Mark 1 in the early church
281 passages quote, allude to, or echo Mark 1, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 39 · 40 · 44
Mark 1 as a whole
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1–Mark:16 | Canon 60 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 343–381 |
| Mark 1–Mark:16 | Canon 47 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 397 |
Mark 1:1
This is the beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.
Mark 1:2
As it is written in Isaiah the prophet: “Behold, I will send My messenger ahead of You, who will prepare Your way.”
Mark 1:3
“A voice of one calling in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way for the Lord, make straight paths for Him.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:3 | Commentary on John 1.82 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:3 | Against Eunomius 2.14 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 364 |
| Mark 1:3 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 51.6.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Mark 1:3 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.18 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:3 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.25 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:4
John the Baptist appeared in the wilderness, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins.
Mark 1:5
People went out to him from all of Jerusalem and the countryside of Judea. Confessing their sins, they were baptized by him in the Jordan River.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:5 | Commentary on John 6.133 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:5 | Commentary on John 6.134 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:5 | Commentary on John 6.149 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:5 | Catechetical Lecture 3.7 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Mark 1:5 | Tractates on the Psalms 137.1 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Mark 1:5 | Homilies 13.1 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Mark 1:5 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.13.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | echo, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Mark 1:5 | On Elijah and Fasting 84 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
Mark 1:6
John was clothed in camel’s hair, with a leather belt around his waist. His food was locusts and wild honey.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:6 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.13.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | echo, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Mark 1:6 | Poem 6, lines 224–254 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Mark 1:6 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.25 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:7
And he proclaimed: “After me will come One more powerful than I, the straps of whose sandals I am not worthy to stoop down and untie.
Mark 1:8
I baptize you with water, but He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:8 | Dialogue with Trypho 29.1 · Justin Martyr | echo, medium confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mark 1:8 | Commentary on John 6.222 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:8 | Against Parmenian the Donatist 5.5 · Optatus of Milevis | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 366–385 |
| Mark 1:8 | On Elijah and Fasting 84 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Mark 1:8 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.26 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:9
In those days Jesus came from Nazareth in Galilee and was baptized by John in the Jordan.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:9 | Commentary on John 6.261 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:9 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.30 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:10
As soon as Jesus came up out of the water, He saw the heavens breaking open and the Spirit descending on Him like a dove.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:10 | Sibylline Oracles 6.1ff. · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 2nd-3rd cent. |
| Mark 1:10 | Sibylline Oracles 7.61ff. · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 2nd-3rd cent. |
| Mark 1:10 | Dialogue with Trypho 88.3 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mark 1:10 | Fragment 18 on John 1:31 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 226-254 |
| Mark 1:10 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.13.7 · Epiphanius of Salamis | echo, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Mark 1:10 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 51.6.14 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Mark 1:10–11 | Letter 169.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Mark 1:10 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.31 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:11
And a voice came from heaven: “You are My beloved Son; in You I am well pleased.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:11 | The Instructor 1.6.43 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Mark 1:11 | On the Trinity 6.27 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| Mark 1:11 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.13.7 · Epiphanius of Salamis | echo, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Mark 1:11 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 51.6.14 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Mark 1:11 | Letter 169.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Mark 1:11 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.13.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Mark 1:11 | Sermon 52.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Mark 1:11 | On the Trinity 1.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Mark 1:11 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.31 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:12
At once the Spirit drove Jesus into the wilderness,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:12 | Ancoratus 5.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
| Mark 1:12 | Ancoratus 69.8 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
| Mark 1:12 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 51.16.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Mark 1:12 | In Praise of the Desert 22 · Eucherius of Lyon | allusion, high confidence | ca. 427-428 |
Mark 1:13
and He was there for forty days, being tempted by Satan. He was with the wild animals, and the angels ministered to Him.
Mark 1:14
After the arrest of John, Jesus went into Galilee and proclaimed the gospel of God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:14 | Commentary on John 10.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:14 | Commentary on John 10.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:14 | Commentary on John 10.13 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:14 | Commentary on John 10.51 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:14 | Church History 3.24.10 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| Mark 1:14 | Prophetic Extracts 4.31 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Mark 1:14 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.34 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:14 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.42 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:14 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.92 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:15
“The time is fulfilled,” He said, “and the kingdom of God is near. Repent and believe in the gospel!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:15 | Commentary on John 10.7 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:15 | Letter 198.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Mark 1:15 | Letter 199.12 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Mark 1:16
As Jesus was walking beside the Sea of Galilee, He saw Simon and his brother Andrew. They were casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:16 | Who Is the Rich Man That Is Saved? 25.2 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 190–210 |
| Mark 1:16 | Against Celsus 1.62 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mark 1:16 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.35 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:16 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.37 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:16 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.41 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:16–17 | Part 3, chapter 12 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Mark 1:17
“Come, follow Me,” Jesus said, “and I will make you fishers of men.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:17 | Homilies on Numbers 17.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Mark 1:17 | Demonstration of the Gospel 3.7.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Mark 1:17 | Tricennial Oration (In Praise of Constantine) 17.9 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | 335–336 |
| Mark 1:17 | Tractates on the Psalms 131.24 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Mark 1:17 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 20–21 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
| Mark 1:17 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 7.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 406–420 |
Mark 1:18
And at once they left their nets and followed Him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:18 | Who Is the Rich Man That Is Saved? 20.3 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 190–210 |
Mark 1:19
Going on a little farther, He saw James son of Zebedee and his brother John. They were in a boat, mending their nets.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:19 | Who Is the Rich Man That Is Saved? 25.2 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 190–210 |
| Mark 1:19 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.35 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:19 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.41 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:21
Then Jesus and His companions went to Capernaum, and right away Jesus entered the synagogue on the Sabbath and began to teach.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:21 | Commentary on John 10.7 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:21–22 | Commentary on John 10.51 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:21 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.35 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:21 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.36 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:21 | The Harmony of the Gospels 4.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:21–26 | Book 4, lines 76–98 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Mark 1:21–26 | Book 4, section 8 · Sedulius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Mark 1:22
The people were astonished at His teaching, because He taught as one who had authority, and not as the scribes.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:22 | Letter 65.9 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Mark 1:22 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.35 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:22 | The Harmony of the Gospels 4.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:23
Suddenly a man with an unclean spirit cried out in the synagogue:
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:23–24 | Commentary on John 10.52 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:23 | Against Celsus 4.93 · Origen | allusion, low confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mark 1:23–26 | Life of Antony 63 · Athanasius of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Mark 1:23 | Ancoratus 72.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
| Mark 1:23 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.35 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:23 | The Harmony of the Gospels 4.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:24
“What do You want with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have You come to destroy us? I know who You are—the Holy One of God!”
Mark 1:25
But Jesus rebuked the spirit. “Be silent!” He said. “Come out of him!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:25–27 | Commentary on John 10.53 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:25 | Homilies on Numbers 16.7 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Mark 1:25 | Life of Antony 26 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Mark 1:25 | On the Christian Faith 3.14 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 378–380 |
| Mark 1:25 | Sermon 158.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Mark 1:25 | Sermon 234.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Mark 1:25 | Sermon 365.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Mark 1:26
At this, the unclean spirit threw the man into convulsions and came out with a loud shriek.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:26 | The Harmony of the Gospels 4.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:27
All the people were amazed and began to ask one another, “What is this? A new teaching with authority! He commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey Him!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:27 | Epitome of the Divine Institutes 46.7 · Lactantius | echo, medium confidence | ca. 314–320 |
| Mark 1:27 | Oration 24.3 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
Mark 1:30
Simon’s mother-in-law was sick in bed with a fever, and they promptly told Jesus about her.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:30–31 | Commentary on John 10.53 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:30 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 51.15.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Mark 1:30 | On the Making of Man 25 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | 379 |
| Mark 1:30 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.35 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:30 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.51 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:31
So He went to her, took her by the hand, and helped her up. The fever left her, and she began to serve them.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:31 | Oration III Against the Arians 32 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Mark 1:31 | Letters to Serapion 4.14 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Mark 1:31 | Letter to Adelphius 7 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370 |
| Mark 1:31 | Letter 38.2 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Mark 1:31 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 51.15.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Mark 1:31 | Homilies on Matthew 27.1 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Mark 1:31 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.53 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:32
That evening, after sunset, people brought to Jesus all the sick and demon-possessed,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:32–34 | Commentary on John 10.54 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Mark 1:32 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.53 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:32 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 91.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
Mark 1:33
and the whole town gathered at the door.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:33 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.53 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:33 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 91.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
Mark 1:34
And He healed many who were ill with various diseases and drove out many demons. But He would not allow the demons to speak, because they knew who He was.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:34 | Homilies on the Psalms 32.1 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| Mark 1:34 | Commentary on 1 Corinthians 2:8 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Mark 1:34 | Ancoratus 72.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
| Mark 1:34 | Homilies on Matthew 13.2 · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
| Mark 1:34 | Homilies on Matthew 27.2 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Mark 1:34 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.53 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:34 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 91.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Mark 1:34 | Book 4, lines 76–98 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Mark 1:34 | Book 4, section 8 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Mark 1:35
Early in the morning, while it was still dark, Jesus got up and went out to a solitary place to pray.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:35 | On Prayer 13.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Mark 1:35 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.53 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:39
So He went throughout Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and driving out demons.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:39 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.36 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:39 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.43 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:39 | The Harmony of the Gospels 4.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:40
Then a leper came to Jesus, begging on his knees: “If You are willing, You can make me clean.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:40–44 | Fragment 12 (Hypotyposes 6; the leper) · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | late 2nd-early 3rd century |
| Mark 1:40–42 | Against the Nations 1.45 · Arnobius of Sicca | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 297–303 |
| Mark 1:40–41 | Moral Rules (Moralia) 70 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-370 |
| Mark 1:40 | Homilies on Matthew 25.1 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Mark 1:40 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.43 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:40 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.47 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:40 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.51 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Mark 1:40 | The Harmony of the Gospels 4.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Mark 1:44
“See that you don’t tell anyone. But go, show yourself to the priest and present the offering Moses prescribed for your cleansing, as a testimony to them.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:44 | Demonstration of the Gospel 3.6.6 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Mark 1:44 | Demonstration of the Gospel 8.2.115 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Mark 1:44 | Demonstration of the Gospel 9.4.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Mark 1:44 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 16.10 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 398–400 |