Genesis 49 in the early church
452 passages quote, allude to, or echo Genesis 49, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 31 · 33
Genesis 49:1
Then Jacob called for his sons and said, “Gather around so that I can tell you what will happen to you in the days to come:
Genesis 49:2
Come together and listen, O sons of Jacob; listen to your father Israel.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:2 | On Joseph 85 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
Genesis 49:3
Reuben, you are my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength, excelling in honor, excelling in power.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:3 | Fragment 7 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 3. 4) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:3–4 | Homilies on Numbers 26.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gen 49:3–7 | Demonstration of the Gospel 8.1.6 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Gen 49:3–4 | Demonstration 14.33 · Aphrahat | allusion, medium confidence | 337-345 |
| Gen 49:3 | Oration II Against the Arians 48 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Gen 49:3 | Oration II Against the Arians 63 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Gen 49:3 | Ancoratus 97.1 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
| Gen 49:3 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 7 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:3 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.16.2 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Genesis 49:4
Uncontrolled as the waters, you will no longer excel, because you went up to your father’s bed, onto my couch, and defiled it.
Genesis 49:5
Simeon and Levi are brothers; their swords are weapons of violence.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:5–7 | Against the Jews 10 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 197–207 |
| Gen 49:5 | Fragment 8 on Genesis (Gen. 49, ὅ) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:5 | Against Marcion 3.18 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Gen 49:5 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 1.7 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 49:5 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 10 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
Genesis 49:6
May I never enter their council; may I never join their assembly. For they kill men in their anger, and hamstring oxen on a whim.
Genesis 49:7
Cursed be their anger, for it is strong, and their wrath, for it is cruel! I will disperse them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:7 | The Instructor 1.7.58 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Gen 49:7 | Fragment 14 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 72) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:7 | Fragment 15 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 74) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:7 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 811 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 49:7 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.38 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 49:7 | Homilies on Matthew 8.2 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Gen 49:7 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 14 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:7 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.17.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Genesis 49:8
Judah, your brothers shall praise you. Your hand shall be on the necks of your enemies; your father’s sons shall bow down to you.
Genesis 49:9
Judah is a young lion—my son, you return from the prey. Like a lion he crouches and lies down; like a lioness, who dares to rouse him?
Genesis 49:10
The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the staff from between his feet, until Shiloh comes and the allegiance of the nations is his.
Genesis 49:11
He ties his donkey to the vine, his colt to the choicest branch. He washes his garments in wine, his robes in the blood of grapes.
Genesis 49:12
His eyes are darker than wine, and his teeth are whiter than milk.
Genesis 49:13
Zebulun shall dwell by the seashore and become a harbor for ships; his border shall extend to Sidon.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:13 | Fragment 26 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 180. ©) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:13 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 26 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:13 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 27 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:13 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 29 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
Genesis 49:14
Issachar is a strong donkey, lying down between the sheepfolds.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:14 | Fragment 27 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 142) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:14 | Fragment 28 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 14%) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:14 | Fragment 29 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 14%) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:14 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 30 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:14 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 48.15.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Genesis 49:15
He saw that his resting place was good and that his land was pleasant, so he bent his shoulder to the burden and submitted to labor as a servant.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:15 | Fragment 30 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 15a) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:15 | Fragment 31 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 15%) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:15 | Fragment 32 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 15° ἃ) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:15 | PG 12:1183 (Ps 8 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 49:15 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 30 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:15 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 31 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:15 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 59 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:15 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 48.15.4 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Genesis 49:16
Dan shall provide justice for his people as one of the tribes of Israel.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:16 | On Christ and Antichrist 15 · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 200–215 |
| Gen 49:16 | Fragment 33 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 16) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:16 | Commentary on John 6.118 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Gen 49:16 | Commentary on the Apocalypse 4.5 · Victorinus of Pettau | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd century |
| Gen 49:16 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 32 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:16 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 40.25.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Gen 49:16–18 | Part 4, chapter 9 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Genesis 49:17
He will be a snake by the road, a viper in the path that bites the horse’s heels so that its rider tumbles backward.
