Numbers 23 in the early church
85 passages quote, allude to, or echo Numbers 23, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 16 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 27 · 28
Numbers 23:1
Then Balaam said to Balak, “Build for me seven altars here, and prepare for me seven bulls and seven rams.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:1 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 577 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Num 23:1 | Homilies on Numbers 15.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:1 | Numbers, lines 618–642 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
Numbers 23:2
So Balak did as Balaam had instructed, and Balak and Balaam offered a bull and a ram on each altar.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:2–17 | Numbers, lines 643–667 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
Numbers 23:3
“Stay here by your burnt offering while I am gone,” Balaam said to Balak. “Perhaps the LORD will meet with me. And whatever He reveals to me, I will tell you.” So Balaam went off to a barren height,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:3 | To Theodosius on the Witch of Endor, part 2 · Gregory of Nyssa | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380–394 |
Numbers 23:4
and God met with him. “I have set up seven altars,” Balaam said, “and on each altar I have offered a bull and a ram.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:4–5 | Commentary on John 28.135 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
Numbers 23:5
Then the LORD put a message in Balaam’s mouth, saying, “Return to Balak and give him this message.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:5 | Commentary on John 28.136 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
Numbers 23:7
And Balaam lifted up an oracle, saying: “Balak brought me from Aram, the king of Moab from the mountains of the east. ‘Come,’ he said, ‘put a curse on Jacob for me; come and denounce Israel!’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:7 | Commentary on John 28.99 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Num 23:7 | Commentary on John 28.137 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Num 23:7 | Commentary on John 28.177 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Num 23:7 | Homilies on Numbers 15.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:7 | Homilies on Numbers 15.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:7 | Homilies on Numbers 18.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:7 | Oration 4.54 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Num 23:7–10 | Against the Letter of Parmenian 2.17 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 400 |
| Num 23:7–8 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 1–3 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
| Num 23:7–11 | Commonitorium 1.31–60 · Orientius of Auch | allusion, high confidence | ca. 420-450 |
| Num 23:7–24:9 | Sermon 49 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Num 23:7–24:9 | Part 2, chapter 12 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Numbers 23:8
How can I curse those whom God has not cursed? How can I denounce those whom the LORD has not denounced?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:8 | Homilies on Numbers 15.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:8 | Commentary on Romans 3.4 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Num 23:8 | Letters 210, 211 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Num 23:8 | Commentary on 1 Corinthians 13:2 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Num 23:8 | Question 127, section 6 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Num 23:8 | On the Life of Moses 421 · Gregory of Nyssa | quotation, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
Numbers 23:9
For I see them from atop the rocky cliffs, and I watch them from the hills. Behold, a people dwelling apart, not reckoning themselves among the nations.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:9 | Homilies on Numbers 15.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 23:10
Who can count the dust of Jacob or number even a fourth of Israel? Let me die the death of the righteous; let my end be like theirs!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:10 | Homilies on Numbers 15.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:10 | Homilies on Numbers 15.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:10 | Homilies on Numbers 15.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:10 | Exposition of Psalm 118 16.30.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Num 23:10 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.48.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Num 23:10 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.51.5 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Numbers 23:11
Then Balak said to Balaam, “What have you done to me? I brought you here to curse my enemies, and behold, you have only blessed them!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:11 | Homilies on Numbers 16.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:11 | Letter 78.43 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Num 23:11 | The Conferences 13.11 · John Cassian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Numbers 23:12
But Balaam replied, “Should I not speak exactly what the LORD puts in my mouth?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:12 | Against Marcion 4.28 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Num 23:12 | Homilies on Numbers 16.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 23:13
Then Balak said to him, “Please come with me to another place where you can see them. You will only see the outskirts of their camp—not all of them. And from there, curse them for me.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:13 | Homilies on Numbers 16.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 23:14
So Balak took him to the field of Zophim, to the top of Pisgah, where he built seven altars and offered a bull and a ram on each altar.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:14–17 | Homilies on Numbers 16.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:14 | Pilgrimage (Itinerarium) 12.10 · Egeria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 381-395 |
Numbers 23:16
And the LORD met with Balaam and put a message in his mouth, saying, “Return to Balak and speak what I tell you.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:16 | Commentary on John 28.138 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
Numbers 23:18
Then Balaam lifted up an oracle, saying: “Arise, O Balak, and listen; give ear to me, O son of Zippor.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:18–24 | Homilies on Numbers 16.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:18–24 | Numbers, lines 668–691 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
Numbers 23:19
God is not a man, that He should lie, or a son of man, that He should change His mind. Does He speak and not act? Does He promise and not fulfill?
Numbers 23:20
I have indeed received a command to bless; He has blessed, and I cannot change it.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:20 | Homilies on Numbers 16.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 23:21
He considers no disaster for Jacob; He sees no trouble for Israel. The LORD their God is with them, and the shout of the King is among them.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:21 | Homilies on Numbers 16.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:21–22 | Homilies on Numbers 16.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:21 | Homilies on Jeremiah 17.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Num 23:21 | Letter 77.10 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Num 23:21 | Letter 130.7 · Jerome | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Num 23:21 | On the Complaints of Job and David 3.19 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
Numbers 23:22
God brought them out of Egypt with strength like a wild ox.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:22 | Eleven Tractates 1.28 · Priscillian | allusion, low confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Numbers 23:23
For there is no spell against Jacob and no divination against Israel. It will now be said of Jacob and Israel, ‘What great things God has done!’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:23 | Fragments on Genesis, column 123 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Num 23:23 | Homilies on Ezekiel 2.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Num 23:23 | Homilies on Numbers 13.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:23 | Homilies on Numbers 16.7 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:23 | Against Celsus 4.95 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Num 23:23 | On the Witch of Endor 2 · Eustathius of Antioch | quotation, high confidence | ca. 324–337 |
| Num 23:23 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.62.2 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Num 23:23 | Apostolic Constitutions 7.6.1 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Numbers 23:24
Behold, the people rise like a lioness; they rouse themselves like a lion, not resting until they devour their prey and drink the blood of the slain.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:24 | Homilies on Numbers 16.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:24 | Homilies on Numbers 16.9 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Num 23:24 | To Quirinus 1.21 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
Numbers 23:27
“Please come,” said Balak, “I will take you to another place. Perhaps it will please God that you curse them for me from there.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:27–30 | Homilies on Numbers 17.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Numbers 23:28
And Balak took Balaam to the top of Peor, which overlooks the wasteland.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 23:28 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 577 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Num 23:28 | Pilgrimage (Itinerarium) 12.8 · Egeria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 381-395 |