Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.3.1–1.20.6
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 1, chapter 3
1.3.1CSEL 5:40–41
Cum post fabricam ornatumque mundi huius homo, quem rectum atque inmaculatum fecerat Deus, ac perinde humanum genus libidinibus deprauatum peccatis obsorduisset, continuo iniustam licentiam iusta punitio consecuta est.
When, after the making and adorning of this world, man, whom God had made upright and spotless, and consequently the human race, depraved by lusts, had grown filthy with sins, a just punishment at once followed the unjust licence.
Eccl 7:29 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Man, made upright, sinned, and punishment followed at once.
- 'God made man upright' recalls Eccl 7:29.
Topics: The fall
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.3.1 (CSEL 5:40–41; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-3-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.3.2CSEL 5:41
sententiam creatoris Dei et iudicis peccanti homini ac terrae propter hominem destinatam semperque dum homines terram habitauerint duraturam omnes inuiti licet aut probamus negando aut confitendo toleramus, obstinatisque mentibus testis sibi infirmitas sua inurit, quibus fideliter scriptura non suaserit.
The sentence of God the creator and judge, appointed for sinning man and for the earth because of man, and lasting as long as men shall inhabit the earth, we all, however unwillingly, either prove by denying it or bear by confessing it; and on obstinate minds their own weakness brands its testimony, where Scripture has not faithfully persuaded them.
Gen 3:17 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Everyone experiences God's sentence on man and the earth, whether they admit it or not.
- Gen 3:17–19.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip ant for aut): ant confitendo → aut confitendo.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.3.2 (CSEL 5:41; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-3-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.3.3CSEL 5:41
deinde refuso in omnem terram mari inmissoque diluuio, cum toto orbe contecto unum spatium caeli esset ac pelagi, deletum fuisse uniuersum humanum genus, paucis in arca fidei suae merito ad substituendam originem reseruatis, euidentissime ueracissimi scriptores docent.
Then, when the sea was poured back over the whole earth and the flood sent upon it, so that the whole world was covered and sky and sea were a single space, the whole human race was destroyed, a few being preserved in the ark by the merit of their faith to restore the stock: this the most truthful writers teach most clearly.
Gen 7:19 (allusion, high confidence) · Heb 11:7 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The flood destroyed mankind except the few in the ark.
- Gen 6–8; cf. Heb 11:7.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.3.3 (CSEL 5:41; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-3-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.3.4CSEL 5:41
fuisse tamen etiam illi contestati sunt, qui praeterita quidem tempora ipsumque auctorem temporum nescientes, tamen ex indicio et coniectura lapidum, quos in remotis montibus conchis et ostreis scabros, saepe etiam cauatos aquis uisere solemus, coniciendo didicerunt.
Yet even those have testified that it happened who, though they knew neither past times nor the very Author of time, nevertheless learned it by inference from the evidence of the stones which we often see on remote mountains, rough with shells and oysters and often hollowed out by water.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pagan writers too inferred the flood from shells found on mountains.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.3.4 (CSEL 5:41; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-3-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.3.5CSEL 5:41–42
et quamuis huiusmodi adhuc et relatu digna et fide certa proferri a nobis queant, tamen haec ueluti principalia duo de praeuaricatione primi hominis et condemnatione generationis uitaeque eius ac deinde de perditione totius generis humani dicta sufficiant,
And although further things of this kind, both worth telling and of sure credit, could still be brought forward by us, let these two, as it were the chief ones, suffice: the transgression of the first man and the condemnation of his offspring and his life, and then the destruction of the whole human race,
Notes and citation
Summary: The fall and the flood suffice as the chief examples.
Topics: The fall
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.3.5 (CSEL 5:41–42; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-3-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.3.6CSEL 5:42
tantum ut, si qua gentiles historici de nostris aliquo ordine contigerunt, haec plenius cum ceteris ipso quo incurrerint ordine proferantur.
only so that, if the gentile historians have touched on any of our events in any order, these may be set out more fully along with the rest, in the very order in which they occur.
Notes and citation
Summary: Biblical events will be told where the pagan histories touch them.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.3.6 (CSEL 5:42; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-3-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-3-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 4
1.4.1CSEL 5:42
Anno ante urbem conditam MCCC Ninus rex Assyriorum primus ut ipsi uolunt propagandae dominationis libidine arma foras extulit cruentamque uitam quinquaginta annis per totam Asiam bellis egit;
In the 1300th year before the founding of the City, Ninus, king of the Assyrians, the first, as they themselves would have it, carried arms abroad out of lust for extending his dominion, and spent a bloody life of fifty years in wars throughout all Asia.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ninus of Assyria began wars of conquest throughout Asia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.4.1 (CSEL 5:42; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.4.2CSEL 5:42–43
a meridie atque a Rubro mari surgens, sub ultimo septentrione Euxinum pontum uastando perdomuit, Scythicamque barbariem, adhuc tunc inbellem et innocentem, torpentem excitare saeuitiam, uires suas nosse, et non lacte iam pecudum sed sanguinem hominum bibere, ad postremum uincere dum uincitur edocuit.
Rising from the south and from the Red Sea, he ravaged and subdued the Euxine Sea in the far north, and he taught the barbarism of Scythia, until then unwarlike and innocent, to rouse its sluggish savagery, to know its strength, to drink no longer the milk of cattle but the blood of men, and at last to conquer while being conquered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ninus taught the peaceful Scythians to make war.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.4.2 (CSEL 5:42–43; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.4.3CSEL 5:43
nouissime Zoroastrem Bactrianorum regem eundemque magicae ut ferunt artis repertorem pugna oppressum interfecit. post ipse, dum deficientem a se oppugnat urbem, sagitta ictus interiit.
Last of all he overcame in battle and killed Zoroaster, king of the Bactrians, who, they say, was also the inventor of the art of magic. Afterwards he himself, while besieging a city that had revolted from him, was struck by an arrow and died.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ninus killed Zoroaster and was later killed by an arrow.
- Orosius here follows Justin's *Epitome* of Pompeius Trogus (1.1–2).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.4.3 (CSEL 5:43; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.4.4CSEL 5:43
huic mortuo Samiramis uxor successit, uirum animo, habitu filium gerens, auidosque iam usu sanguinis populos, per duos et quadraginta annos caedibus gentium exercuit.
After his death his wife Semiramis succeeded him, a man in spirit, in dress her son, and for forty-two years she exercised peoples already greedy for blood by habit in the slaughter of nations.
Notes and citation
Summary: Semiramis succeeded Ninus and continued his wars.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.4.4 (CSEL 5:43; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.4.5CSEL 5:43
non contenta terminis mulier, quos a uiro suo tunc solo bellatore in quinquaginta annis adquisitos susceperat, Aethiopiam bello pressam, sanguine interlitam, imperio adiecit. Indis quoque bellum intulit, quo praeter illam et Alexandrum Magnum nullus intrauit.
Not content with the boundaries which she had received from her husband, then the only warrior, acquired in fifty years, the woman added to her empire Ethiopia, crushed by war and smeared with blood. She also made war on the Indians, whose land no one but she and Alexander the Great ever entered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Semiramis conquered Ethiopia and invaded India.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.4.5 (CSEL 5:43; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.4.6CSEL 5:43–44
quod eo tempore ideo crudelius grauiusque erat quam nunc est, persequi et trucidare populos in pace uiuentes, quia tunc apud illos nec foris erant ulla incendia bellorum, nec domi tanta exercitia cupiditatum.
At that time it was crueller and graver than it is now to pursue and slaughter peoples living in peace, because then among them there were neither any fires of war abroad nor such exercise of greed at home.
Notes and citation
Summary: Attacking peaceful peoples was then all the crueller.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.4.6 (CSEL 5:43–44; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.4.7CSEL 5:44
haec, libidine ardens, sanguinem sitiens, inter incessabilia et stupra et homicidia, cum omnes quos regie arcessitos, meretricie habitos, concubitu oblectasset occideret, tandem filio flagitiose concepto impie exposito inceste cognito priuatam ignominiam publico scelere obtexit.
This woman, burning with lust and thirsting for blood, amid unceasing debaucheries and murders, killing all whom she had summoned in royal fashion, treated in harlot fashion, and enjoyed in bed, at last, having shamefully conceived a son, impiously exposed him, and incestuously known him, covered her private disgrace with a public crime.
Notes and citation
Summary: Semiramis's lust ended in incest with her son.
Topics: Sexual morality
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.4.7 (CSEL 5:44; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.4.8CSEL 5:44
praecepit enim, ut inter parentes ac filios nulla delata reuerentia naturae de coniugiis adpetendis ut cuique libitum esset liberum fieret.
For she decreed that between parents and children, no regard for nature being paid, everyone should be free to seek marriage as he pleased.
Notes and citation
Summary: She legalized marriage between parents and children.
Topics: Marriage, Sexual morality
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.4.8 (CSEL 5:44; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-4-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 5
1.5.1CSEL 5:44
Anno ante urbem conditam MCLX confinem Arabiae regionem quae tunc Pentapolis uocabatur arsisse penitus igne caelesti inter alios etiam Cornelius Tacitus refert, qui sic ait:
In the 1160th year before the founding of the City, the region bordering Arabia, which was then called the Pentapolis, was wholly burned by fire from heaven, as Cornelius Tacitus, among others, reports. He says:
Notes and citation
Summary: Tacitus records the burning of the Pentapolis by fire from heaven.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.5.1 (CSEL 5:44; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.5.2CSEL 5:44–45
Haud procul inde campi, quos ferunt olim uberes magnisque urbibus habitatos fulminum iactu arsisse; sed manere uestigia, terramque ipsam, specie solidam, uim frugiferam perdidisse.
"Not far from there are plains which, they say, were once fertile and inhabited by great cities, and were burned by the stroke of lightning; but traces remain, and the land itself, solid in appearance, has lost its power to bear fruit."
Notes and citation
Summary: Tacitus's description of the burned plains.
- Tacitus, *Histories* 5.7.
Extrabiblical texts: Tacitus, Hist. 5.7 (Tacitus; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.5.2 (CSEL 5:44–45; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.5.3CSEL 5:45
et cum hoc loco nihil de incensis propter peccata hominum ciuitatibus quasi ignarus expresserit, paulo post uelut oblitus consilii subicit et dicit:
And though in this place he said nothing about cities burned because of men's sins, as if he did not know of it, a little later, as though forgetting his plan, he adds:
Notes and citation
Summary: Tacitus later betrays more knowledge.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.5.3 (CSEL 5:45; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.5.4CSEL 5:45
Ego sicut inclitas quondam urbes igne caelesti flagrasse concesserim, ita halitu lacus infici terram et corrumpi reor.
"For my part, while I would grant that once famous cities were consumed by fire from heaven, I think the land is infected and corrupted by the exhalation of the lake."
Notes and citation
Summary: Tacitus grants that the cities burned by heavenly fire.
- Tacitus, *Histories* 5.7.
Extrabiblical texts: Tacitus, Hist. 5.7 (Tacitus; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.5.4 (CSEL 5:45; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.5.5CSEL 5:45
quo dicto inuitus licet de exustis urbibus, quae procul dubio peccatorum noxa conflagrauerunt, et scisse se et concessisse confessus palam prodidit non sibi cognitionis fidem defuisse sed exprimendae fidei uoluntatem. quod nunc a me plenius proferetur.
By this statement, though unwillingly, he confessed that he both knew and granted the burning of the cities, which doubtless were consumed for the guilt of sins, and openly revealed that what he lacked was not trustworthy knowledge but the will to express belief. This will now be set out more fully by me.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tacitus knew the truth but would not state it plainly.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.5.5 (CSEL 5:45; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.5.6CSEL 5:45–46
In confinio Arabiae et Palaestinae, qua dimissi altrinsecus montes subiectis campis excipiuntur, quinque ciuitates fuere Sodoma Gomorra Adama Seboim et Segor.
On the border of Arabia and Palestine, where the mountains sloping down on either side give way to the plains below, there were five cities: Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim and Zoar.
Gen 14:2 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The five cities of the plain.
- Gen 14:2.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.5.6 (CSEL 5:45–46; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.5.7CSEL 5:46
sed Segor ex his parua, illae amplae et magnae, quippe quibus et soli fecunditas suberat et Iordanes fluuius, per plana diffusus ac peropportune diuisus, augmentis ubertatis inpendebatur.
Of these Zoar was small, the others large and great, for they had the fertility of the soil beneath them, and the river Jordan, spread over the plains and divided most conveniently, was spent on increasing their abundance.
Gen 13:10 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The cities were rich, watered by the Jordan.
- Gen 13:10.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.5.7 (CSEL 5:46; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.5.8CSEL 5:46
huic uniuersae regioni, bonis male utenti, abundantia rerum causa malorum fuit. ex abundantia enim luxuria, ex luxuria foedae libidines adoleuere, adeo ut masculi in masculos operantes turpitudinem ne consideratis quidem locis condicionibus aetatibusque proruerent.
For this whole region, which used its goods badly, abundance of things was the cause of evils. For from abundance grew luxury, and from luxury foul lusts, so much so that males, working shamefulness with males, rushed headlong without even regard to places, conditions, or ages.
Rom 1:27 (quotation, high confidence) · Ezek 16:49 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Wealth bred luxury and homosexual vice in Sodom.
- 'Males working shamefulness with males' is Rom 1:27; cf. Ezek 16:49.
Topics: Ethics, Sexual morality
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.5.8 (CSEL 5:46; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.5.9CSEL 5:46
itaque iratus Deus pluit super hanc terram ignem et sulphur totamque regionem cum populis atque urbibus exustam, testem iudicii sui futuram, aeterna perditione damnauit,
So God in his anger rained fire and sulphur on this land, and condemned to eternal destruction the whole region, burned up with its peoples and cities, to be a witness of his judgment for the future,
Gen 19:24 (quotation, high confidence) · Jude 1:7 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: God rained fire and sulphur on the region.
- Gen 19:24–25; cf. Jude 7.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.5.9 (CSEL 5:46; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.5.10CSEL 5:46
ut nunc quoque adpareat quidem forma regionis sed inueniatur regio cineris, mediamque conuallem, quam Iordanes inrigauerat, nunc mare superfusum tegat.
so that now too the shape of the region indeed appears, but it is found a region of ashes, and a sea poured over it now covers the central valley which the Jordan had watered.
Notes and citation
Summary: The region is now ashes under the Dead Sea.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.5.10 (CSEL 5:46; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.5.11CSEL 5:46–47
tantumque de rebus ut putatur paruis diuinae indignationis accensum est, ut propter hoc, quod illi, male utentes bonis, fructus misericordiarum nutrimenta libidinum fecerant, terra quoque ipsa, quae has habuerat ciuitates, primum exusta ignibus, post oppressa aquis, in aeternam damnationem communi periret adspectui.
And so great was the divine indignation kindled over things thought small, that because those people, using goods badly, had made the fruits of mercy the nourishment of lusts, the very land that had held these cities, first burned by fire and then overwhelmed by water, perished from common sight to eternal damnation.
Notes and citation
Summary: For misusing God's gifts the land itself perished.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.5.11 (CSEL 5:46–47; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-5-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 6
1.6.1CSEL 5:47
Itaque nunc si placet hi, qui in Christum, quem nos iudicem saeculorum ostendimus, quantum in ipsis est sputa coniciunt, inter Sodomam et Romam discernant causas et conferant poenas; quae a me uel maxime ob hoc retractandae non sunt, quia omnibus notae sunt.
So now, if they please, let those who, as far as in them lies, spit upon Christ, whom we have shown to be judge of the ages, distinguish the causes between Sodom and Rome and compare the punishments; which I need not go over again, chiefly because they are known to all.
Notes and citation
Summary: Let the pagans compare Sodom's punishment with Rome's.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.6.1 (CSEL 5:47; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-6-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.6.2CSEL 5:47
et tamen quam libenter sententias eorum acciperem, si illi fideliter ita ut sentiunt faterentur.
And yet how gladly I would accept their opinions, if they would confess faithfully what they really think.
Notes and citation
Summary: He wishes the pagans would say what they really think.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.6.2 (CSEL 5:47; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-6-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-6-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.6.3CSEL 5:47
quamquam quia de temporibus Christianis rari et hoc in angulis murmurent, non usque adeo moleste accipiendum putem, cum totius populi Romani consona uoce parique iudicio sensus ac sermo sit cognitus.
Although, since only a few murmur about Christian times, and that in corners, I would not think it should be taken too seriously, when the feeling and the speech of the whole Roman people, with one voice and equal judgment, is known.
Notes and citation
Summary: Few complain about Christian times; the Roman people's real mind is known.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.6.3 (CSEL 5:47; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-6-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.6.4CSEL 5:47–48
adeo autem paruo quodam et leui motu haesitasse erga se parumper consuetudinem uoluptatum indubitatissime contestatus est, ut libere conclamaret, Si reciperet circum, nihil esse sibi factum, hoc est, nihil egisse Romae Gothorum enses, si concedatur Romanis spectare circenses.
For it has testified most beyond doubt that its accustomed pleasures were shaken for a little while only by a small and slight disturbance, so that it cried out freely: "If it gets back the circus, nothing has happened to it"; that is, the swords of the Goths did nothing at Rome if the Romans are allowed to watch the circus games.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Romans care only for their games, not the Gothic sack.
- The sack of Rome by Alaric's Goths in 410.
Topics: Games, shows, and the theatre
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.6.4 (CSEL 5:47–48; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-6-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.6.5CSEL 5:48
nisi forte, ut se habet apud plerosque hoc praecipue tempore qui ex longa requie uel paruam obortam sollicitudinem intolerabilem laborem putant, hasce clementissimas admonitiones quibus omnes aliquando perstringimur aliorum punitionibus auditis lectisque praeponunt.
Unless perhaps, as is the case with many, especially at this time, who after a long rest think even a small anxiety that arises an unbearable labour, they rank these most merciful admonitions, by which we are all touched at times, above the punishments of others that they have heard and read about.
Notes and citation
Summary: Many think their small troubles worse than others' great ones.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.6.5 (CSEL 5:48; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-6-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.6.6CSEL 5:48
quos saltem de hoc ipso exitu Sodomorum et Gomorraeorum moneo, ut discere atque intellegere queant, qualiter Deus peccatores punierit, qualiter punire possit, qualiter puniturus sit.
These at least I warn, from this very fate of Sodom and Gomorrah, that they may learn and understand how God has punished sinners, how he can punish, and how he will punish.
2 Pet 2:6 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Sodom shows how God punishes sinners.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.6.6 (CSEL 5:48; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-6-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-6-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 7
1.7.1CSEL 5:48
Anno ante urbem conditam MLXX Telchises et Caryathii peruicax proelium aduersus Foroneum, regem Argiuorum, et Parrhasios ancipiti spe sine fructu uictoriae gesserunt.
In the 1070th year before the founding of the City, the Telchines and the Caryatii fought a stubborn battle against Phoroneus, king of the Argives, and the Parrhasians, with doubtful hope and without the fruit of victory.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Telchines fought Phoroneus of Argos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.7.1 (CSEL 5:48; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-7-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-7-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.7.2CSEL 5:49
idemque Telchises post paululum bello uicti, patria profugi ignarique rerum, credentes quia se penitus a congressu totius humanae habitationis abstraherent, Rhodum insulam quae Offiussa antea uocabatur quasi tuta possessione ceperunt.
And a little later the same Telchines, defeated in war and fleeing their homeland, ignorant of the world, believing that they were withdrawing themselves entirely from contact with all human habitation, seized the island of Rhodes, which was formerly called Ophiussa, as a safe possession.
Notes and citation
Summary: The defeated Telchines settled Rhodes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.7.2 (CSEL 5:49; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-7-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-7-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.7.3CSEL 5:49
Anno ante urbem conditam MXL in Achaia saeuum diluuium uastatione plurima totius paene prouinciae fuit. quod quia Ogygii, qui tunc Eleusinae conditor et rex erat, temporibus effusum est, nomen loco ac tempori dedit.
In the 1040th year before the founding of the City there was a savage flood in Achaia, with the very great devastation of almost the whole province. Because it was poured out in the times of Ogyges, who was then founder and king of Eleusis, it gave his name to the place and the time.
Notes and citation
Summary: The flood of Ogyges in Achaia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.7.3 (CSEL 5:49; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-7-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-7-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 8
1.8.1CSEL 5:49–50
Anno ante urbem conditam MVIII fuisse apud Aegyptum primum insolitam fastidiendamque ubertatem deinde iugem atque intolerabilem famem, cui Ioseph uir iustus et sapiens diuina prouisione subuenerit, Pompeius historicus eiusque breuiator Iustinus docet, qui inter cetera
In the 1008th year before the founding of the City there was in Egypt first an unusual and wearisome abundance, then a continuous and unbearable famine, which Joseph, a just and wise man, relieved by divine foresight: so the historian Pompeius and his abridger Justin teach, who among other things
Gen 41:53 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Pagan historians record Joseph's relief of the Egyptian famine.
- Pompeius Trogus, abridged by Justin.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): qui inter cetera. → qui inter cetera.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.1 (CSEL 5:49–50; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.8.2CSEL 5:50
sic ait: Minimus aetate inter fratres Ioseph fuit; cuius excellens ingenium fratres ueriti, interceptum peregrinis mercatoribus uendiderunt.
says this: "Joseph was the youngest of his brothers; fearing his excellent intelligence, his brothers seized him and sold him to foreign merchants.
Gen 37:28 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin's account: Joseph sold by his brothers.
- Justin, *Epitome* 36.2.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.2 (CSEL 5:50; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.8.3CSEL 5:50
a quibus deportatus in Aegyptum, cum magicas ibi artes sollerti ingenio percepisset, breui ipsi regi percarus fuit. nam et prodigiorum sagacissimus erat et somniorum primus intellegentiam condidit, nihilque diuini iuris humanique ei incognitum uidebatur:
Carried off by them to Egypt, when he had there acquired the magic arts by his shrewd intelligence, he soon became very dear to the king himself. For he was most skilled in prodigies and was the first to establish the interpretation of dreams, and nothing of divine or human law seemed unknown to him,
Gen 41:39 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin's account: Joseph's skill in dreams.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.3 (CSEL 5:50; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.8.4CSEL 5:50
adeo ut etiam agrorum sterilitatem futuram ante multos annos prospiciens fruges congregasset: tantaque experimenta eius fuerunt, ut non ab homine, sed a Deo responsa uiderentur.
so much so that, foreseeing the barrenness of the fields many years ahead, he had gathered the crops; and so great were his proofs that his answers seemed to come not from a man but from God.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin's account: Joseph stored grain against famine.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.4 (CSEL 5:50; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.8.5CSEL 5:50
filius Ioseph Moyses fuit, quem praeter paternae scientiae hereditatem etiam formae pulchritudo commendabat. Sed Aegyptii cum scabiem et uitiliginem paterentur, responso moniti eum cum aegris, ne pestis ad plures serperet, terminis Aegypti pellunt.
Joseph's son was Moses, whom, besides the inheritance of his father's knowledge, the beauty of his appearance also commended. But when the Egyptians were suffering from scabies and leprosy, warned by an oracle, they drove him with the sick beyond the borders of Egypt, so that the plague might not creep on to more people."
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin's account: Moses, called Joseph's son, expelled with the sick.
- Justin makes Moses Joseph's son; Orosius corrects this account from Moses' own writings below.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.5 (CSEL 5:50; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.8.6CSEL 5:50–51
haec Iustinus. sed quoniam haec idem Moyses, quem isti sapientem scientemque fuisse adtestantur, plenius ueriusque tamquam per se suosque gesta conscripsit, primum fide eius atque auctoritate quam etiam isti probant horum ignorantia supplenda,
So far Justin. But since this same Moses, whom they attest to have been wise and learned, wrote these things more fully and more truly, as deeds done by himself and his people, first the ignorance of these writers must be supplied by his trustworthiness and authority, which even they approve;
Notes and citation
Summary: Moses' own account is more trustworthy than Justin's.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.6 (CSEL 5:50–51; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.8.7CSEL 5:51
dehinc sacerdotum Aegyptiorum fallax malitia confutanda est, qui uel astu, quod manifestius est, euidentem iram misericordiamque ueri Dei memoriae subtrahere conati sunt, particulatim expositione confusa, ne in contumeliam idolorum suorum eum colendum merito ostenderent, cuius consilio adnuntiata haec mala et auxilio euitata docuissent; uel forte, ut indulgentius accipiamus, obliti sunt.
then the deceitful malice of the Egyptian priests must be refuted, who either by cunning, which is more evident, tried to remove from memory the evident wrath and mercy of the true God by confusing the account piecemeal, so as not to show, to the insult of their idols, that he deserved to be worshipped by whose counsel, as they would have had to teach, these evils were foretold and by whose help they were avoided; or perhaps, to take it more indulgently, they forgot.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Egyptian priests suppressed the true God's part in the story.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.7 (CSEL 5:51; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.8.8CSEL 5:51
illius enim nostri Ioseph, qui fuit ueri Dei seruus et pro creatura domini sui pie intenteque sollicitus, prouisione ipsi abundabant frugibus quasi sacerdotes; sed, quia falsi sacerdotes erant, cum ceteris esurientibus non dolebant. enimuero cui placet, obliuiscitur: cui dolet, meminit.
For by the foresight of our Joseph, who was a servant of the true God and was devoutly and attentively concerned for the creatures of his Lord, they themselves, being priests, abounded in grain; but because they were false priests, they did not grieve with the others who were starving. Indeed, the one who is pleased forgets; the one who grieves remembers.
Gen 47:22 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The priests, well fed by Joseph's foresight, forgot him.
- Gen 47:22.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.8 (CSEL 5:51; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.8.9CSEL 5:51–52
quamquam huius temporis argumentum historiis fastisque reticentibus ipsa sibi terra Aegypti testis pronuntiat: quae tunc redacta in potestatem regiam restitutaque cultoribus suis, ex omni fructu suo usque ad nunc quintae partis incessabile uectigal exsoluit.
Yet, though histories and records are silent, the very land of Egypt bears witness for itself to the evidence of this time: for, brought then under the king's power and restored to its cultivators, it has paid down to now an unceasing tax of a fifth part of all its produce.
Gen 47:26 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Egypt still pays the fifth instituted by Joseph.
- Gen 47:26.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.9 (CSEL 5:51–52; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.8.10CSEL 5:52
fuit itaque haec fames magna sub rege Aegyptiorum Diopolita, cui nomen erat Amosis, quo tempore Baleus Assyrios, Argiuos Apis regebat.
This great famine, then, was under a king of the Egyptians of Diospolis, whose name was Amosis, at the time when Baleus ruled the Assyrians and Apis the Argives.
Notes and citation
Summary: The famine fell under King Amosis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.10 (CSEL 5:52; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.8.11CSEL 5:52
fuerunt autem ante annos famis septem praecedentes alii septem ubertatis anni. quorum affluentiam tanto neglegentius perituram quanto uberius natam Ioseph noster sollertia sua collegit et condidit totamque Aegyptum conseruauit.
Before the seven years of famine there were seven other preceding years of plenty. Their abundance, which would have perished the more carelessly the more richly it had arisen, our Joseph by his skill gathered and stored, and preserved all Egypt.
Gen 41:48 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Joseph stored the abundance of the seven good years.
- Gen 41:47–49.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.11 (CSEL 5:52; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.8.12CSEL 5:52
adquisiuit uniuersam Pharaoni pecuniam et Deo gloriam, reddens dispensatione iustissima cui uectigal, uectigal, cui honorem, honorem, omniumque pecora terras censusque collegit; ipsos autem, qui semet cum terris suis accipiendae stipis taxatione uendiderant, statuta quintae partis pactione laxauit.
He acquired all the money for Pharaoh and glory for God, rendering with most just management tax to whom tax was due, honour to whom honour; he gathered all their cattle, lands and property; but those who had sold themselves with their lands at the price of receiving their rations he released on the fixed agreement of a fifth part.
Rom 13:7 (quotation, high confidence) · Gen 47:20 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Joseph bought Egypt for Pharaoh and set the fifth.
- 'Tax to whom tax, honour to whom honour' is Rom 13:7; Gen 47:14–26.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.12 (CSEL 5:52; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.8.13CSEL 5:52–53
hunc Ioseph, quem constituit Deus Aegyptiis conseruatae salutis auctorem, quis credat ita in breui eorum excidisse memoriae, ut filios eius atque uniuersam cognationem paulo post seruitio addixerint, laboribus adfecerint, internecionibus profligarint?
Who would believe that this Joseph, whom God appointed for the Egyptians as the author of their preserved safety, so quickly fell from their memory that a little later they bound his sons and all his kin to slavery, afflicted them with labours, and ruined them with massacres?
Exod 1:8 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Egypt quickly forgot Joseph and enslaved his people.
- Exod 1:8–22.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.13 (CSEL 5:52–53; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.8.14CSEL 5:53
Quamobrem non est mirandum, si nunc quoque aliqui reperiuntur, qui cum a ceruicibus suis inpendentem gladium praetento Christiano nomine auerterint, ipsum nomen Christi, quo solo salui sunt, aut dissimulent aut infament grauarique se eorum temporibus adserant, quorum meritis liberantur.
It is no wonder, then, if now too some are found who, when they have turned aside the sword hanging over their necks by putting forward the Christian name, either conceal or defame the very name of Christ, by which alone they are saved, and claim that they are burdened by the times of those by whose merits they are set free.
Notes and citation
Summary: So too pagans saved by the name of Christ now slander it.
- In the sack of 410 pagans saved themselves by taking refuge in Christian churches.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): temporibus. adserant → temporibus adserant.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.8.14 (CSEL 5:53; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-8-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 9
1.9.1CSEL 5:53
Anno DCCCX ante urbem conditam Amphictyon Athenis tertius a Cecrope regnauit. cuius temporibus aquarum inluuies maiorem partem populorum Thessaliae absumpsit paucis per refugia montium liberatis, maxime in monte Parnaso, in cuius circuitu Deucalion tunc regno potiebatur,
In the 810th year before the founding of the City, Amphictyon reigned at Athens, third from Cecrops. In his times a flood of waters swept away the greater part of the peoples of Thessaly, a few being saved by taking refuge in the mountains, especially on Mount Parnassus, in whose region Deucalion then held the kingship,
Notes and citation
Summary: The flood of Deucalion in Thessaly.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.9.1 (CSEL 5:53; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-9-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-9-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.9.2CSEL 5:53–54
qui tunc ad se ratibus confugientes susceptos per gemina Parnasi iuga fouit aluitque; a quo propterea genus hominum reparatum ferunt.
who then received those fleeing to him on rafts, and sheltered and fed them on the twin ridges of Parnassus; for which reason they say the human race was restored by him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Deucalion sheltered the survivors on Parnassus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.9.2 (CSEL 5:53–54; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-9-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-9-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.9.3CSEL 5:54
tunc etiam in Aethiopia pestes plurimas dirosque morbos paene usque ad desolationem exaestuauisse Plato testis est.
Then too, Plato is witness, very many plagues and dreadful diseases raged in Ethiopia, almost to the point of desolation.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plagues in Ethiopia.
- The source in Plato is uncertain.
Extrabiblical texts: Plato (Plato (works); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.9.3 (CSEL 5:54; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-9-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-9-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.9.4CSEL 5:54
et ne forte diuisa tempora esse credantur irae Dei furorisque bellici, ea tempestate subactam Indiam Liber pater sanguine madefecit, caedibus oppleuit, libidinibus polluit, gentem utique nulli umquam hominum obnoxiam, uernacula tantum quiete contentam.
And lest it be thought that the times of God's wrath and of the fury of war are separate, at that time Father Liber subdued India, soaked it with blood, filled it with slaughter, and polluted it with lusts: a people that had never been subject to any man and was content only with its native quiet.
Notes and citation
Summary: Father Liber's bloody conquest of India.
- Father Liber is Bacchus (Dionysus).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.9.4 (CSEL 5:54; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-9-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-9-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 10
1.10.1CSEL 5:54
Anno autem ante Vrbem conditam DCCCV infanda Aegyptiis mala atque intolerabiles plagas incubuisse Pompeius Corneliusque testantur: qui quidem, cum haec ambo de Iudaeis referenda proponant, aliquantulum me pro sui diuersitate mouerunt.
In the 805th year before the founding of the City, Pompeius and Cornelius testify that unspeakable evils and unbearable plagues fell upon the Egyptians: and since both put these forward as things to be told about the Jews, they troubled me a little because of their disagreement.
Notes and citation
Summary: Trogus and Tacitus disagree about the plagues of Egypt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.1 (CSEL 5:54; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.2CSEL 5:54–55
ait enim Pompeius siue Iustinus hoc modo: Aegyptii cum scabiem ac uitiliginem paterentur, responso moniti Moysen cum aegris, ne pestis ad plures serperet, terminis Aegypti pellunt. dux igitur exulum factus sacra Aegyptiorum furto abstulit; quae armis repetentes Aegyptii domum redire tempestatibus conpulsi sunt.
For Pompeius, or Justin, speaks thus: "When the Egyptians were suffering from scabies and leprosy, warned by an oracle, they drove Moses with the sick beyond the borders of Egypt, so that the plague might not creep on to more people. Having become the leader of the exiles, he stole the sacred objects of the Egyptians; and the Egyptians, seeking to recover them by arms, were forced by storms to return home."
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin's version of the Exodus.
- Justin, *Epitome* 36.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): sacra. Aegyptiorum → sacra Aegyptiorum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.2 (CSEL 5:54–55; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.3CSEL 5:55
at uero Cornelius de eadem re sic ait: Plurimi auctores consentiunt orta per Aegyptum tabe, quae corpora foedaret, regem Bocchorim adito Hammonis oraculo remedium petentem purgare regnum et id genus hominum ut inuisum deis alias in terras auehere iussum.
But Cornelius says of the same matter: "Most authors agree that when a wasting disease which disfigured the body arose throughout Egypt, King Bocchoris approached the oracle of Hammon seeking a remedy and was ordered to purge his kingdom and to carry that race of men away to other lands as hateful to the gods.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tacitus's version: Bocchoris expelled the diseased people.
- Tacitus, *Histories* 5.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Tacitus, Hist. 5.3 (Tacitus; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.3 (CSEL 5:55; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.4CSEL 5:55
sic conquisitum collectumque uulgus postquam uastis locis relictum sit, ceteris per lacrimas torpentibus Moysen, unum exulum, monuisse, ne quam deorum hominumue opem exspectarent sed sibimet duci caelesti crederent, primo cuius auxilio praesentes miserias pepulissent.
So after the multitude had been sought out and gathered and left in waste places, while the rest lay stupefied in tears, Moses, one of the exiles, warned them not to expect any help from gods or men, but to trust themselves to him as a leader sent from heaven, by whose help they had first driven off their present miseries."
Notes and citation
Summary: Tacitus's version: Moses led the exiles.
- Tacitus, *Histories* 5.3. Orosius reads the last clause as referring to the past (see 1.10.5).
Extrabiblical texts: Tacitus, Hist. 5.3 (Tacitus; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.4 (CSEL 5:55; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.5CSEL 5:55–56
Itaque Cornelius dicit, quod ipsis Aegyptiis cogentibus Iudaei in deserta propulsi sint, et postea subiungit incaute, quia ope Moysi ducis in Aegypto miserias propulissent. quare ostenditur quaedam quae per Moysen strenue acta sunt fuisse celata.
So Cornelius says that the Jews were driven into the desert by the compulsion of the Egyptians themselves, and afterwards he adds incautiously that by the help of Moses as leader they had driven off their miseries in Egypt. This shows that certain things vigorously done through Moses were concealed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tacitus unwittingly admits that Moses delivered them.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.5 (CSEL 5:55–56; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.6CSEL 5:56
item Iustinus adserit pulsum aeque cum populo Moysen sacra Aegyptiorum fuisse furatum, quae Aegyptios armis recipere molientes, coactos tempestatibus ac repulsos, domum redisse. et hic aliquid amplius etsi non totum prodidit quod ille celauit.
Likewise Justin asserts that Moses, driven out with the people, stole the sacred objects of the Egyptians, and that the Egyptians, attempting to recover them by arms, were forced back by storms and returned home. He too has disclosed something more, though not all, of what the other concealed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin also reveals part of what was hidden.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.6 (CSEL 5:56; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.7CSEL 5:56
quapropter, quia Moysi magno illi duci testimonium ambo dixerunt, ab ipso sicut per eum et gesta et dicta sunt proferantur.
Therefore, since both bore witness to Moses, that great leader, let the events be set out from him, as they were both done and told by him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius will tell the Exodus from Moses' account.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.7 (CSEL 5:56; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.8CSEL 5:56
Cum populum Dei hoc est genus Ioseph Aegyptii, cuius ope salui erant, seruitio oppressum labore cruciarent, insuper etiam ad necandam subolem suam crudeli imperio cogerent, dimitti Deus populum suum liberum ad seruiendum sibi per Moysen nuntium iubet;
When the Egyptians were tormenting with labour the people of God, that is, the race of Joseph, by whose help they had been saved, oppressing them with slavery and, moreover, compelling them by a cruel command to kill their own offspring, God commanded through Moses as messenger that his people be sent away free to serve him;
Exod 1:11 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 1:22 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 5:1 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: God demanded through Moses the release of his oppressed people.
- Exod 1:11–22; 5:1.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.8 (CSEL 5:56; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.9CSEL 5:56
contemptusque durissimis contumaces suppliciis agit: qui decem plagis onerati ac protriti, tandem quos dimittere noluerant, etiam festinare coegerunt.
and, being despised, he drove the stubborn with the harshest punishments: and they, burdened and crushed by ten plagues, at last compelled those whom they had refused to send away even to hurry.
Exod 12:33 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: After ten plagues the Egyptians hurried Israel out.
- Exod 12:33.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.9 (CSEL 5:56; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.10CSEL 5:56–57
POST aquas in sanguinem uersas ardentibus siti grauiora adferentes poenarum remedia quam poenas, POST horridos ranarum squalores per omnia munda inmundaque reptantes, POST ignitas sciniphes et nusquam, toto aere uibrante, uitabiles,
After the waters turned to blood, which brought to those burning with thirst remedies worse than their punishments; after the horrid filth of frogs creeping over all things clean and unclean; after the stinging gnats, which, while the whole air quivered, could nowhere be avoided;
Exod 7:20 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 8:6 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 8:17 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The first plagues: blood, frogs, gnats.
- Exod 7:20–8:19.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.10 (CSEL 5:56–57; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.11CSEL 5:57
POST muscas caninas etiam per interiora membrorum horridis motibus cursitantes acerbeque inferentes tam grauia tormenta quam turpia, POST omnium pecorum et iumentorum repentinam ruinam stragemque generalem, POST uesicas efferuescentes ulceraque manantia et, ut ipsi dicere maluerunt, scabiem ac uitiliginem totis corporibus erumpentem,
after the dog-flies running about with horrid motions even through the inner parts of the limbs and bitterly inflicting torments as grievous as they were shameful; after the sudden ruin and general slaughter of all cattle and beasts of burden; after the boils breaking out and running sores and, as they themselves preferred to call it, scabies and leprosy breaking out over their whole bodies;
Exod 8:24 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 9:6 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 9:10 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The flies, the cattle plague, and the boils.
- Exod 8:21–9:11. 'As they themselves preferred to call it' refers to the pagan writers' 'scabies and leprosy' (1.10.2).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.11 (CSEL 5:57; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.12CSEL 5:57
POST grandinem cum igne permixtam, passim homines armenta atque arbores proterentem, POST lucustarum nubes, exhaustis omnibus ipsas quoque radices seminum persequentes. POST tenebras imaginibus diras.
after the hail mixed with fire, crushing men, herds and trees everywhere; after the clouds of locusts, which, when all was consumed, pursued even the very roots of the seeds; after the darkness, dreadful with apparitions,
Exod 9:24 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 10:15 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 10:22 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Hail, locusts, and darkness.
- Exod 9:23–10:23; the 'apparitions' in the darkness recall Wis 17:3–6.
Extrabiblical texts: Wis 17:3 (Wisdom of Solomon [in RC, EO, ETH canons]; echo)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.12 (CSEL 5:57; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.13CSEL 5:57
crassitudine palpabiles, diuturnitate ferales, postremo POST uniformem in tota Aegypto primitiuae subolis necem paremque per uniuersos orbitatum tempestatem — qui iubenti Deo non cesserant cessere punienti, sed mox pessima paenitentia dimissos persequi ausi, ultima nefandae peruicaciae expendere supplicia.
palpable in its thickness, deadly in its long duration; and last, after the uniform death of the firstborn offspring in all Egypt and an equal storm of bereavement over all: those who had not yielded to God commanding yielded to God punishing; but soon, in a most evil repentance, daring to pursue those whom they had released, they paid the final penalty of their wicked obstinacy.
Exod 10:21 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 12:29 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 14:5 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: After the death of the firstborn Egypt yielded, then pursued Israel.
- 'Palpable' darkness is Exod 10:21; the firstborn, Exod 12:29.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.13 (CSEL 5:57; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.14CSEL 5:57–58
nam rex eorum uniuersum Aegypti exercitum curribus atque equitibus instructum in circumerrantes egit, cuius numerum hoc solo uel maxime argumento conicere possumus, quod eum sescenta milia uirorum timuerunt atque fugerunt.
For their king drove the whole army of Egypt, equipped with chariots and horsemen, against the wanderers; its number we can estimate chiefly by this one argument, that six hundred thousand men feared it and fled.
Exod 14:7 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 12:37 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Pharaoh's army pursued six hundred thousand Israelites.
- Exod 12:37; 14:6–10.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.14 (CSEL 5:57–58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.15CSEL 5:58
sed protector depressorum et ultor contumacium Deus diuisit subito Rubrum mare ac dilatatis utrimque marginibus rigentium undarum in montis faciem latera erecta suspendit, ut inoffensi spe limitis prouocati, pii uiam desperatae salutis, impii foueam insperatae mortis intrarent.
But God, protector of the oppressed and avenger of the stubborn, suddenly divided the Red Sea and, the margins widened on either side, held up the walls of the stiffened waves raised like a mountain, so that, drawn on unhindered by hope of a road, the godly entered a way of salvation they had despaired of, the ungodly a pit of death they had not expected.
Exod 14:21 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 15:8 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: God divided the Red Sea.
- Exod 14:21–22; 15:8.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.15 (CSEL 5:58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.16CSEL 5:58
itaque Hebraeis tuto per sicca gradientibus, refusis a tergo aquarum adstantium molibus, obruta est et interfecta cum rege suo uniuersa Aegypti multitudo, totaque prouincia plagis ante cruciata hac postrema interfectione uacuata est.
So while the Hebrews walked safely on dry ground, the masses of the standing waters were poured back behind them, and the whole multitude of Egypt with its king was overwhelmed and killed; and the whole province, already tormented by the plagues, was emptied by this last slaughter.
Exod 14:28 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The sea returned and drowned the Egyptian army.
- Exod 14:28–29.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.16 (CSEL 5:58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.17CSEL 5:58
exstant etiam nunc certissima horum monumenta gestorum. nam tractus curruum rotarumque orbitae non solum in litore sed etiam in profundo, quousque uisus admittitur, peruidentur et, si forte ad tempus uel casu uel curiositate turbantur, continuo diuinitus in pristinam faciem uentis fluctibusque reparantur:
Very sure monuments of these deeds exist even now. For the tracks of the chariots and the ruts of the wheels are seen not only on the shore but also in the deep, as far as sight reaches; and if by chance they are disturbed for a time, by accident or curiosity, they are at once restored to their former appearance by divine power through winds and waves,
Notes and citation
Summary: Chariot tracks are still visible at the Red Sea.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.17 (CSEL 5:58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.18CSEL 5:58–59
ut, quisque non docetur timorem Dei propalatae religionis studio, ira eius transactae ultionis terreatur exemplo.
so that whoever is not taught the fear of God by zeal for the religion made known may be terrified by the example of his past vengeance.
Notes and citation
Summary: The tracks remain as a warning.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.18 (CSEL 5:58–59; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.10.19CSEL 5:59
his etiam temporibus adeo iugis et grauis aestus incanduit, ut sol per deuia transuectus uniuersum orbem non calore affecisse sed igne torruisse dicatur, inpressumque feruorem et Aethiops plus solitum et insolitum Scytha non tulerit; ex quo etiam quidam dum non concedunt Deo ineffabilem potentiam suam, inanes ratiunculas conquirentes ridiculam Phaethontis fabulam texuerunt.
In these times also so continuous and heavy a heat blazed that the sun, carried along off its course, is said not to have warmed the whole world with heat but scorched it with fire; and the Ethiopian could not bear the fervour pressed upon him beyond the usual, nor the Scythian a fervour unusual for him. From this also certain people, refusing to grant God his ineffable power, searching out empty little reasons, have woven the ridiculous fable of Phaethon.
Notes and citation
Summary: A great heat of the time gave rise to the Phaethon myth.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.10.19 (CSEL 5:59; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-10-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 11
1.11.1CSEL 5:59–60
Item anno ante Vrbem conditam DCCLXXV inter Danai atque Aegypti fratrum filios quinquaginta parricidia una nocte commissa sunt. ipse deinde tantorum scelerum fabricator Danaus regno, quod tot flagitiis adquisiuerat, pulsus Argos concessit, ibique indigne persuasis in facinus Argiuis Sthenelan qui eum profugum egentemque exceperat regno expulit atque ipse regnauit.
Likewise, in the 775th year before the founding of the City, fifty murders of kin were committed in one night among the sons of the brothers Danaus and Aegyptus. Then Danaus himself, the contriver of such crimes, driven from the kingdom he had gained by so many outrages, went to Argos; and there, having shamefully persuaded the Argives to crime, he drove from the kingdom Sthenelas, who had received him as a needy fugitive, and reigned himself.
Notes and citation
Summary: Danaus's daughters killed their husbands, and he usurped Argos.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Argiluis → Argiuis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.11.1 (CSEL 5:59–60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-11-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-11-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.11.2CSEL 5:60
Busiridis in Aegypto cruentissimi tyranni crudelis hospitalitas et crudelior religio tunc fuit; qui innocentum hospitum sanguinem diis scelerum suorum participibus propinabat: quod exsecrabile sine dubio hominibus uiderim an ipsis etiam diis exsecrabile uideretur.
Then there was the cruel hospitality and crueller religion of Busiris, the bloodiest tyrant in Egypt, who drank the blood of innocent guests in pledge to the gods who shared his crimes: I would like to know whether this, doubtless execrable to men, seemed execrable even to the gods themselves.
Notes and citation
Summary: Busiris sacrificed his guests.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.11.2 (CSEL 5:60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-11-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-11-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.11.3CSEL 5:60
tunc etiam Terei Procnae et Philomelae incesto parricidium adiunctum atque exsecrabilius utroque conuiuium per infandos cibos additum, cum propter sororis pudicitiam ereptam praecisamque linguam filium paruulum mater occidit, pater comedit.
Then too, to the incest of Tereus, Procne and Philomela was joined the murder of a kinsman, and a banquet of unspeakable food more execrable than both was added, when, because her sister's chastity had been taken and her tongue cut out, the mother killed her little son and the father ate him.
Notes and citation
Summary: The crimes of Tereus, Procne, and Philomela.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.11.3 (CSEL 5:60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-11-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-11-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.11.4CSEL 5:60
isdem temporibus Perseus a Graecia in Asiam transuectus est, ibi barbaras gentes graui diuturnoque bello domuit et nouissime uictor nomen subiectae genti dedit: namque a Perseo Persae sunt uocitati.
At the same time Perseus crossed from Greece into Asia; there he subdued barbarian peoples in a heavy and long war, and at last, as victor, gave his name to the conquered people: for from Perseus they were called Persians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Perseus conquered Asia and named the Persians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.11.4 (CSEL 5:60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-11-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-11-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 12
1.12.1CSEL 5:60–61
At ego nunc cogor fateri, me prospiciendi finis commodo de tanta malorum saeculi circumstantia praeterire plurima, cuncta breuiare. nequaquam enim tam densam aliquando siluam praetergredi possem, nisi etiam crebris interdum saltibus subuolarem.
But now I am forced to confess that, for the sake of reaching the end in view, I pass over very much from so great a crowd of the world's evils and abridge all. For I could never pass through so dense a forest unless I also flew over it at times with frequent leaps.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius must pass over much to finish.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.12.1 (CSEL 5:60–61; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.12.2CSEL 5:61
nam cum regnum Assyriorum per MCLX annos usque ad Sardanapallum per quinquaginta propemodum reges actum sit et numquam paene uel inferendis uel excipiendis usque ad id tempus bellis quieuerit, quis finis reperietur, si ea commemorare numerando, ut non dicam describendo, conemur?
For since the kingdom of the Assyrians lasted 1,160 years under nearly fifty kings down to Sardanapalus, and almost never rested until that time from waging or receiving wars, what end will be found, if we try to recall them by listing, not to say describing them?
Notes and citation
Summary: Assyria's 1,160 years of wars cannot all be told.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.12.2 (CSEL 5:61; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.12.3CSEL 5:61
praesertim cum et Graecorum praetereunda non sint et Romanorum uel maxime recensenda sint. nec mihi nunc enumerare opus est Tantali et Pelopis facta turpia, fabulas turpiores.
Especially since the affairs of the Greeks are not to be passed over, and those of the Romans must above all be reviewed. Nor do I need now to recount the shameful deeds of Tantalus and Pelops, and their more shameful fables.
Notes and citation
Summary: He will not recount Tantalus and Pelops.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.12.3 (CSEL 5:61; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.12.4CSEL 5:61
quorum Tantalus rex Frygiorum Ganymedem, Troi Dardaniorum regis filium, cum flagitiosissime rapuisset, maiore conserti certaminis foeditate detinuit, sicut Fanocles poeta confirmat, qui maximum bellum excitatum ob hoc fuisse commemorat:
Of these, Tantalus, king of the Phrygians, having most shamefully carried off Ganymede, son of Tros, king of the Dardanians, kept him with the still greater foulness of the struggle that was joined, as the poet Phanocles affirms, who records that a very great war was stirred up because of this:
Notes and citation
Summary: Tantalus's abduction of Ganymede caused a war.
- The phrase *maiore conserti certaminis foeditate* is obscure; it may refer to the war that followed or to the abuse itself.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.12.4 (CSEL 5:61; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.12.5CSEL 5:61–62
siue quia hunc ipsum Tantalum utpote adseculam deorum uideri uult raptum puerum ad libidinem Iouis familiari lenocinio praeparasse, qui ipsum quoque filium Pelopem epulis eius non dubitaret inpendere.
or because he would have this same Tantalus, as a follower of the gods, seem to have prepared the stolen boy for Jupiter's lust by a familiar pandering: he who did not hesitate to serve up even his own son Pelops at Jupiter's banquet.
Notes and citation
Summary: Or Tantalus procured Ganymede for Jupiter.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip sine for siue): sine quia hunc → siue quia hunc.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.12.5 (CSEL 5:61–62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.12.6CSEL 5:62
taedet etiam ipsius Pelopis contra Dardanum atque Troianos quamlibet magna referre certamina: quae quia in fabulis celebrari solita sunt, neglegentius audiuntur.
I am weary too of telling the contests of Pelops himself against Dardanus and the Trojans, however great: because they are commonly celebrated in fables, they are listened to more carelessly.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pelops's wars are too familiar to tell.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.12.6 (CSEL 5:62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.12.7CSEL 5:62
illa quoque praetereo, quae de Perseo Cadmo Thebanis Spartanisque per inextricabiles alternantium malorum recursus Palefato scribente referuntur.
I pass over also the things reported, in the writing of Palaephatus, about Perseus, Cadmus, the Thebans and the Spartans, through the inextricable recurrences of alternating evils.
Notes and citation
Summary: He passes over other Greek legends.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.12.7 (CSEL 5:62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.12.8CSEL 5:62
taceo flagitia Lemniadum, praetermitto Pandionis Atheniensium regis flebilem fugam, Atrei et Thyestis odia stupra et parricidia caelo quoque inuisa dissimulo.
I keep silent about the outrages of the Lemnian women, I pass over the lamentable flight of Pandion, king of the Athenians, I disregard the hatreds, debaucheries and murders of kin of Atreus and Thyestes, hateful even to heaven.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Lemnian women, Pandion, Atreus and Thyestes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.12.8 (CSEL 5:62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.12.9CSEL 5:62
omitto Oedipum interfectorem patris, matris maritum, filiorum fratrem, uitricum suum. sileri malo Eteoclen atque Polynicen mutuis laborasse concursibus, ne quis eorum parricida non esset.
I omit Oedipus, killer of his father, husband of his mother, brother of his sons, his own stepfather. I prefer that it be left unsaid that Eteocles and Polynices laboured in mutual attacks so that neither of them should fail to be a fratricide.
Notes and citation
Summary: Oedipus and his sons.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.12.9 (CSEL 5:62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.12.10CSEL 5:62–63
nolo meminisse Medeae, amore saeuo sauciae et pignorum paruulorum caede gaudentis, et quidquid illis temporibus perpetratum: conici datur, qualiter homines sustinuerint quod etiam astra fugisse dicuntur.
I do not wish to recall Medea, wounded by savage love and rejoicing in the slaughter of her little children, and whatever was done in those times: one may infer how men endured what even the stars are said to have fled.
Notes and citation
Summary: Medea and the horrors of that age.
- The sun was said to have turned back in horror at Atreus's banquet.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.12.10 (CSEL 5:62–63; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-12-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 13
1.13.1CSEL 5:63
Anno ante Vrbem conditam DLX atrocissimum inter Cretenses atque Athenienses certamen fuit, ubi populis utrimque infeliciter profligatis cruentiorem uictoriam Cretenses exercuerunt;
In the 560th year before the founding of the City there was a most fierce contest between the Cretans and the Athenians, in which, the peoples on both sides having been miserably crushed, the Cretans used a bloodier victory:
Notes and citation
Summary: War between Crete and Athens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.13.1 (CSEL 5:63; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-13-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-13-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.13.2CSEL 5:63
qui nobilium Atheniensium filios Minotauro, utrum fero homini an humanae bestiae aptius dicam nescio, deuorandos crudeliter addicebant atque informe prodigium effossis Graeciae luminibus saginabant.
they cruelly gave over the sons of noble Athenians to be devoured by the Minotaur (whether I should call it more fittingly a wild man or a human beast I do not know), and fattened that misshapen monster on the plucked-out lights of Greece.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athenian youths were fed to the Minotaur.
- 'The lights of Greece' are its noble youth.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.13.2 (CSEL 5:63; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-13-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-13-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.13.3CSEL 5:63
isdem diebus Lapithae et Thessali famosis nimium certauere conflictibus.
In the same days the Lapiths and the Thessalians fought in all too famous conflicts.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Lapiths fought the Thessalians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.13.3 (CSEL 5:63; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-13-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-13-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.13.4CSEL 5:63
sed Thessalos Palefatus in libro primo Incredibilium prodit ipsos a Lapithis creditos dictosque fuisse Centauros eo, quod discurrentes in bello equites ueluti unum corpus equorum et hominum uiderentur.
But Palaephatus, in the first book of his *Incredible Things*, reveals that the Thessalians themselves were believed and called Centaurs by the Lapiths, because as horsemen running about in war they seemed like one body of horses and men.
Notes and citation
Summary: Palaephatus explains the Centaurs as horsemen.
- Palaephatus, *On Incredible Things* 1.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.13.4 (CSEL 5:63; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-13-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-13-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 14
1.14.1CSEL 5:63–64
Anno ante Vrbem conditam CCCCLXXX Vesozes rex Aegypti meridiem et septentrionem, diuisas paene toto caelo ac pelago plagas, aut miscere bello aut regno iungere studens, Scythis bellum primus indixit missis prius legatis, qui hostibus parendi leges dicerent.
In the 480th year before the founding of the City, Vesozes, king of Egypt, eager either to embroil in war or to join in one kingdom the south and the north, regions divided by almost the whole sky and sea, was the first to declare war on the Scythians, having first sent envoys to tell the enemy the terms of submission.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vesozes of Egypt declared war on the Scythians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.14.1 (CSEL 5:63–64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-14-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-14-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.14.2CSEL 5:64
ad quae Scythae legatis respondent, stolide opulentissimum regem aduersus inopes sumpsisse bellum, quod timendum ipsi magis uersa uice fuerit propter incertos belli euentus nulla praemia et damna manifesta. porro sibi non exspectandum, dum ad se ueniatur, sed ultro praedae obuiam ituros.
To this the Scythians reply to the envoys that a most wealthy king had stupidly undertaken war against poor men, a war which on the contrary he himself should rather have feared, because of the uncertain outcome of war, with no rewards and manifest losses; furthermore, that they would not wait to be attacked, but would go out of their own accord to meet their plunder.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Scythians defied him.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.14.2 (CSEL 5:64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-14-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-14-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.14.3CSEL 5:64
nec mora, nam dicta factis insequuntur. primum ipsum Vesozen territum refugere in regnum cogunt, destitutum uero exercitum inuadunt omnemque belli apparatum capessunt, uniuersam quoque Aegyptum populauissent, ni paludibus inpediti repellerentur.
Nor was there delay, for deeds followed words. First they forced Vesozes himself in terror to flee back to his kingdom; then they attacked his deserted army and took all the equipment of war; and they would have plundered all Egypt as well, had they not been hindered by the marshes and driven back.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Scythians routed Vesozes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.14.3 (CSEL 5:64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-14-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-14-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.14.4CSEL 5:64–65
inde continuo reuersi perdomitam infinitis caedibus Asiam uectigalem fecere; ubi per XV annos sine pace inmorati tandem uxorum flagitatione reuocantur denuntiantium, ni redeant subolem se a finitimis quaesituras.
Turning back from there at once, they subdued Asia with endless slaughter and made it tributary; there they stayed fifteen years without peace, and were at last called back by the demand of their wives, who declared that unless they returned they would seek offspring from their neighbours.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Scythians held Asia fifteen years until their wives recalled them.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.14.4 (CSEL 5:64–65; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-14-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-14-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 15
1.15.1CSEL 5:65
Medio autem tempore apud Scythas duo regii iuuenes Plynos et Scolopetius per factionem optimatium domo pulsi, ingentem iuuentutem secum traxere et in Cappadociae Ponticae ora iuxta amnem Thermodontem consederunt campis Themiscyriis sibi subiectis; ubi diu proxima quaeque populati conspiratione finitimorum per insidias trucidantur.
Meanwhile among the Scythians two royal youths, Plynos and Scolopetius, driven from home by a faction of nobles, drew a great body of young men with them and settled on the coast of Pontic Cappadocia near the river Thermodon, subjecting to themselves the Themiscyrian plains; there, after long plundering everything near, they were treacherously slaughtered by a conspiracy of their neighbours.
Notes and citation
Summary: Two exiled Scythian princes settled by the Thermodon and were killed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): Scolopetius. → Scolopetius; Themisoyriis → Themiscyriis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.15.1 (CSEL 5:65; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.15.2CSEL 5:65
horum uxores exilio ac uiduitate permotae arma sumunt et, ut omnibus par ex simili condicione animus fieret, uiros qui superfuerant interficiunt atque accensae in hostem sanguine suo ultionem caesorum coniugum finitimorum excidio consequuntur.
Their wives, stirred by exile and widowhood, took up arms and, so that all might have an equal spirit from a like condition, killed the men who had survived; and, enflamed against the enemy by their own blood, they achieved vengeance for their slain husbands by the destruction of their neighbours.
Notes and citation
Summary: Their widows took up arms and avenged them.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.15.2 (CSEL 5:65; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.15.3CSEL 5:65–66
tunc pace armis quaesita externos concubitus ineunt, editos mares mox enecant, feminas studiose nutriunt inustis infantium dexterioribus mammillis, ne sagittarum iactus impedirentur; unde Amazones dictae.
Then, having gained peace by arms, they entered into unions with foreigners, soon killed the males born, carefully reared the females, burning off the right breasts of the infants so that the shooting of arrows might not be hindered; hence they were called Amazons.
Notes and citation
Summary: The origin of the Amazons.
- The name was explained as 'breastless' (Greek *a-mazos*).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.15.3 (CSEL 5:65–66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.15.4CSEL 5:66
harum duae fuere reginae, Marpesia et Lampeto, quae agmine diuiso in duas partes uicissim curam belli et domus custodiam sortiebantur.
They had two queens, Marpesia and Lampeto, who, dividing their force into two parts, took turns by lot in the conduct of war and the guarding of home.
Notes and citation
Summary: Their two queens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.15.4 (CSEL 5:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.15.5CSEL 5:66
igitur cum Europam maxima e parte domuissent, Asiae uero aliquantis ciuitatibus captis, ipsae autem Ephesum aliasque urbes condidissent, praecipuam exercitus sui partem onustam opulentissima praeda domum reuocant, reliquae ad tuendum Asiae imperium relictae cum Marpesia regina concursu hostium trucidantur.
So when they had subdued Europe for the most part, and had taken a good number of cities of Asia and themselves founded Ephesus and other cities, they called home the chief part of their army, laden with very rich plunder; the rest, left to guard the empire of Asia with Queen Marpesia, were slaughtered by an attack of enemies.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Amazons' conquests; Marpesia killed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.15.5 (CSEL 5:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.15.6CSEL 5:66
huius locum Sinope filia capessit, quae singularem uirtutis gloriam perpetua uirginitate cumulauit.
Her place was taken by her daughter Sinope, who crowned the singular glory of her courage with perpetual virginity.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sinope succeeded her.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.15.6 (CSEL 5:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.15.7CSEL 5:66–67
hac fama excitas gentes tanta admiratio et formido inuaserat, ut Hercules quoque cum iussus fuisset a domino suo exhibere arma reginae quasi ad ineuitabile periculum destinatus, uniuersam Graeciae lectam ac nobilem iuuentutem contraxerit, nouem longas naues praepararit, nec tamen contentus examine uirium ex inprouiso adgredi et insperatas circumuenire maluerit.
Such admiration and fear of them had seized the nations roused by this fame that Hercules too, when he had been ordered by his master to bring the queen's arms, as though appointed to an inescapable danger, gathered all the chosen and noble youth of Greece, prepared nine long ships, and yet, not content with this swarm of strength, preferred to attack unexpectedly and surround them off guard.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hercules prepared a great force against the Amazons.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.15.7 (CSEL 5:66–67; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.15.8CSEL 5:67
duae tunc sorores regno praeerant, Antiope et Orithyia. Hercules mari aduectus incautas inermesque et pacis incuria desides oppressit. inter caesas captasque complurimas duae sorores Antiopae, Melanippe ab Hercule, Hippolyte a Theseo retentae.
Two sisters then ruled the kingdom, Antiope and Orithyia. Hercules, arriving by sea, overpowered them unwary, unarmed and idle through the carelessness of peace. Among the very many killed and captured, two sisters of Antiope were kept, Melanippe by Hercules, Hippolyte by Theseus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hercules surprised the Amazons.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.15.8 (CSEL 5:67; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.15.9CSEL 5:67
sed Theseus Hippolyten matrimonio adsciuit, Hercules Melanippen sorori reddidit et arma reginae pretio redemptionis accepit.
But Theseus took Hippolyte in marriage, while Hercules returned Melanippe to her sister and received the queen's arms as the price of her ransom.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theseus married Hippolyte; Hercules ransomed Melanippe.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.15.9 (CSEL 5:67; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.15.10CSEL 5:67
post Orithyiam Penthesilea regno potita est, cuius Troiano bello clarissima inter uiros documenta uirtutis accepimus.
After Orithyia, Penthesilea held the kingdom, of whose courage among men we have received very famous proofs in the Trojan War.
Notes and citation
Summary: Penthesilea at Troy.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.15.10 (CSEL 5:67; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-15-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 16
1.16.1CSEL 5:67–68
Pro dolor, pudet erroris humani. mulieres patria profugae Europam atque Asiam id est plurimas fortissimasque mundi partes intrauerunt peruagatae sunt deleuerunt, centum paene annis euertendo urbes plurimas atque alias constituendo tenuerunt: nec tamen miseriae hominum pressura temporum deputata est.
Oh the pain of it! I am ashamed of human error. Women fleeing their homeland entered, roamed through and laid waste Europe and Asia, that is, the greatest and strongest parts of the world, and held them for almost a hundred years, overthrowing very many cities and founding others: and yet this was not counted a misery of men from the pressure of the times.
Notes and citation
Summary: No one blames the times for the Amazons' devastation.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.16.1 (CSEL 5:67–68; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-16-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-16-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.16.2CSEL 5:68
modo autem Getae illi qui et nunc Gothi, quos Alexander euitandos pronuntiauit, Pyrrhus exhorruit, Caesar etiam declinauit, relictis uacuefactisque sedibus suis ac totis uiribus toti Romanas ingressi prouincias simulque ad terrorem diu ostentati societatem Romani foederis precibus sperant, quam armis uindicare potuissent;
But now those Getae who are now also the Goths, whom Alexander declared were to be avoided, whom Pyrrhus dreaded, whom even Caesar shunned, having left and emptied their own seats and entered the Roman provinces with all their strength, and having long been displayed as a terror, now hope by prayers for an alliance of a Roman treaty, which they could have claimed by arms;
Notes and citation
Summary: The Goths, once feared by all, now seek a Roman alliance.
- Orosius identifies the Getae with the Goths.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.16.2 (CSEL 5:68; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-16-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-16-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.16.3CSEL 5:68
exiguae habitationis sedem non ex sua electione sed ex nostro iudicio rogant, quibus subiecta et patente uniuersa terra praesumere, quam esset libitum, liberum fuit; semet ipsos ad tuitionem Romani regni offerunt, quos solos inuicta regna timuerunt.
they ask for a seat of small habitation, not by their own choice but by our judgment, though the whole earth lay subject and open to them, free to take as much as they liked; they offer themselves for the defence of the Roman realm, they whom alone unconquered kingdoms feared.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Goths ask for land and offer to defend Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.16.3 (CSEL 5:68; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-16-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-16-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.16.4CSEL 5:68–69
et tamen caeca gentilitas cum haec Romana uirtute gesta non uideat, fide Romanorum inpetrata non credit nec adquiescit, cum intellegat, confiteri, beneficio Christianae religionis - quae cognatam per omnes populos fidem iungit - eius uiros sine proelio sibi esse subiectos, quorum feminae maiorem terrarum partem inmensis caedibus deleuerunt
And yet blind paganism, since it does not see that these things were achieved by Roman courage, does not believe that they were obtained by the faith of the Romans, nor does it acquiesce, though it understands, so as to confess that by the benefit of the Christian religion, which joins a kindred faith through all peoples, the men of that nation have been made subject to it without battle, whose women destroyed the greater part of the earth with immense slaughter.
Notes and citation
Summary: Through the Christian faith the Goths, whose women once ravaged the world, submit without battle.
- Orosius links the Amazons with the Scythian-Gothic peoples; the Goths were by then Christians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.16.4 (CSEL 5:68–69; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-16-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-16-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 17
1.17.1CSEL 5:69
At uero ante Vrbem conditam CCCCXXX anno raptus Helenae, coniuratio Graecorum et concursus mille nauium, dehinc decennis obsidio ac postremo famosum Troiae excidium praedicatur.
But in the 430th year before the founding of the City are told the rape of Helen, the conspiracy of the Greeks and the gathering of a thousand ships, then the ten-year siege and finally the famous destruction of Troy.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Trojan War.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.17.1 (CSEL 5:69; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-17-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-17-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.17.2CSEL 5:69
in quo bello per decem annos cruentissime gesto quas nationes quantosque populos idem turbo inuoluerit atque adflixerit, Homerus poeta in primis clarus luculentissimo carmine palam fecit, nec per ordinem nunc retexere nostrum est, quia et operi longum et omnibus notum uidetur.
In that war, waged most bloodily for ten years, which nations and how great peoples the same whirlwind involved and struck down the poet Homer, famous above all, has made plain in a most brilliant poem; nor is it our task to unravel it now in order, since it seems both long for this work and known to all.
Notes and citation
Summary: Homer told the Trojan War; Orosius will not.
Extrabiblical texts: Homer, Il. (Homer, Iliad; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.17.2 (CSEL 5:69; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-17-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-17-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.17.3CSEL 5:69–70
uerumtamen qui diuturnitatem illius obsidionis, euersionis atrocitatem caedem captiuitatemque didicerunt, uideant, si recte isto qualiscumque est praesentis temporis statu offenduntur quos hostes occulta misericordia Dei cum per omnes terras instructis copiis bello persequi possint, pacis gratia praetentis obsidibus per omnia maria sequuntur; et, ne forte haec quietis amore facere credantur, se ipsos ac pericula sua pro Romanorum pace aduersum alias gentes offerunt.
But let those who have learned of the length of that siege, the atrocity of the destruction, the slaughter and captivity, see whether they are right to be offended by the present state of things, whatever it is, when enemies, by the hidden mercy of God, though they could pursue them in war with forces drawn up through all lands, follow them across all seas for the sake of peace, offering hostages; and, lest it be thought that they do this for love of quiet, offer themselves and their dangers against other peoples for the peace of the Romans.
Notes and citation
Summary: Unlike Troy's enemies, today's barbarians seek peace and fight for Rome.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): Romanorum. pace → Romanorum pace.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.17.3 (CSEL 5:69–70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-17-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-17-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 18
1.18.1CSEL 5:70
Paucis praeterea annis interuenientibus, Aeneae Troia profugi aduentus in Italiam quae arma commouerit, qualia per triennium bella exciuerit, quantos populos inplicuerit odio excidioque adflixerit, ludi litterarii disciplina nostrae quoque memoriae inustum est.
A few years after this, what arms the arrival in Italy of Aeneas, a fugitive from Troy, stirred up, what wars it roused for three years, how many peoples it involved and struck with hatred and destruction, the instruction of the elementary school has branded on our memory too.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aeneas's wars in Italy, known from schoolbooks.
- Virgil's *Aeneid*, read in school.
Extrabiblical texts: Virgil (Virgil; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.18.1 (CSEL 5:70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-18-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-18-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.18.2CSEL 5:70
horum praeterea temporum medio interiacent exilia naufragiaque Graecorum, Peloponnensium clades Codro moriente fractorum, ignoti Thraces noua in bella surgentes, et generalis tunc per totam Asiam Graeciamque commotio.
Between these times, moreover, lie the exiles and shipwrecks of the Greeks, the disaster of the Peloponnesians broken at the death of Codrus, the unknown Thracians rising to new wars, and a general upheaval then through all Asia and Greece.
Notes and citation
Summary: Other disasters of the same period.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.18.2 (CSEL 5:70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-18-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-18-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 19
1.19.1CSEL 5:70–71
Anno ante Vrbem conditam LXIIII nouissimus apud Assyrios regnauit Sardanapallus, uir muliere corruptior: qui inter scortorum greges feminae habitu purpuram colo tractans a praefecto suo Arbato, qui tunc Medis praeerat, uisus atque exsecrationi habitus, mox etiam excitis Medorum populis ad bellum prouocatus et uictus ardenti pyrae se iniecit. exin regnum Assyriorum in Medos concessit.
In the 64th year before the founding of the City, Sardanapalus reigned last among the Assyrians, a man more corrupt than a woman. Seen by his prefect Arbatus, who then governed the Medes, spinning purple on a distaff in a woman's dress among flocks of harlots, he was held in execration; soon, when the peoples of the Medes had been roused, he was challenged to war and defeated, and threw himself on a burning pyre. Thereafter the kingdom of the Assyrians passed to the Medes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sardanapalus, last king of Assyria, burned himself; the kingdom passed to the Medes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.19.1 (CSEL 5:70–71; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.19.2CSEL 5:71
deinde multis proeliis undique scatescentibus, quae per ordinem disserere nequaquam aptum uidetur, per uarios prouentus ad Scythas Chaldaeosque et rursus ad Medos parili uia rediit.
Then, with many battles springing up on every side, which it seems not at all fitting to discuss in order, it passed through various fortunes to the Scythians and Chaldaeans and by a like path back to the Medes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Power shifted among Scythians, Chaldaeans, and Medes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.19.2 (CSEL 5:71; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.19.3CSEL 5:71
in qua breuitate pensandum est: quantae ruinae cladesque gentium fuere, quanta bella fluxerunt ubi totiens tot et talia regna mutata sunt.
In this brief account one must weigh how great were the ruins and disasters of nations, how many wars flowed, when so many such kingdoms changed hands so often.
Notes and citation
Summary: Every change of kingdom meant great slaughter.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.19.3 (CSEL 5:71; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.19.4CSEL 5:71
post haec Medis Fraortes imperitauit, qui creberrimis Assyriorum Persarumque bellis XXII regni sui annos consumpsit.
After this Phraortes ruled the Medes, who spent the twenty-two years of his reign in very frequent wars with the Assyrians and Persians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Phraortes of Media.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.19.4 (CSEL 5:71; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.19.5CSEL 5:71
post hunc Diocles regnauit, uir armis experientissimus semperque bellis immoratus; qui auctum late imperium moriens Astyagi dedit.
After him reigned Diocles, a man most experienced in arms and always engaged in wars, who at his death handed the widely enlarged empire to Astyages.
Notes and citation
Summary: Diocles of Media.
- Diocles is Deioces (or Cyaxares) in other sources.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.19.5 (CSEL 5:71; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.19.6CSEL 5:71
Astyages, uirili prole uacuus, Cyrum nepotem apud Persas genitum habuit. sed Cyrus mox ut adoleuit congregata Persarum manu auo certamen indixit.
Astyages, having no male offspring, had a grandson, Cyrus, born among the Persians. But Cyrus, as soon as he grew up, gathered a band of Persians and declared war on his grandfather.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cyrus rose against his grandfather Astyages.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.19.6 (CSEL 5:71; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.19.7CSEL 5:71–72
porro Astyages oblitus sceleris sui quod in Harpalum dudum admiserat, cum filium eius unicum et paruulum interfecit epulandumque patri adposuit ac, ne quid infelicissimae orbitati felix ignorantia subtraheret, infames epulas ostensis patri cum capite manibus in-
Moreover Astyages, forgetting the crime he had once committed against Harpalus, when he killed his only and little son and set him before the father to be eaten, and, so that happy ignorance might not take anything from his most unhappy bereavement, hastened to
Notes and citation
Summary: Astyages had once served Harpalus his own son to eat.
- The sentence continues in 1.19.8. Harpalus is Harpagus in Herodotus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.19.7 (CSEL 5:71–72; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.19.8CSEL 5:72
properauit — huius ergo facti immemor, ipsi Harpalo summam belli committit, qui acceptum exercitum statim Cyro per proditionem tradit. quo conperto Astyages raptis secum copiis in Persas ipse proficiscitur acriusque certamen instaurat, proposito suis, metu si quis e proelio cedere moliretur, ferro exciperetur.
reproach the father with the infamous feast by showing him the head and hands: unmindful, then, of this deed, he entrusted the conduct of the war to Harpalus himself, who at once handed over to Cyrus by treachery the army he had received. On learning this, Astyages himself, seizing his forces, set out against the Persians and renewed the contest more fiercely, having set before his men the fear that if anyone tried to give way in battle, he would be met with the sword.
Notes and citation
Summary: Harpalus betrayed the army to Cyrus; Astyages renewed the war.
- The digital text divides *in-properauit* across 1.19.7–8.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.19.8 (CSEL 5:72; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.19.9CSEL 5:72
qua necessitate instanter Medis pugnantibus pulsa iterum Persarum acies cum paulatim cederet, matres et uxores eorum obuiam occurrunt, orant in proelium reuertantur; cunctantibus sublata ueste obscena corporis ostendunt quaerentes, num in uteros matrum uel uxorum uellent refugere.
Under that necessity the Medes fought hard, and when the Persian line, driven back again, was gradually giving way, their mothers and wives ran to meet them and begged them to return to battle; when they hesitated, the women lifted their garments and showed the private parts of their bodies, asking whether they wished to flee back into the wombs of their mothers or wives.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Persian women shamed their men back into battle.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.19.9 (CSEL 5:72; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.19.10CSEL 5:72–73
quo facto erubescentes in proelium redeunt et facta inpressione quos fugiebant fugere conpellunt. ibi tunc Astyages capitur, cui Cyrus nil aliud quam regnum abstulit, eumque maximae Hyrcanorum genti praeposuit. in Medos uero reuerti ipse noluit. is finis imperii Medorum fuit.
At this, blushing, they returned to battle and, making a charge, forced those they were fleeing to flee. There Astyages was captured; Cyrus took nothing from him but his kingdom, and set him over the very great nation of the Hyrcanians; for he himself did not wish to return to the Medes. This was the end of the empire of the Medes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cyrus captured Astyages; the Median empire ended.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): Medorum. fuit. → Medorum fuit..
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.19.10 (CSEL 5:72–73; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.19.11CSEL 5:73
sed ciuitates, quae tributariae Medorum erant, a Cyro defecerunt: quae res Cyro multorum bellorum causa et origo exstitit.
But the cities which had been tributaries of the Medes revolted from Cyrus; and this was for Cyrus the cause and origin of many wars.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Medes' subject cities revolted from Cyrus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.19.11 (CSEL 5:73; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-19-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 1, chapter 20
1.20.1CSEL 5:73
Ea tempestate Phalaris Siculus Agrigentinos arrepta tyrannide populabatur.
At that time Phalaris the Sicilian seized a tyranny and plundered the people of Agrigentum.
Notes and citation
Summary: Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.20.1 (CSEL 5:73; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-20-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-20-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.20.2CSEL 5:73
qui crudelis mente, commentis crudelior, omnia nefarie in innocentes agens, inuenit aliquando quem iuste puniret iniustus.
Cruel in mind, crueller in his inventions, doing all things wickedly against the innocent, he once found someone whom, though unjust himself, he could justly punish.
Notes and citation
Summary: Phalaris once punished someone justly.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.20.2 (CSEL 5:73; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-20-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-20-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.20.3CSEL 5:73–74
nam Perillus quidam aeris opifex adfectans tyranni amicitiam, aptum munus crudelitati illius ratus, taurum aeneum fecit, cui fabre ianuam e latere conposuit, quae ad contrudendos damnatos receptui foret: ut cum inclusus ibidem subiectis ignibus torreretur, sonum uocis extortae capacitas concaui aeris augeret pulsuque ferali conpetens imagini murmur emitteret, nefarioque spectaculo mugitus pecudis, non hominis gemitus uideretur.
For a certain Perillus, a worker in bronze, seeking the tyrant's friendship and thinking it a gift suited to his cruelty, made a bronze bull, in whose side he skilfully fitted a door to serve as an entry for thrusting in the condemned: so that when a man shut in there was roasted by fires set beneath, the capacity of the hollow bronze would amplify the sound of the voice wrung from him and give out, with a deadly beat, a murmur fit for the image, and in the wicked spectacle it would seem the lowing of a beast, not the groaning of a man.
Notes and citation
Summary: Perillus made a bronze bull for roasting victims.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.20.3 (CSEL 5:73–74; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-20-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-20-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.20.4CSEL 5:74
sed Phalaris, factum amplexus factorem exsecratus, et ultioni materiam praebuit et crudelitati: nam ipsum opificem sua inuentione puniuit.
But Phalaris, embracing the work but cursing the worker, provided material both for vengeance and for cruelty: for he punished the craftsman himself with his own invention.
Notes and citation
Summary: Phalaris roasted Perillus in his own bull.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.20.4 (CSEL 5:74; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-20-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-20-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.20.5CSEL 5:74
Fuerat etiam paulo superiore tempore apud Latinos rex Aremulus, qui per annos XVIII flagitiis inpietatibusque crescens, ad postremum diuino iudicio fulmine interceptus matura supplicia inmatura aetate dissoluit.
A little earlier, too, there had been among the Latins a king, Aremulus, who, growing in crimes and impieties for eighteen years, was at last cut off by divine judgment with a thunderbolt, and paid at an unripe age the penalties he had ripened.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aremulus of the Latins was struck by lightning.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.20.5 (CSEL 5:74; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-20-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-20-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.20.6CSEL 5:74
Eligant nunc, si uidetur, Latini et Siculi, utrum in diebus Aremuli et Phalaridis esse maluissent innocentum uitas poenis extorquentium, an his temporibus Christianis, cum imperatores Romani, ipsa in primis religione conpositi, post comminutas reipublicae bono tyrannides ne ipsorum quidem iniurias exigunt tyrannorum.
Let the Latins and Sicilians now choose, if they will, whether they would rather have lived in the days of Aremulus and Phalaris, who wrung out the lives of the innocent by torments, or in these Christian times, when the Roman emperors, formed above all by religion itself, after crushing tyrannies for the good of the commonwealth, do not exact punishment even for the wrongs done to themselves by the tyrants.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christian emperors forgive even usurpers, unlike ancient tyrants.
Topics: Rulers and the state
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.20.6 (CSEL 5:74; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-20-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-20-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).