Genesis 49:18
I await Your salvation, O LORD.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:18 | Against Heresies 3.10.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Gen 49:18 | On the Complaints of Job and David 4.28 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
| Gen 49:18 | On Naboth 65 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 49:18 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 32 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:18 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 40.25.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Gen 49:18 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 40.30.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Gen 49:18 | The Conferences 13.12 · John Cassian | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Genesis 49:19
Gad will be attacked by raiders, but he will attack their heels.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:19 | Fragment 37 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 193) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:19 | Fragment 38 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 19%) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:19 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 35 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
Genesis 49:20
Asher’s food will be rich; he shall provide royal delicacies.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:20 | Fragment 39 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 20) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:20 | On Joseph 13 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Gen 49:20 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 38 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
Genesis 49:21
Naphtali is a doe set free that bears beautiful fawns.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:21 | Fragment 40 on Genesis (Gen. 49.212) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:21 | Fragment 41 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 21) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:21 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.40 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 49:21 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 41 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:21 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 43 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
Genesis 49:22
Joseph is a fruitful vine—a fruitful vine by a spring, whose branches scale the wall.
Genesis 49:23
The archers attacked him with bitterness; they aimed at him in hostility.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:23 | Fragment 44 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 22c—242) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:23 | On Joseph 13 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Gen 49:23 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 46 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:23 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.19.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Genesis 49:24
Yet he steadied his bow, and his strong arms were tempered by the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob, in the name of the Shepherd, the Rock of Israel,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:24 | Fragment 44 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 22c—242) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:24 | Fragment 45 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 24%) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:24 | Fragment 46 on Genesis (ı Gen. 49, 24°. 25%) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:24 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 46 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:24 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 49 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
Genesis 49:25
by the God of your father who helps you, and by the Almighty who blesses you, with blessings of the heavens above, with blessings of the depths below, with blessings of the breasts and womb.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:25 | Fragment 46 on Genesis (ı Gen. 49, 24°. 25%) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:25 | Fragment 47 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 25% 56, 268) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:25 | Homilies on the Psalms 29.2 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| Gen 49:25 | On the Duties of the Clergy 2.16 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Gen 49:25 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 46 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:25 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 49 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:25 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 50 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:25 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 51 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:25 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.19.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Genesis 49:26
The blessings of your father have surpassed the blessings of the ancient mountains and the bounty of the everlasting hills. May they rest on the head of Joseph, on the brow of the prince of his brothers.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:26 | Fragment 47 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 25% 56, 268) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:26 | Fragment 48 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 20}) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:26 | Fragment 49 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 26») · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:26 | Fragment 50 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 26°) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:26 | Fragment 50 on Genesis (Gen. 49, 26°) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 49:26 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.40 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 49:26 | On the Duties of the Clergy 2.16 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Gen 49:26 | On Joseph 13 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Gen 49:26 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 46 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Gen 49:26 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 52 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
Genesis 49:27
Benjamin is a ravenous wolf; in the morning he devours the prey, in the evening he divides the plunder.”
Genesis 49:28
These are the tribes of Israel, twelve in all, and this was what their father said to them. He blessed them, and he blessed each one with a suitable blessing.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:28 | Against Heresies 1.18.4 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Gen 49:28 | PG 12:1173 (Ps 5–6 LXX) · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 49:28 | Commentary on Romans 1.8 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Gen 49:28 | Sermon 170 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Genesis 49:29
Then Jacob instructed them, “I am about to be gathered to my people. Bury me with my fathers in the cave in the field of Ephron the Hittite.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:29–31 | On First Principles 4.3.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Gen 49:29 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.38 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
Genesis 49:31
There Abraham and his wife Sarah are buried, there Isaac and his wife Rebekah are buried, and there I buried Leah.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:31 | Fragment on 1 Corinthians (Jenkins § 35, part 1) · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 226-254 |
| Gen 49:31 | Homilies on Joshua 18.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gen 49:31 | Apology for Origen 6.1 · Pamphilus of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 308–310 (Rufinus's Latin about 397) |
| Gen 49:31 | Bordeaux Pilgrim 599 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 333 |
Genesis 49:33
When Jacob had finished instructing his sons, he pulled his feet into the bed and breathed his last, and he was gathered to his people.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 49:33 | On the Incarnation 37.1 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 318–325 |
| Gen 49:33 | Life of Antony 92 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |