James 1 in the early church
250 passages quote, allude to, or echo James 1, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 22 · 23 · 25 · 26 · 27
James 1 as a whole
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1–Jas:5 | Canon 60 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 343–381 |
| Jas 1–Jas:5 | Canon 47 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 397 |
James 1:1
James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, To the twelve tribes of the Dispersion: Greetings.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:1 | Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude 9.17.1 (94.1) · Hermas | echo, low confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| Jas 1:1 | Arabic commentary on the Apocalypse, fragment 1 (on Rev 7, 4—8) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 200-235 |
| Jas 1:1 | On Illustrious Men 2 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | 392–393 |
| Jas 1:1 | Retractations 2.32 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 426-427 |
James 1:2
Consider it pure joy, my brothers, when you encounter trials of many kinds,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:2 | Sentences of Sextus 385 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| Jas 1:2 | Cib. 1 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Jas 1:2 | Catechetical Lecture 23.17 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Jas 1:2 | Sermon 15.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 1:2–4 | Sermon 159.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 1:2–4 | Sermon 159.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 1:2 | Sermon 296.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 1:2 | City of God 14.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
James 1:3
because you know that the testing of your faith develops perseverance.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:3 | Epistle of the Apostles 36 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 140-170 |
| Jas 1:3 | Cib. 1 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Jas 1:3 | Letters 16.5 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
James 1:4
Allow perseverance to finish its work, so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:4 | To the Philippians 12.3 · Polycarp of Smyrna | echo, low confidence | ca. 110–135 |
| Jas 1:4 | Sermon 284.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
James 1:5
Now if any of you lacks wisdom, he should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to him.
James 1:6
But he must ask in faith, without doubting, because he who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed by the wind.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:6 | Shepherd of Hermas, Mandate 9.1 (39.1) · Hermas | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| Jas 1:6 | Sentences of Sextus 6 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| Jas 1:6 | Apostolic Church Order 13 · Anonymous | allusion, low confidence | ca. 300 |
| Jas 1:6–8 | Oration to the Assembly of the Saints 11.1 · Constantine the Great | echo, low confidence | ca. 325 (dated variously 317–325) |
| Jas 1:6 | Oration to the Assembly of the Saints 26.2 · Constantine the Great | echo, low confidence | ca. 325 (dated variously 317–325) |
| Jas 1:6 | Long recension, Hero 5 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| Jas 1:6 | On the Spirit and the Letter 56 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 412 |
| Jas 1:6 | On Nature and Grace 17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 415 |
| Jas 1:6 | On the Gift of Perseverance 17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 428/429 |
James 1:7
That man should not expect to receive anything from the Lord.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:7 | Shepherd of Hermas, Mandate 9.5 (39.5) · Hermas | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
James 1:8
He is a double-minded man, unstable in all his ways.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:8 | Didache 4.4 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 50–150 (often ca. 100) |
| Jas 1:8 | 1 Clement 23.3 · Clement of Rome | echo, low confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| Jas 1:8 | Shepherd of Hermas, Mandate 9.1 (39.1) · Hermas | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| Jas 1:8 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 237 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Jas 1:8 | Exhortation to Martyrdom 11 · Origen | echo, low confidence | 235 |
| Jas 1:8 | Homilies on Exodus 8.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Jas 1:8 | Homilies on Jeremiah 14.8 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 240 |
| Jas 1:8 | Letter 3 · Ammonas | echo, low confidence | ca. 340-360 |
| Jas 1:8 | On the Decrees of Nicaea 4 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350–356 |
| Jas 1:8 | Hexameron (Exameron) 3.69 · Ambrose | allusion, low confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Jas 1:8 | The Institutes 7.15 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 419–426 |
James 1:10
But the one who is rich should exult in his low position, because he will pass away like a flower of the field.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:10 | Exhortation to the Greeks 11.117 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Jas 1:10 | Letter 277 · Basil of Caesarea | echo, medium confidence | ca. 357–378 |
James 1:11
For the sun rises with scorching heat and withers the plant; its flower falls and its beauty is lost. So too, the rich man will fade away in the midst of his pursuits.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:11 | Testament of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste 2 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 320 |
James 1:12
Blessed is the man who perseveres under trial, because when he has stood the test, he will receive the crown of life that God has promised to those who love Him.
James 1:13
When tempted, no one should say, “God is tempting me.” For God cannot be tempted by evil, nor does He tempt anyone.
James 1:14
But each one is tempted when by his own evil desires he is lured away and enticed.
James 1:15
Then after desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and sin, when it is full-grown, gives birth to death.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:15 | Homilies on Leviticus 12.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Jas 1:15 | Life of Antony 21 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Jas 1:15 | On the Holy Spirit 41 · Didymus the Blind | quotation, high confidence | Greek ca. 360-390; Latin 387-391 |
| Jas 1:15 | Hexaemeron 6.1 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370 |
| Jas 1:15 | Letter 149.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 1:15 | Tractates on Matthew 9.1 · Chromatius of Aquileia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 388–407 |
| Jas 1:15 | Sermon 57.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 1:15 | Sermon 58.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 1:15 | On the Trinity 9.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Jas 1:15 | On Grace and Free Will 2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426 |
| Jas 1:15 | The Conferences 5.4 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
James 1:16
Do not be deceived, my beloved brothers.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:16–18 | Against Jovinianus 1.39 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| Jas 1:16–18 | Book 1, chapter 24 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 440-450 |
James 1:17
Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the heavenly lights, with whom there is no change or shifting shadow.
James 1:18
He chose to give us birth through the word of truth, that we would be a kind of firstfruits of His creation.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:18 | Against Heresies 5.1.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Jas 1:18 | Oration III Against the Arians 61 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Jas 1:18 | Letter 140.62 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 1:18 | Letter 149.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 1:18 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
James 1:19
My beloved brothers, understand this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak, and slow to anger,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:19 | Sentences of Sextus 171 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| Jas 1:19 | Letter 108.26 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 1:19 | Letter 193.13 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 1:19 | Letter 266.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 1:19 | Sermon 179.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 1:19 | Sermon 179.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 1:19 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 57.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Jas 1:19 | Retractations 0.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 426-427 |
| Jas 1:19 | The Conferences 14.9 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
James 1:20
for man’s anger does not bring about the righteousness that God desires.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:20 | Life of Antony 21 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Jas 1:20 | Letter 79.9 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 1:20 | Letter 250.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 1:20 | The Institutes 8.1 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 419–426 |
James 1:22
Be doers of the word, and not hearers only. Otherwise, you are deceiving yourselves.
James 1:23
For anyone who hears the word but does not carry it out is like a man who looks at his face in a mirror,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:23 | Address of Thanksgiving 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | echo, low confidence | ca. 238–245 |
| Jas 1:23–24 | Demonstration 14.49 · Aphrahat | allusion, medium confidence | 337-345 |
| Jas 1:23–25 | Letter 211.16 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 1:23 | Sermon 351.5 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, low confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 1:23–25 | Sermon on the Barbarian Time 3 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | echo, low confidence | ca. 437-450 |
James 1:25
But the one who looks intently into the perfect law of freedom, and continues to do so—not being a forgetful hearer, but an effective doer—he will be blessed in what he does.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:25 | Against Heresies 4.39.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Jas 1:25 | Letters 5.6 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Jas 1:25 | On Nature and Grace 67 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 415 |
James 1:26
If anyone considers himself religious and yet does not bridle his tongue, he deceives his heart and his religion is worthless.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:26 | Letters to Virgins 1.3.4 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century |
| Jas 1:26 | Instructions 2.7 · Commodian | echo, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Jas 1:26 | Letter 1.5 · Antony the Great | quotation, high confidence | before 356 |
James 1:27
Pure and undefiled religion before our God and Father is this: to care for orphans and widows in their distress, and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 1:27 | Shepherd of Hermas, Mandate 8.10 (38.10) · Hermas | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| Jas 1:27 | Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude 1.8 (50.8) · Hermas | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| Jas 1:27 | Apocalypse of Peter (Akhmim fragment) 30 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| Jas 1:27 | To Polycarp 4.1 · Ignatius of Antioch | echo, low confidence | ca. 110 (range ca. 105–135) |
| Jas 1:27 | To the Smyrnaeans 6.2 · Ignatius of Antioch | echo, medium confidence | ca. 110 (range ca. 105–135) |
| Jas 1:27 | Apology 15 · Aristides of Athens | echo, medium confidence | ca. 125–145 |
| Jas 1:27 | First Apology 67 · Justin Martyr | echo, low confidence | ca. 150–155 |
| Jas 1:27 | Sentences of Sextus 340 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| Jas 1:27 | Sentence 340 (Greek) · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| Jas 1:27 | Acts of Peter (Vercelli) 8 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 180–200 |
| Jas 1:27 | The Instructor 3.4.30 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Jas 1:27 | Letters to Virgins 1.4.1 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century |
| Jas 1:27 | Letters to Virgins 1.12.1 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Jas 1:27 | Homilies on Joshua 16.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Jas 1:27 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 3.9 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Jas 1:27 | Divine Institutes 6.12.21 · Lactantius | echo, medium confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| Jas 1:27 | Oration to the Assembly of the Saints 23.2 · Constantine the Great | echo, medium confidence | ca. 325 (dated variously 317–325) |
| Jas 1:27 | Oration 18.9 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, low confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Jas 1:27 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 3.22 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, low confidence | 411–412 |