1 Peter 4:1
Therefore, since Christ suffered in His body, arm yourselves with the same resolve, because anyone who has suffered in his body is done with sin.
1 Peter 4:2
Consequently, he does not live out his remaining time on earth for human passions, but for the will of God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:2 | Catechetical Lecture 4.37 · Cyril of Jerusalem | echo, medium confidence | ca. 350 |
| 1 Pet 4:2 | Liber Orsiesii 19 · Orsiesius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| 1 Pet 4:2 | Letter 164.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 4:2 | On Faith and Works 15 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
1 Peter 4:3
For you have spent enough time in the past carrying out the same desires as the Gentiles: living in debauchery, lust, drunkenness, orgies, carousing, and detestable idolatry.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:3 | On Pascha 50 · text not on this site · Melito of Sardis | echo, low confidence | ca. 160-180 |
| 1 Pet 4:3 | The Instructor 3.12.85 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 4:3 | Letter 164.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
1 Peter 4:4
Because of this, they consider it strange of you not to plunge with them into the same flood of reckless indiscretion, and they heap abuse on you.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:4 | Letter 164.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
1 Peter 4:5
But they will have to give an account to Him who is ready to judge the living and the dead.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:5 | 2 Clement 1.1 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| 1 Pet 4:5 | To the Philippians 2.1 · Polycarp of Smyrna | echo, low confidence | ca. 110–135 |
| 1 Pet 4:5–6 | Adumbrations on 1 Peter, paragraph 5 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | original ca. 200; Latin translation 6th century |
| 1 Pet 4:5 | Against Noetus 1 · Hippolytus of Rome | echo, low confidence | ca. 200–230 |
| 1 Pet 4:5 | Letter 164.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 4:5 | Letter 164.21 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
1 Peter 4:6
That is why the gospel was preached even to those who are now dead, so that they might be judged as men in the flesh, but live according to God in the spirit.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:6 | Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude 9.16.5 (93.5) · Hermas | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| 1 Pet 4:6 | Gospel of Peter (Akhmim fragment) 40 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 100–200 |
| 1 Pet 4:6 | Epistle of the Apostles 27 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 140-170 |
| 1 Pet 4:6 | Dialogue with Trypho 72.4 · Justin Martyr | echo, medium confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| 1 Pet 4:6 | Adumbrations on 1 Peter, paragraph 6 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | original ca. 200; Latin translation 6th century |
| 1 Pet 4:6 | Miscellanies 6.6.44 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 4:6 | On Christ and Antichrist 26 · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 200–215 |
| 1 Pet 4:6 | To Quirinus 2.27 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| 1 Pet 4:6 | Commentary on Romans 10:6–7 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| 1 Pet 4:6 | Letter 164.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 4:6 | Letter 164.11 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 4:6 | Letter 164.21 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 4:6 | Part 3, chapter 28 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
1 Peter 4:7
The end of all things is near. Therefore be clear-minded and sober, so that you can pray.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:7 | To the Philippians 7.2 · Polycarp of Smyrna | allusion, high confidence | ca. 110–135 |
| 1 Pet 4:7 | Letter 1 (= Leo, Ep. 22), chapter 1 · Flavian of Constantinople | allusion, medium confidence | 448-449 |
1 Peter 4:8
Above all, love one another deeply, because love covers over a multitude of sins.
1 Peter 4:10
As good stewards of the manifold grace of God, each of you should use whatever gift he has received to serve one another.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:10 | 1 Clement 38.1 · Clement of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| 1 Pet 4:10 | Adumbrations on 1 Peter, paragraph 6 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | original ca. 200; Latin translation 6th century |
| 1 Pet 4:10 | Letters to Virgins 1.11.10 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century |
| 1 Pet 4:10 | Commentary on Romans 8.7 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| 1 Pet 4:10 | Oration 14.24 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 4:10 | Letter 49.4 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 4:10 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.24.7 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 4:10 | Apostolic Constitutions 3.4.2 · Anonymous | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 4:10 | Eleven Tractates 4.76 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 4:10 | Letter 194.47 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 4:10 | Against Jovinianus 1.8 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
1 Peter 4:11
If anyone speaks, he should speak as one conveying the words of God. If anyone serves, he should serve with the strength God provides, so that in all things God may be glorified through Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory and the power forever and ever. Amen.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:11 | Letters to Virgins 2.6.1 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century |
| 1 Pet 4:11 | Homily on 1 Samuel 1.19 · Origen | echo, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 4:11 | Tractates on the Psalms 13.1 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
1 Peter 4:12
Beloved, do not be surprised at the fiery trial that has come upon you, as though something strange were happening to you.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:12 | Didache 16.5 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 50–150 (often ca. 100) |
| 1 Pet 4:12 | Acts of Andrew (Vatican fragments), chapter 17 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 150-200 (the Acts); the Martyrdom text is later |
| 1 Pet 4:12 | Who Is the Rich Man That Is Saved? 25.6 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–210 |
| 1 Pet 4:12 | Miscellanies 4.7.47 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 4:12 | Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting 12 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 211–213 |
| 1 Pet 4:12–14 | Letter 58.2 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 249/250–258 |
| 1 Pet 4:12–14 | To Fortunatus 9 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 253 or 257 |
| 1 Pet 4:12 | Apostolic Constitutions 5.6.3 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 380 |
1 Peter 4:13
But rejoice that you share in the sufferings of Christ, so that you may be overjoyed at the revelation of His glory.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:13 | To Diognetus 5.16 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 150–200 (disputed) |
| 1 Pet 4:13–14 | Adumbrations on 1 Peter, paragraph 6 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | original ca. 200; Latin translation 6th century |
| 1 Pet 4:13 | Miscellanies 4.7.47 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 4:13 | The Passion of Perpetua and Felicity 7 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 203 |
| 1 Pet 4:13 | Passion of Irenaeus of Sirmium 2 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 304 (6 April) |
| 1 Pet 4:13 | Apostolic Constitutions 8.12.4 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 4:13 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 136–138 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
1 Peter 4:14
If you are insulted for the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the Spirit of glory and of God rests on you.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:14 | Against Heresies 4.33.9 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| 1 Pet 4:14 | Miscellanies 4.7.47 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 4:14 | Exposition of Psalm 118 3.41.3 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
1 Peter 4:15
Indeed, none of you should suffer as a murderer or thief or wrongdoer, or even as a meddler.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:15–16 | To Quirinus 3.37 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| 1 Pet 4:15 | Divine Institutes 5.23.5 · Lactantius | echo, low confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| 1 Pet 4:15 | Oration 7.7 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 4:15–16 | Part 3, chapter 22 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
1 Peter 4:16
But if you suffer as a Christian, do not be ashamed, but glorify God that you bear that name.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:16 | Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude 9.28.5 (105.5) · Hermas | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| 1 Pet 4:16 | To the Philippians 8.2 · Polycarp of Smyrna | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 110–135 |
| 1 Pet 4:16 | To Autolycus 1.1 · Theophilus of Antioch | echo, low confidence | ca. 180–185 |
| 1 Pet 4:16 | Oration 7.7 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 4:16 | Question 102, section 28 · Ambrosiaster | echo, low confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| 1 Pet 4:16 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 43 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| 1 Pet 4:16 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.70.1 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
1 Peter 4:17
For it is time for judgment to begin with the family of God; and if it begins with us, what will the outcome be for those who disobey the gospel of God?
1 Peter 4:18
And, “If it is hard for the righteous to be saved, what will become of the ungodly and the sinner?”
1 Peter 4:19
So then, those who suffer according to God’s will should entrust their souls to their faithful Creator and continue to do good.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 4:19 | Oration II Against the Arians 9 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| 1 Pet 4:19 | On the Trinity 12.4 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| 1 Pet 4:19 | Sermon 344.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 4:19 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 3.17 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, medium confidence | ca. 401–415 |