James 2 in the early church
237 passages quote, allude to, or echo James 2, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26
James 2:1
My brothers, as you hold out your faith in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ, do not show favoritism.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:1 | Epistle of the Apostles 24 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 140-170 |
| Jas 2:1 | Epistle of the Apostles 38 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 140-170 |
| Jas 2:1 | Epistle of the Apostles 42 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 140-170 |
| Jas 2:1 | Epistle of the Apostles 46 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 140-170 |
| Jas 2:1 | On Modesty 5 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 210–220 |
| Jas 2:1 | Letter 132.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:1 | Letter 132.18 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:1–4 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.58.4 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Jas 2:1–11 | Letter 167.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 2:1 | Letter 167.18 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 2:1–4 | Confessions 8.9 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Jas 2:1 | Apology against Jerome 2.19 · Rufinus of Aquileia | echo, low confidence | ca. 401 |
| Jas 2:1 | On Grace and Free Will 2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426 |
James 2:2
Suppose a man comes into your meeting wearing a gold ring and fine clothes, and a poor man in shabby clothes also comes in.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:2 | Sentences of Sextus 192 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| Jas 2:2 | Letter 132.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:2–3 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.58.6 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
James 2:3
If you lavish attention on the man in fine clothes and say, “Here is a seat of honor,” but say to the poor man, “You must stand” or “Sit at my feet,”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:3 | Letter 132.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
James 2:4
have you not discriminated among yourselves and become judges with evil thoughts?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:4 | Letter 132.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:4 | Letter 132.18 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:4 | Letter 167.18 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
James 2:5
Listen, my beloved brothers: Has not God chosen the poor of this world to be rich in faith and to inherit the kingdom He promised those who love Him?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:5 | To Diognetus 10.2 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 150–200 (disputed) |
| Jas 2:5 | Divine Institutes 7.1.19 · Lactantius | echo, low confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| Jas 2:5 | Letter 132.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:5 | Eleven Tractates 1.19 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Jas 2:5 | On the Predestination of the Saints 17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 428/429 |
| Jas 2:5 | On the Governance of God 3.52 · Salvian of Marseilles | quotation, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |
James 2:6
But you have dishonored the poor. Is it not the rich who oppress you and drag you into court?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:6 | Letter 132.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:6 | On the Governance of God 3.52 · Salvian of Marseilles | quotation, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |
James 2:7
Are they not the ones who blaspheme the noble name by which you have been called?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:7 | History of the Arians 78 · Athanasius of Alexandria | echo, low confidence | ca. 357 |
| Jas 2:7 | Letter 132.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:7 | On the Governance of God 3.52 · Salvian of Marseilles | quotation, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |
James 2:8
If you really fulfill the royal law stated in Scripture, “Love your neighbor as yourself,” you are doing well.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:8 | Letter 132.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:8 | Letter 132.19 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:8–9 | Letter 167.19 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 2:8 | On Grace and Free Will 17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426 |
James 2:9
But if you show favoritism, you sin and are convicted by the law as transgressors.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:9 | Letter 132.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:9 | Letter 132.19 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
James 2:10
Whoever keeps the whole law but stumbles at just one point is guilty of breaking all of it.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:10 | Sentences of Sextus 297 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| Jas 2:10 | PG 12:1585 (Ps 118 LXX) · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Jas 2:10 | Homilies 13.14 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 4th century (reworking earlier material) |
| Jas 2:10 | Letter 69.10 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:10 | Letter 132.1 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:10 | Letter 132.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:10 | Letter 132.10 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:10 | Letter 132.16 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:10 | Letter 132.21 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:10 | Exposition of Psalm 118 1.15.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Jas 2:10 | Letter 167.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 2:10 | Letter 167.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 2:10 | Letter 167.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 2:10 | Letter 167.21 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 2:10 | Letter 169.13 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 2:10 | Against Jovinianus 2.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| Jas 2:10 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 7.12 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, low confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Jas 2:10 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 2.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 411–412 |
| Jas 2:10 | Sermon 114 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Jas 2:10 | Retractations 2.45 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 426-427 |
| Jas 2:10 | On the Governance of God 3.30 · Salvian of Marseilles | quotation, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |
James 2:11
For He who said, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not murder.” If you do not commit adultery, but do commit murder, you have become a lawbreaker.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:11 | Letter 69.10 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:11 | Letter 132.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
James 2:12
Speak and act as those who are going to be judged by the law that gives freedom.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:12 | Letter 132.19 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:12–13 | Letter 167.19 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jas 2:12 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 2.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 411–412 |
James 2:13
For judgment without mercy will be shown to anyone who has not been merciful. Mercy triumphs over judgment.
James 2:14
What good is it, my brothers, if someone claims to have faith, but has no deeds? Can such faith save him?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:14 | Epistle of the Apostles 27 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 140-170 |
| Jas 2:14–18 | Acts of Peter (Vercelli) 17 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 180–200 |
| Jas 2:14 | Sermon 234.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 2:14 | On Continence 30 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 395 |
| Jas 2:14 | Homilies on the First Epistle of John 10.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 407 |
| Jas 2:14 | City of God 21.26 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Jas 2:14 | On Faith and Works 23 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| Jas 2:14 | On Faith and Works 25 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| Jas 2:14 | On Faith and Works 27 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| Jas 2:14–17 | Against Two Letters of the Pelagians 3.14 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, medium confidence | ca. 420–421 |
| Jas 2:14 | Enchiridion (Handbook on Faith, Hope, and Love) 67 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 421–423 |
James 2:15
Suppose a brother or sister is without clothes and daily food.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:15 | Instructions 2.30 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
James 2:16
If one of you tells him, “Go in peace; stay warm and well fed,” but does not provide for his physical needs, what good is that?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:16 | Instructions 2.30 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Jas 2:16 | Exposition of Psalm 118 12.44.2 · Ambrose | echo, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
James 2:17
So too, faith by itself, if it does not result in action, is dead.
James 2:18
But someone will say, “You have faith and I have deeds.” Show me your faith without deeds, and I will show you my faith by my deeds.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:18 | Oration 26.3 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Jas 2:18 | The Conferences 15.3 · John Cassian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| Jas 2:18 | On the Governance of God 4.7 · Salvian of Marseilles | quotation, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |
James 2:19
You believe that God is one. Good for you! Even the demons believe that—and shudder.
James 2:20
O foolish man, do you want evidence that faith without deeds is worthless?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:20 | Commentary on Romans 8.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Jas 2:20 | On the Christian Life 13 · Fastidius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 411-430 |
| Jas 2:20 | Retractations 1.25 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 426-427 |
James 2:21
Was not our father Abraham justified by what he did when he offered his son Isaac on the altar?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:21 | Commentary on Romans 4.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Jas 2:21–23 | Catechetical Lecture 5.5 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, high confidence | ca. 350 |
James 2:22
You see that his faith was working with his actions, and his faith was perfected by what he did.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:22 | Commentary on Romans 4.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
James 2:23
And the Scripture was fulfilled that says, “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness,” and he was called a friend of God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:23 | 1 Clement 10.1 · Clement of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| Jas 2:23 | 1 Clement 17.2 · Clement of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| Jas 2:23 | Sentences of Sextus 86 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| Jas 2:23 | The Instructor 3.2.12 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Jas 2:23 | The Instructor 3.8.42 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Jas 2:23 | Exhortation to the Greeks 12.122 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Jas 2:23 | Against Heresies 4.13.4 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Jas 2:23 | Against Heresies 4.16.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Jas 2:23 | Miscellanies 2.20.103 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Jas 2:23 | Miscellanies 4.17.105 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Jas 2:23 | Miscellanies 7.3.19 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Jas 2:23 | Miscellanies 7.11.68 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Jas 2:23 | Against the Jews 2 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 197–207 |
| Jas 2:23 | Fragments on Luke, column 353 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Jas 2:23 | Refutation of All Heresies 10.33.11 · Hippolytus of Rome | echo, low confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Jas 2:23 | Address of Thanksgiving 15 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | echo, low confidence | ca. 238–245 |
| Jas 2:23 | On the Trinity 8 · Novatian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 240–250 |
| Jas 2:23 | Commentary on Romans 4.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Jas 2:23 | Commentary on Romans 4.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Jas 2:23 | Letter 58.5 · Cyprian of Carthage | echo, medium confidence | 249/250–258 |
| Jas 2:23 | Homilies 18.13 · Anonymous | allusion, low confidence | 4th century (reworking earlier material) |
| Jas 2:23 | Recognitions 1.32 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| Jas 2:23 | Long recension, Magnesians 10 · Anonymous | allusion, low confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| Jas 2:23 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.5.8 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Jas 2:23 | Tractates on the Psalms 138.38 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Jas 2:23 | Commentary on Romans 14:2 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, low confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Jas 2:23 | Commentary on Titus 1:14 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Jas 2:23 | Question 109, section 4 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Jas 2:23 | Letter 79.1 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jas 2:23 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 63.4.3 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Jas 2:23 | Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 34 · Evagrius of Gaul | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 400 |
| Jas 2:23 | Sermon 2.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jas 2:23 | Letters 13.20 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Jas 2:23 | Confessions 8.15 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, low confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Jas 2:23 | On the Christian Life 7 · Fastidius | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 411-430 |
| Jas 2:23 | Commentary on Jeremiah 1.24 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 414-419 |
James 2:24
As you can see, a man is justified by his deeds and not by faith alone.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:24 | 1 Clement 30.3 · Clement of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
James 2:25
In the same way, was not even Rahab the prostitute justified by her actions when she welcomed the spies and sent them off on another route?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:25 | 1 Clement 12.1 · Clement of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
James 2:26
As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without deeds is dead.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jas 2:26 | PG 12:1299 (Ps 30 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Jas 2:26 | Commentary on John 20.66 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Jas 2:26 | Homilies on Joshua 10.2 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Jas 2:26 | Commentary on Romans 2.12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Jas 2:26 | On the Holy Spirit 54 · Didymus the Blind | quotation, high confidence | Greek ca. 360-390; Latin 387-391 |
| Jas 2:26 | Oration 40.45 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Jas 2:26 | Homilies on Matthew 24.1 · John Chrysostom | echo, low confidence | ca. 390 |
| Jas 2:26 | Against Jovinianus 2.2 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| Jas 2:26 | Tractates 18 · Gaudentius of Brescia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397-410 |
| Jas 2:26 | City of God 19.27 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Jas 2:26 | On Faith and Works 23 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| Jas 2:26 | On Faith and Works 30 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| Jas 2:26 | On the Governance of God 4.6 · Salvian of Marseilles | quotation, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |