Numbers 22 in the early church
108 passages quote, allude to, or echo Numbers 22, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 15 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 27 · 28 · 32 · 33 · 35 · 38
Numbers 22:1
Then the Israelites traveled on and camped in the plains of Moab near the Jordan, across from Jericho.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:1 | Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:1–24:25 | Question 63, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Num 22:1–24:25 | On the Life of Moses 325 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
| Num 22:1–20 | Numbers, lines 571–596 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
| Num 22:1–24:25 | Chapter 8 · Prosper of Aquitaine | allusion, high confidence | ca. 432-433 |
Numbers 22:2
Now Balak son of Zippor saw all that Israel had done to the Amorites,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:2 | Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:2–21 | Part 2, chapter 12 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Numbers 22:4
So the Moabites said to the elders of Midian, “This horde will devour everything around us, as an ox licks up the grass of the field.” Since Balak son of Zippor was king of Moab at that time,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:4 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 575 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Num 22:4 | Homilies on Exodus 11.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:4 | Homilies on Joshua 16.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:4 | Homilies on Numbers 13.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 22:5
he sent messengers to summon Balaam son of Beor at Pethor, which is by the Euphrates in the land of his people. “Behold, a people has come out of Egypt,” said Balak. “They cover the face of the land and have settled next to me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:5 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XVIII (on Num 22:5) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Num 22:5 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 575 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Num 22:5–7 | Fragment 84 on John 11:51 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 226-254 |
| Num 22:5 | Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:5–6 | Demonstration 11.9 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Num 22:5 | Letter 78.43 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Num 22:5–6 | Book of Heresies 25.1 · Philastrius of Brescia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380s |
| Num 22:5–6 | Pilgrimage (Itinerarium) 12.10 · Egeria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 381-395 |
| Num 22:5–7 | On the Life of Moses 419 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
Numbers 22:6
So please come now and put a curse on this people, because they are too mighty for me. Perhaps I may be able to defeat them and drive them out of the land; for I know that those you bless are blessed, and those you curse are cursed.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:6 | Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:6 | Homilies on Numbers 13.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:6 | Homilies on Numbers 13.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 22:7
The elders of Moab and Midian departed with the fees for divination in hand. They came to Balaam and relayed to him the words of Balak.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:7 | Homilies on Numbers 13.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:7 | Homilies on Numbers 14.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:7 | Letters 188, 189 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Num 22:7 | On the Life of Moses 421 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
| Num 22:7 | On the Duties of the Clergy 2.26 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
Numbers 22:8
“Spend the night here,” Balaam replied, “and I will give you the answer that the LORD speaks to me.” So the princes of Moab stayed with Balaam.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:8 | Homilies on Numbers 14.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 22:9
Then God came to Balaam and asked, “Who are these men with you?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:9 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 575 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Num 22:9 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 577 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Num 22:9 | Homilies on Numbers 13.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:9 | Homilies on Numbers 14.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 22:10
And Balaam said to God, “Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab, sent me this message:
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:10 | Homilies on Numbers 13.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:10 | Homilies on Numbers 14.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 22:11
‘Behold, a people has come out of Egypt, and they cover the face of the land. Now come and put a curse on them for me. Perhaps I may be able to fight against them and drive them away.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:11 | Homilies on Numbers 13.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 22:12
But God said to Balaam, “Do not go with them. You are not to curse this people, for they are blessed.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:12 | Fragment 20 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 170–200 |
| Num 22:12 | Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:12 | Homilies on Numbers 13.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:12 | Homilies on Numbers 14.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:12–33 | Question 46, section 3 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Num 22:12 | On the Duties of the Clergy 2.26 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Num 22:12 | The Conferences 13.11 · John Cassian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Numbers 22:15
Then Balak sent other princes, more numerous and more distinguished than the first messengers.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:15 | Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 22:18
But Balaam replied to the servants of Balak, “If Balak were to give me his house full of silver and gold, I could not do anything small or great to go beyond the command of the LORD my God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:18 | Homilies on Numbers 14.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:18 | Letters 210, 211 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
Numbers 22:19
So now, please stay here overnight as the others did, that I may find out what else the LORD has to tell me.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:19 | Homilies on Numbers 15.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 22:20
That night God came to Balaam and said, “Since these men have come to summon you, get up and go with them, but you must only do what I tell you.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:20 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 577 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Num 22:20 | Homilies on Numbers 13.7 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:20 | Homilies on Numbers 14.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:20 | Homilies on Numbers 14.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:20 | Homilies on Numbers 17.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 22:21
So in the morning Balaam got up, saddled his donkey, and went with the princes of Moab.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:21 | Homilies on Numbers 13.8 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:21 | Commentary on Romans 1.11 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Num 22:21–35 | On the Life of Moses 421 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
| Num 22:21–28 | Numbers, lines 597–617 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
| Num 22:21–35 | Commonitorium 1.31–60 · Orientius of Auch | allusion, high confidence | ca. 420-450 |
Numbers 22:22
Then God’s anger was kindled because Balaam was going along, and the angel of the LORD stood in the road to oppose him. Balaam was riding his donkey, and his two servants were with him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:22–23 | Fragment 20 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 170–200 |
| Num 22:22 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 577 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Num 22:22–24 | Commentary on John 28.132 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Num 22:22 | Homilies on Numbers 13.8 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:22 | Homilies on Numbers 14.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:22 | Homilies on Numbers 14.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:22 | Homilies on Numbers 14.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:22–33 | Demonstration 3.14 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Num 22:22 | On the Christian Faith 5.7 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 378–380 |
| Num 22:22–33 | Part 2, chapter 12 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Numbers 22:23
When the donkey saw the angel of the LORD standing in the road with a drawn sword in his hand, she turned off the path and went into a field. So Balaam beat her to return her to the path.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:23 | Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 10 · Polychronius of Apamea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
| Num 22:23–30 | Book 1, section 12 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Numbers 22:24
Then the angel of the LORD stood in a narrow passage between two vineyards, with walls on either side.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:24 | Homilies on Numbers 14.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 22:25
And the donkey saw the angel of the LORD and pressed herself against the wall, crushing Balaam’s foot against it. So he beat her once again.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:25 | Homilies on Numbers 13.8 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:25 | Homilies on Numbers 14.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 22:27
When the donkey saw the angel of the LORD, she lay down under Balaam, and he became furious and beat her with his staff.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:27 | Commentary on John 28.133 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
Numbers 22:28
Then the LORD opened the donkey’s mouth, and she said to Balaam, “What have I done to you that you have beaten me these three times?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:28 | Acts of Thomas 40 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 200–250 |
| Num 22:28 | On First Principles 1.8.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Num 22:28 | Homily on Luke 14 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Num 22:28 | Homilies on Numbers 13.8 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:28 | Homilies on Numbers 14.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:28 | Lines 621–644 · Commodian | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Num 22:28 | To Fortunatus 10 · Cyprian of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | 253 or 257 |
| Num 22:28 | Commentary on 1 Corinthians 13:1 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Num 22:28 | Question 123, section 4 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Num 22:28 | On Virgins 1.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 377 |
| Num 22:28 | Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 28 · Evagrius of Gaul | allusion, high confidence | ca. 400 |
| Num 22:28 | Letter 98.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Num 22:28 | Letter 186.14 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Num 22:28 | Letter 187.24 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Num 22:28 | Poem 15, lines 32–63 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Num 22:28 | Poem 20, lines 416–444 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, low confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Num 22:28 | Letters 12.2 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Num 22:28–41 | Numbers, lines 618–642 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
| Num 22:28 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 9.17 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 401–415 |
| Num 22:28 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 11.29 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 401–415 |
| Num 22:28–30 | Commonitorium 1.1–30 · Orientius of Auch | allusion, high confidence | ca. 420-450 |
| Num 22:28 | Book 1, lines 141–162 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Numbers 22:32
The angel of the LORD asked him, “Why have you beaten your donkey these three times? Behold, I have come out to oppose you, because your way is perverse before me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:32–35 | Commentary on John 28.133 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
Numbers 22:33
The donkey saw me and turned away from me these three times. If she had not turned away, then by now I would surely have killed you and let her live.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:33 | Homilies on Numbers 14.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 22:35
But the angel of the LORD said to Balaam, “Go with the men, but you are to speak only what I tell you.” So Balaam went with the princes of Balak.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:35 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 577 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Num 22:35 | Commentary on John 28.134 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Num 22:35 | Commentary on John 28.136 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Num 22:35 | Homilies on Ezekiel 6.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Num 22:35 | Homilies on Numbers 14.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:35 | Homilies on Numbers 14.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 22:38
“See, I have come to you,” Balaam replied, “but can I say just anything? I must speak only the word that God puts in my mouth.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 22:38 | Against Marcion 4.28 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Num 22:38 | Against Marcion 4.39 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Num 22:38 | Commentary on John 28.99 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Num 22:38 | Homilies on Numbers 13.7 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 22:38 | Homilies on Matthew 24.4 · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390 |