Ezekiel 33 in the early church
[Vulgate: Ezechiel]
149 passages quote, allude to, or echo Ezekiel 33, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 2 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 20 · 22
Ezekiel 33:2
“Son of man, speak to your people and tell them: ‘Suppose I bring the sword against a land, and the people of that land choose a man from among them, appointing him as their watchman,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:2–6 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.6.9 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Ezek 33:2–9 | Sermon 339.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Ezekiel 33:5
Since he heard the sound of the horn but failed to heed the warning, his blood will be on his own head. If he had heeded the warning, he would have saved his life.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:5 | Commentary on 1 Corinthians 15:30–31 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
Ezekiel 33:6
But if the watchman sees the sword coming and fails to blow the horn to warn the people, and the sword comes and takes away a life, then that one will be taken away in his iniquity, but I will hold the watchman accountable for his blood.’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:6–8 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 3.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Ezek 33:6 | Demonstration 7.26 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Ezek 33:6 | Demonstration 14.16 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Ezek 33:6 | Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Ezek 33:6–9 | Oration 16.15 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Ezek 33:6 | Letter 95.1 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ezek 33:6–9 | Sermon 40.8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ezek 33:6 | Sermon 151.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ezek 33:6 | Sermon 359.9 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ezek 33:6 | Letters 2.1 · Anastasius I | echo, low confidence | ca. 400-402 |
| Ezek 33:6 | City of God 1.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
Ezekiel 33:7
As for you, O son of man, I have made you a watchman for the house of Israel; so hear the word from My mouth and give them the warning from Me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:7 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.6.8 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Ezek 33:7 | Sermon 40.6 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ezek 33:7–9 | Sermon 46.20 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ezek 33:7–9 | Sermon 137.14 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Ezekiel 33:8
If I say to the wicked, ‘O wicked man, you will surely die,’ but you do not speak out to dissuade him from his way, then that wicked man will die in his iniquity, yet I will hold you accountable for his blood.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:8–9 | Demonstration 7.10 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Ezek 33:8–9 | On Saint Athanasius 2.22 · Lucifer of Cagliari | echo, low confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| Ezek 33:8–9 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.6.9 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Ezek 33:8–9 | Sermon 17.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ezek 33:8–9 | Sermon 376.4 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ezek 33:8 | On Rebuke and Grace 16 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 427 |
Ezekiel 33:9
But if you warn the wicked man to turn from his way, and he does not turn from it, he will die in his iniquity, but you will have saved your life.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:9 | Commentary on 1 Corinthians 15:30–31 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Ezek 33:9 | Commentary on Galatians 4:12 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Ezek 33:9 | Letter 29.8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Ezekiel 33:10
Now as for you, son of man, tell the house of Israel that this is what they have said: ‘Our transgressions and our sins are heavy upon us, and we are wasting away because of them! How can we live?’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:10 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 113 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Ezek 33:10–11 | Against Novatian 10 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | after 251 (disputed) |
| Ezek 33:10 | Letter 122.1 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ezek 33:10 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.20.5 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Ezek 33:10–11 | Sermon 40.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ezek 33:10 | Sermon 40.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Ezekiel 33:11
Say to them: ‘As surely as I live, declares the Lord GOD, I take no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but rather that the wicked should turn from their ways and live. Turn! Turn from your evil ways! For why should you die, O house of Israel?’
Ezekiel 33:12
Therefore, son of man, say to your people: ‘The righteousness of the righteous man will not deliver him in the day of his transgression; neither will the wickedness of the wicked man cause him to stumble on the day he turns from his wickedness. Nor will the righteous man be able to survive by his righteousness on the day he sins.’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:12 | Dialogue with Trypho 47.5 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Ezek 33:12 | Commentary on Matthew 12.30 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Ezek 33:12–13 | On Rebaptism 13 · Anonymous | allusion, low confidence | ca. 250–258 (disputed) |
| Ezek 33:12 | Against Novatian 13 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | after 251 (disputed) |
| Ezek 33:12 | To Fortunatus 8 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 253 or 257 |
| Ezek 33:12 | On the Good of Patience 13 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 256 |
| Ezek 33:12 | Life of Antony 18 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Ezek 33:12 | Against the Arians 23 · Phoebadius of Agen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357-358 |
| Ezek 33:12 | Three Letters to Sympronianus 3.16 · Pacian of Barcelona | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| Ezek 33:12 | Commentary on Romans 14:16 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Ezek 33:12 | Question 102, section 20 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Ezek 33:12 | Question 126, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Ezek 33:12 | Letter 54.6 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ezek 33:12 | Letter 122.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ezek 33:12 | Letter 148.32 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ezek 33:12 | On the Christian Life 2 · Fastidius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 411-430 |
| Ezek 33:12 | Apologetic Book 14.1 · Orosius | allusion, low confidence | ca. 415–416 |
| Ezek 33:12 | To the Church 4.9 · Salvian of Marseilles | allusion, high confidence | ca. 435-440 |
Ezekiel 33:13
If I tell the righteous man that he will surely live, but he then trusts in his righteousness and commits iniquity, then none of his righteous works will be remembered; he will die because of the iniquity he has committed.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:13 | The Conferences 17.25 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Ezekiel 33:14
But if I tell the wicked man, ‘You will surely die,’ and he turns from his sin and does what is just and right—
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:14–16 | Sermon 20.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Ezek 33:14 | The Conferences 17.25 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Ezekiel 33:15
if he restores a pledge, makes restitution for what he has stolen, and walks in the statutes of life without practicing iniquity—then he will surely live; he will not die.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:15 | Question 102, section 20 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, low confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Ezek 33:15 | The Conferences 17.25 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Ezekiel 33:16
None of the sins he has committed will be held against him. He has done what is just and right; he will surely live.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:16 | The Conferences 17.25 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Ezekiel 33:20
Yet you say, ‘The way of the Lord is not just.’ But I will judge each of you according to his ways, O house of Israel.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:20 | Dialogue with Trypho 47.5 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
Ezekiel 33:22
Now the evening before the fugitive arrived, the hand of the LORD was upon me, and He opened my mouth before the man came to me in the morning. So my mouth was opened and I was no longer mute.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 33:22 | Demonstration 14.45 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Ezek 33:22 | Letter 123.12 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |