Luke 21 in the early church
239 passages quote, allude to, or echo Luke 21, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 31 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37
Luke 21:1
Then Jesus looked up and saw the rich putting their gifts into the treasury,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:1–4 | Commentary on John 19.41 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 21:1–3 | Commentary on John 19.48 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 21:1–2 | Commentary on John 19.51 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 21:1 | Address of Thanksgiving 3 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–245 |
| Luke 21:1–4 | Acta Archelai (Latin) 47 · Hegemonius | allusion, medium confidence | early to mid 4th century (Greek original) |
| Luke 21:1–4 | Moral Rules (Moralia) 37 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-370 |
| Luke 21:1–4 | Apostolic Constitutions 3.7.7 · Anonymous | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Luke 21:1 | Poem 18, lines 33–64 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Luke 21:1–4 | Part 2, chapter 29 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Luke 21:2
and He saw a poor widow put in two small copper coins.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:2 | Commentary on Matthew 15.21 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Luke 21:2 | Tractates on the Psalms 128.11 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Luke 21:2 | Letter 118.5 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Luke 21:2 | Letter 145.5 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Luke 21:2 | On Virgins 1.10 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 377 |
| Luke 21:2 | Eleven Tractates 9.123 · Priscillian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Luke 21:2 | Sermon 47.30 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 21:2 | Sermon 259.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 21:2 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.146 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 21:2 | The Harmony of the Gospels 4.8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 21:3
“Truly I tell you,” He said, “this poor widow has put in more than all the others.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:3 | Miscellanies 4.6.35 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Luke 21:3–4 | Commentary on John 19.46 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 21:3 | On Works and Almsgiving 15 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 253 |
| Luke 21:3 | Commentary on 2 Corinthians 9:8 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Luke 21:3 | Sermon 47.30 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Luke 21:4
For they all contributed out of their surplus, but she out of her poverty has put in all she had to live on.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:4 | Against Heresies 4.18.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Luke 21:4 | Commentary on John 19.49 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 21:4 | On Works and Almsgiving 15 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 253 |
| Luke 21:4 | Commentary on 2 Corinthians 9:8 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Luke 21:4 | Sermon 47.30 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 21:4 | Letters 34.3 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Luke 21:6
“As for what you see here, the time will come when not one stone will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:6 | Poem 31, lines 315–346 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Luke 21:6 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.146 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 21:7
“Teacher,” they asked, “when will these things happen? And what will be the sign that they are about to take place?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:7 | Homilies on Matthew 75.1 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Luke 21:7 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.147 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 21:8
Jesus answered, “See to it that you are not deceived. For many will come in My name, claiming, ‘I am He,’ and, ‘The time is near.’ Do not follow them.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:8 | Against Marcion 4.39 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Luke 21:8 | Letter 2.4 · Alexander of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 319–324 |
| Luke 21:8 | To the Bishops of Egypt 1 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356 |
| Luke 21:8 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 41.3.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 21:8 | On the Christian Faith 5.16 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 378–380 |
| Luke 21:8 | Part 4, chapter 5 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Luke 21:9
When you hear of wars and rebellions, do not be alarmed. These things must happen first, but the end is not imminent.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:9 | 4.15 (continued) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-204 |
| Luke 21:9–11 | Against Marcion 4.39 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Luke 21:9 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 34 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Luke 21:9 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 35 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Luke 21:9–11 | Sermon 296.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Luke 21:10
Then He told them, “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:10 | Apology 20 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 197 |
| Luke 21:10 | On Mortality 2 · Cyprian of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | 252–253 |
| Luke 21:10 | Commentary on the Apocalypse 6.2 · Victorinus of Pettau | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd century |
Luke 21:11
There will be great earthquakes, famines, and pestilences in various places, along with fearful sights and great signs from heaven.
Luke 21:12
But before all this, they will seize you and persecute you. On account of My name they will deliver you to the synagogues and prisons, and they will bring you before kings and governors.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:12–19 | Against Marcion 4.39 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Luke 21:12 | Apology for Origen 4.1 · Pamphilus of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 308–310 (Rufinus's Latin about 397) |
| Luke 21:12 | Martyrs of Palestine (shorter recension) 6.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 311–314 |
| Luke 21:12 | Letter 198.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Luke 21:12 | Sermon 303.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 21:12 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 94.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
Luke 21:14
So make up your mind not to worry beforehand how to defend yourselves.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:14 | Exhortation to Martyrdom 34 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | 235 |
| Luke 21:14–15 | Letter 76.5 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 249/250–258 |
| Luke 21:14–15 | To Fortunatus 10 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 253 or 257 |
| Luke 21:14–15 | On the Holy Spirit 10 · Didymus the Blind | quotation, high confidence | Greek ca. 360-390; Latin 387-391 |
| Luke 21:14–15 | On the Holy Spirit 18 · Didymus the Blind | quotation, high confidence | Greek ca. 360-390; Latin 387-391 |
Luke 21:15
For I will give you speech and wisdom that none of your adversaries will be able to resist or contradict.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:15 | Exhortation to Martyrdom 34 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | 235 |
| Luke 21:15 | Exhortation to Martyrdom 36 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | 235 |
| Luke 21:15 | Letter 50 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Luke 21:15 | On the Holy Spirit 9 · Didymus the Blind | allusion, medium confidence | Greek ca. 360-390; Latin 387-391 |
| Luke 21:15 | Homilies on Matthew 33.2 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Luke 21:15 | Sermon 313.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Luke 21:16
You will be betrayed even by parents and brothers and relatives and friends, and some of you will be put to death.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:16 | Exhortation to Martyrdom 34 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | 235 |
| Luke 21:16–17 | Part 3, chapter 34 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Luke 21:17
And you will be hated by everyone because of My name.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:17 | Exhortation to Martyrdom 34 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | 235 |
| Luke 21:17 | To Quirinus 3.29 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
Luke 21:18
Yet not even a hair of your head will perish.
Luke 21:19
By your patient endurance you will gain your souls.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:19 | Exhortation to Martyrdom 34 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | 235 |
| Luke 21:19 | Homilies on Judges 7.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Luke 21:19 | Commentary on Romans 2.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Luke 21:19 | Commentary on Romans 2.7 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Luke 21:19 | Oration 14.22 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Luke 21:19 | Oration 16.13 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Luke 21:19 | Oration 19.11 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Luke 21:19 | Letter 108.18 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Luke 21:19 | Letter 129.2 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Luke 21:19 | Sermon 303.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 21:19 | On Patience 6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 415 |
Luke 21:20
But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, you will know that her desolation is near.
Luke 21:21
Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, let those in the city get out, and let those in the country stay out of the city.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:21 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 29.7.8 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 21:21 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 21:21 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.17 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 21:21 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.150 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 21:22
For these are the days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:22 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 21:22 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.17 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 21:22 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.150 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 21:23
How miserable those days will be for pregnant and nursing mothers! For there will be great distress upon the land and wrath against this people.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:23 | Exhortation to Chastity 9 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 208 |
| Luke 21:23–24 | Church History 3.7.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| Luke 21:23 | On Cain and Abel 2.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Luke 21:23 | On the Making of Man 25 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, medium confidence | 379 |
| Luke 21:23–24 | Letter 199.27 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Luke 21:23 | Commentary on Ephesians 5:24 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386 |
Luke 21:24
They will fall by the edge of the sword and be led captive into all the nations. And Jerusalem will be trodden down by the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:24 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 22 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Luke 21:24 | Divine Institutes 4.21.4 · Lactantius | echo, medium confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| Luke 21:24 | Demonstration of the Gospel 7.1.63 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Luke 21:24 | Oration 22.2 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Luke 21:24 | Oration 45.22 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Luke 21:24 | On the Christian Faith 5.16 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 378–380 |
| Luke 21:24–26 | Letter 198.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Luke 21:25
There will be signs in the sun and moon and stars, and on the earth dismay among the nations, bewildered by the roaring of the sea and the surging of the waves.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:25 | Epistle of the Apostles 34 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 140-170 |
| Luke 21:25 | Heads against Gaius, fragment II (on Rev 8:12) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 200-235 |
| Luke 21:25–28 | Against Marcion 4.39 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Luke 21:25 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 22 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Luke 21:25–26 | In Praise of Martyrdom 13 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Luke 21:25 | Divine Institutes 7.15.6 · Lactantius | echo, medium confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| Luke 21:25 | Hexaemeron 6.4 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370 |
| Luke 21:25 | On the Destruction of Jerusalem 5.44 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370 |
| Luke 21:25–26 | Letter 199.38 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Luke 21:25 | Letter 199.40 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Luke 21:25 | Hexameron (Exameron) 4.12 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
Luke 21:26
Men will faint from fear and anxiety over what is coming upon the earth, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:26 | Heads against Gaius, fragment II (on Rev 8:12) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 200-235 |
| Luke 21:26 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 22 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Luke 21:26–27 | Letter 199.36 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Luke 21:26 | Letter 199.37 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Luke 21:27
At that time they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:27 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 22 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Luke 21:27 | Letter 199.41 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Luke 21:27–31 | Letter 199.42 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Luke 21:28
When these things begin to happen, stand up and lift up your heads, because your redemption is drawing near.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:28 | On Christ and Antichrist 64 · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 200–215 |
| Luke 21:28 | Heads against Gaius, fragment III (on Rev 9:2-3) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 200-235 |
| Luke 21:28 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 22 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Luke 21:28 | Commentary on Romans 9.32 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Luke 21:28 | Catechetical Lecture 18.31 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Luke 21:28 | Letter 198.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Luke 21:29
Then Jesus told them a parable: “Look at the fig tree and all the trees.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:29–33 | Against Marcion 4.39 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Luke 21:29 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 22 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Luke 21:29–31 | Sermon 106 · Peter Chrysologus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Luke 21:31
So also, when you see these things happening, know that the kingdom of God is near.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:31 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 22 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Luke 21:31 | On Mortality 2 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 252–253 |
| Luke 21:31 | Letter 199.27 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Luke 21:34
But watch yourselves, or your hearts will be weighed down by dissipation, drunkenness, and the worries of life—and that day will spring upon you suddenly like a snare.
Luke 21:35
For it will come upon all who dwell on the face of all the earth.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:35 | Against Heresies 4.36.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Luke 21:35 | Letter 148.31 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Luke 21:35 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.151 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 21:36
So keep watch at all times, and pray that you may have the strength to escape all that is about to happen and to stand before the Son of Man.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:36 | Against Heresies 4.36.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Luke 21:36 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 22 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Luke 21:36 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 56 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Luke 21:36 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.151 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 21:37
Every day Jesus taught at the temple, but every evening He went out to spend the night on the Mount of Olives.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 21:37–38 | Against Marcion 4.39 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Luke 21:37 | Demonstration of the Gospel 8.4.25 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Luke 21:37 | Letters 26.4 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |