2 Peter 3 in the early church
126 passages quote, allude to, or echo 2 Peter 3, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 3 · 4 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18
2 Peter 3:3
Most importantly, you must understand that in the last days scoffers will come, scoffing and following their own evil desires.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:3 | Against Jovinianus 1.39 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| 2 Pet 3:3–13 | City of God 20.18 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
2 Peter 3:4
“Where is the promise of His coming?” they will ask. “Ever since our fathers fell asleep, everything continues as it has from the beginning of creation.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:4 | 1 Clement 23.3 · Clement of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
2 Peter 3:6
through which the world of that time perished in the flood.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:6 | Commentary on the Apocalypse 4.2 · Victorinus of Pettau | echo, medium confidence | late 3rd century |
| 2 Pet 3:6–7 | Tractates 2.54.1 · Zeno of Verona | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362-380 |
| 2 Pet 3:6 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 3.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 401–415 |
| 2 Pet 3:6–7 | City of God 20.16 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | 413–426 |
| 2 Pet 3:6–7 | City of God 20.24 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
| 2 Pet 3:6–7 | Book 3, lines 49–74 · Claudius Marius Victor | echo, low confidence | ca. 425-430 |
2 Peter 3:7
And by that same word, the present heavens and earth are reserved for fire, being kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:7 | Martyrdom of Paul 3 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 150–200 |
| 2 Pet 3:7 | Second Apology 6 · Justin Martyr | echo, medium confidence | ca. 150–160 |
| 2 Pet 3:7 | On Baptism 8 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–206 |
| 2 Pet 3:7 | Fragments on Genesis, column 105 · Origen | allusion, low confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 2 Pet 3:7 | Lines 979–1002 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 3:7 | On the Trinity 8 · Novatian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 240–250 |
| 2 Pet 3:7 | Commentary on the Apocalypse 4.2 · Victorinus of Pettau | echo, medium confidence | late 3rd century |
| 2 Pet 3:7 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 73–74 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 3:7 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 3.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 401–415 |
| 2 Pet 3:7 | Part 4, chapter 19 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
2 Peter 3:8
Beloved, do not let this one thing escape your notice: With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day.
2 Peter 3:9
The Lord is not slow in keeping His promise as some understand slowness, but is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish but everyone to come to repentance.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude 8.11.1 (77.1) · Hermas | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | First Apology 28 · Justin Martyr | echo, medium confidence | ca. 150–155 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Second Apology 6 · Justin Martyr | echo, medium confidence | ca. 150–160 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Dialogue with Trypho 39.2 · Justin Martyr | echo, medium confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Octavius 34.12 · Minucius Felix | echo, low confidence | ca. 197–250 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Letter 55.22 · Cyprian of Carthage | echo, medium confidence | 249/250–258 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Homilies 9.19 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 4th century (reworking earlier material) |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Homilies 11.7 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 4th century (reworking earlier material) |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Recognitions 5.25 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Recognitions 10.49 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | On the Anger of God 21.10 · Lactantius | echo, medium confidence | ca. 313–314 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Tractates on the Psalms 144.14 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Paraenesis, or Exhortation to Penitence 6 · Pacian of Barcelona | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Paraenesis, or Exhortation to Penitence 12 · Pacian of Barcelona | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Commentary on Romans 5:8 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Commentary on Romans 13:4 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, low confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Question 102, section 8 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Letter 140.8 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.55.2 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Liber Orsiesii 6 · Orsiesius | echo, low confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Sermon 11.1 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Poem 32, lines 221–255 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Letter 30, chapter 6 · Innocent I, bishop of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | 401–417 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 101.6 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | On the Christian Life 2 · Fastidius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 411-430 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | On Patience 1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, low confidence | ca. 415 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Book 2, lines 422–444 · Claudius Marius Victor | echo, low confidence | ca. 425-430 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | Sermon 167 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| 2 Pet 3:9 | On the Governance of God 8.7 · Salvian of Marseilles | allusion, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |
2 Peter 3:10
But the Day of the Lord will come like a thief. The heavens will disappear with a roar, the elements will be destroyed by fire, and the earth and its works will be laid bare.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:10 | 2 Clement 16.3 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| 2 Pet 3:10–12 | Martyrdom of Paul 5 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 150–200 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Sibylline Oracles 7.121ff. · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 2nd-3rd cent. |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Sibylline Oracles 8.231ff. · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 2nd-3rd cent. |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Sibylline Oracles 8.331ff. · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 2nd-3rd cent. |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | On the Sole Government of God 3 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 2nd–3rd century (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Who Is the Rich Man That Is Saved? 37.5 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, low confidence | ca. 190–210 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Miscellanies 5.1.9 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, low confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Miscellanies 5.14.121 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Octavius 34.5 · Minucius Felix | echo, low confidence | ca. 197–250 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | On the Shows 30 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 197–202 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | On Christ and Antichrist 5 · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 200–215 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Instructions 2.2 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Instructions 2.4 · Commodian | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Instructions 2.39 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | On Rebaptism 17 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 250–258 (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Res. 1.47 · Methodius of Olympus | echo, low confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Recognitions 2.68 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| 2 Pet 3:10–12 | Poem 6 (To Flavius Felix on the Resurrection of the Dead), lines 300–326 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 4th-5th cent. (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | On the Anger of God 23.5 · Lactantius | echo, medium confidence | ca. 313–314 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Preparation for the Gospel 13.13.48 · Eusebius of Caesarea | echo, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Oration to the Assembly of the Saints 18.3 · Constantine the Great | echo, medium confidence | ca. 325 (dated variously 317–325) |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Preface, lines 1–27 · Juvencus | echo, medium confidence | ca. 330 |
| 2 Pet 3:10–12 | Cento, lines 493–516 · Proba | allusion, low confidence | ca. 360 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Letter 6 · Basil of Caesarea | echo, low confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.39.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| 2 Pet 3:10–12 | Book of Heresies 80.8 · Philastrius of Brescia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380s |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | On Elijah and Fasting 78 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Sermon 81.9 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 2 Pet 3:10–12 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 93–94 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 3:10–11 | City of God 20.24 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
| 2 Pet 3:10–12 | Apologetic Book 15.1 · Orosius | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 415–416 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Commonitorium 2.331–360 · Orientius of Auch | echo, medium confidence | ca. 420-450 |
| 2 Pet 3:10 | Letter to Valerian, paragraph 21 · Eucherius of Lyon | echo, low confidence | ca. 432 |
2 Peter 3:11
Since everything will be destroyed in this way, what kind of people ought you to be? You ought to conduct yourselves in holiness and godliness
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:11 | On Faith and Works 22 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
2 Peter 3:12
as you anticipate and hasten the coming of the day of God, when the heavens will be destroyed by fire and the elements will melt in the heat.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:12 | 2 Clement 16.3 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| 2 Pet 3:12 | Instructions 2.4 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 3:12 | On Faith and Works 22 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| 2 Pet 3:12 | Part 4, chapter 19 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
2 Peter 3:13
But in keeping with God’s promise, we are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth, where righteousness dwells.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:13 | Commentary on John 10.229 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| 2 Pet 3:13 | Instructions 2.4 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 3:13 | On the Trinity 2 · Novatian | allusion, low confidence | ca. 240–250 |
| 2 Pet 3:13 | Recognitions 8.12 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| 2 Pet 3:13 | Homilies on Matthew 31.5 · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
| 2 Pet 3:13 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 95–96 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 3:13 | On Faith and Works 22 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| 2 Pet 3:13 | To the Church 2.48 · Salvian of Marseilles | allusion, high confidence | ca. 435-440 |
| 2 Pet 3:13 | Part 5, chapter 1 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
2 Peter 3:14
Therefore, beloved, as you anticipate these things, make every effort to be found at peace—spotless and blameless in His sight.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:14–16 | Letter 214.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 2 Pet 3:14 | On Faith and Works 22 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
2 Peter 3:15
Consider also that our Lord’s patience brings salvation, just as our beloved brother Paul also wrote you with the wisdom God gave him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:15 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.25.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| 2 Pet 3:15 | On Faith and Works 22 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
2 Peter 3:16
He writes this way in all his letters, speaking in them about such matters. Some parts of his letters are hard to understand, which ignorant and unstable people distort, as they do the rest of the Scriptures, to their own destruction.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:16 | Miscellanies 3.4.39 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 2 Pet 3:16 | Letter to Amun 1 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | before 356 |
| 2 Pet 3:16 | Commentary on Romans 1:11 · Ambrosiaster | echo, low confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| 2 Pet 3:16 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.25.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| 2 Pet 3:16 | On Faith and Works 22 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| 2 Pet 3:16 | On Faith and Works 26 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| 2 Pet 3:16–17 | Letter 1 (= Leo, Ep. 22), chapter 2 · Flavian of Constantinople | allusion, high confidence | 448-449 |
2 Peter 3:17
Therefore, beloved, since you already know these things, be on your guard so that you will not be carried away by the error of the lawless and fall from your secure standing.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:17 | On Faith and Works 22 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
2 Peter 3:18
But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To Him be the glory both now and to the day of eternity. Amen.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 3:18 | On Faith and Works 22 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |