Numbers 23 in the early church

85 passages quote, allude to, or echo Numbers 23, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 16 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 27 · 28

Numbers 23:1

Then Balaam said to Balak, “Build for me seven altars here, and prepare for me seven bulls and seven rams.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:1Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 577 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Num 23:1Homilies on Numbers 15.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:1Numbers, lines 618–642 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Numbers 23:2

So Balak did as Balaam had instructed, and Balak and Balaam offered a bull and a ram on each altar.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:2–17Numbers, lines 643–667 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Numbers 23:3

“Stay here by your burnt offering while I am gone,” Balaam said to Balak. “Perhaps the LORD will meet with me. And whatever He reveals to me, I will tell you.” So Balaam went off to a barren height,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:3To Theodosius on the Witch of Endor, part 2 · Gregory of Nyssaquotation, medium confidenceca. 380–394

Numbers 23:4

and God met with him. “I have set up seven altars,” Balaam said, “and on each altar I have offered a bull and a ram.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:4–5Commentary on John 28.135 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248

Numbers 23:5

Then the LORD put a message in Balaam’s mouth, saying, “Return to Balak and give him this message.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:5Commentary on John 28.136 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248

Numbers 23:7

And Balaam lifted up an oracle, saying: “Balak brought me from Aram, the king of Moab from the mountains of the east. ‘Come,’ he said, ‘put a curse on Jacob for me; come and denounce Israel!’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:7Commentary on John 28.99 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Num 23:7Commentary on John 28.137 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 230–248
Num 23:7Commentary on John 28.177 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Num 23:7Homilies on Numbers 15.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:7Homilies on Numbers 15.2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:7Homilies on Numbers 18.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:7Oration 4.54 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Num 23:7–10Against the Letter of Parmenian 2.17 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 400
Num 23:7–8Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 1–3 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence5th century (disputed)
Num 23:7–11Commonitorium 1.31–60 · Orientius of Auchallusion, high confidenceca. 420-450
Num 23:7–24:9Sermon 49 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, high confidenceca. 425-450
Num 23:7–24:9Part 2, chapter 12 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450

Numbers 23:8

How can I curse those whom God has not cursed? How can I denounce those whom the LORD has not denounced?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:8Homilies on Numbers 15.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:8Commentary on Romans 3.4 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Num 23:8Letters 210, 211 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 357–378
Num 23:8Commentary on 1 Corinthians 13:2 · Ambrosiasterallusion, high confidenceca. 366–384
Num 23:8Question 127, section 6 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 370–384
Num 23:8On the Life of Moses 421 · Gregory of Nyssaquotation, high confidenceca. 385–395

Numbers 23:9

For I see them from atop the rocky cliffs, and I watch them from the hills. Behold, a people dwelling apart, not reckoning themselves among the nations.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:9Homilies on Numbers 15.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Numbers 23:10

Who can count the dust of Jacob or number even a fourth of Israel? Let me die the death of the righteous; let my end be like theirs!”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:10Homilies on Numbers 15.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:10Homilies on Numbers 15.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:10Homilies on Numbers 15.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:10Exposition of Psalm 118 16.30.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Num 23:10Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.48.3 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Num 23:10Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.51.5 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-397

Numbers 23:11

Then Balak said to Balaam, “What have you done to me? I brought you here to curse my enemies, and behold, you have only blessed them!”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:11Homilies on Numbers 16.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:11Letter 78.43 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Num 23:11The Conferences 13.11 · John Cassianallusion, medium confidenceca. 426–429

Numbers 23:12

But Balaam replied, “Should I not speak exactly what the LORD puts in my mouth?”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:12Against Marcion 4.28 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Num 23:12Homilies on Numbers 16.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Numbers 23:13

Then Balak said to him, “Please come with me to another place where you can see them. You will only see the outskirts of their camp—not all of them. And from there, curse them for me.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:13Homilies on Numbers 16.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Numbers 23:14

So Balak took him to the field of Zophim, to the top of Pisgah, where he built seven altars and offered a bull and a ram on each altar.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:14–17Homilies on Numbers 16.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:14Pilgrimage (Itinerarium) 12.10 · Egeriaallusion, high confidenceca. 381-395

Numbers 23:16

And the LORD met with Balaam and put a message in his mouth, saying, “Return to Balak and speak what I tell you.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:16Commentary on John 28.138 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248

Numbers 23:18

Then Balaam lifted up an oracle, saying: “Arise, O Balak, and listen; give ear to me, O son of Zippor.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:18–24Homilies on Numbers 16.2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:18–24Numbers, lines 668–691 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Numbers 23:19

God is not a man, that He should lie, or a son of man, that He should change His mind. Does He speak and not act? Does He promise and not fulfill?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:19Fragment 22 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 170–200
Num 23:19Homilies on Numbers 16.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:19Homilies on Numbers 16.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:19Homilies on Jeremiah 18.6 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240
Num 23:19Lines 501–524 · Commodianquotation, high confidence3rd century (disputed)
Num 23:19Commentary on Matthew 17.17 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 246–248
Num 23:19To Quirinus 2.20 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, medium confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Num 23:19Divine Institutes 4.18.29 · Lactantiusquotation, medium confidenceca. 303–311
Num 23:19Epitome of the Divine Institutes 41.4 · Lactantiusquotation, medium confidenceca. 314–320
Num 23:19Demonstration 4.13 · Aphrahatallusion, medium confidence337-345
Num 23:19Oration I Against the Arians 21 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 339–346
Num 23:19Oration I Against the Arians 27 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, medium confidenceca. 339–346
Num 23:19Oration I Against the Arians 28 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, medium confidenceca. 339–346
Num 23:19Oration II Against the Arians 35 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 339–346
Num 23:19Letters to Serapion 4.6 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 357–360
Num 23:19Question 46, section 3 · Ambrosiasterallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–384
Num 23:19Ancoratus 48.7 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374
Num 23:19On the Christian Faith 1.12 · Ambrosequotation, medium confidenceca. 378–380
Num 23:19Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 42 · Evagrius of Gaulecho, low confidenceca. 400
Num 23:19City of God 15.25 · Augustine of Hippoecho, low confidence413–426

Numbers 23:20

I have indeed received a command to bless; He has blessed, and I cannot change it.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:20Homilies on Numbers 16.5 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Numbers 23:21

He considers no disaster for Jacob; He sees no trouble for Israel. The LORD their God is with them, and the shout of the King is among them.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:21Homilies on Numbers 16.5 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:21–22Homilies on Numbers 16.6 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:21Homilies on Jeremiah 17.6 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240
Num 23:21Letter 77.10 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Num 23:21Letter 130.7 · Jeromequotation, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Num 23:21On the Complaints of Job and David 3.19 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 383-390

Numbers 23:22

God brought them out of Egypt with strength like a wild ox.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:22Eleven Tractates 1.28 · Priscillianallusion, low confidenceca. 380–385

Numbers 23:23

For there is no spell against Jacob and no divination against Israel. It will now be said of Jacob and Israel, ‘What great things God has done!’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:23Fragments on Genesis, column 123 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Num 23:23Homilies on Ezekiel 2.5 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
Num 23:23Homilies on Numbers 13.6 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:23Homilies on Numbers 16.7 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:23Against Celsus 4.95 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Num 23:23On the Witch of Endor 2 · Eustathius of Antiochquotation, high confidenceca. 324–337
Num 23:23Apostolic Constitutions 2.62.2 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Num 23:23Apostolic Constitutions 7.6.1 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380

Numbers 23:24

Behold, the people rise like a lioness; they rouse themselves like a lion, not resting until they devour their prey and drink the blood of the slain.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:24Homilies on Numbers 16.8 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:24Homilies on Numbers 16.9 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Num 23:24To Quirinus 1.21 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)

Numbers 23:27

“Please come,” said Balak, “I will take you to another place. Perhaps it will please God that you curse them for me from there.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:27–30Homilies on Numbers 17.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Numbers 23:28

And Balak took Balaam to the top of Peor, which overlooks the wasteland.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 23:28Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 577 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Num 23:28Pilgrimage (Itinerarium) 12.8 · Egeriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 381-395