Titus 1 in the early church
262 passages quote, allude to, or echo Titus 1, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16
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Titus 1 as a whole
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titus 1–Titus:3 | Canon 60 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 343–381 |
| Titus 1–Titus:3 | Canon 47 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 397 |
Titus 1:1
Paul, a servant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ for the faith of God’s elect and their knowledge of the truth that leads to godliness,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titus 1:1 | Lines 61–70 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | late 2nd or 4th century (disputed) |
| Titus 1:1 | Oration I Against the Arians 5 · Athanasius of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Titus 1:1–4 | Commentary on Titus 1:1–4 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Titus 1:1 | On Genesis against the Manichaeans 1.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 388–390 |
| Titus 1:1 | On Faith and Works 11 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, low confidence | ca. 413 |
Titus 1:2
in the hope of eternal life, which God, who cannot lie, promised before time began.
Titus 1:3
In His own time He has made His word evident in the proclamation entrusted to me by the command of God our Savior.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titus 1:3 | City of God 12.17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
Titus 1:4
To Titus, my true child in our common faith: Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titus 1:4 | Commentary on Romans 1.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
Titus 1:5
The reason I left you in Crete was that you would set in order what was unfinished and appoint elders in every town, as I directed you.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titus 1:5 | The Instructor 3.12.97 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Titus 1:5 | Commentary on Matthew 14.22 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Titus 1:5 | Commentary on Romans 8.10 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Titus 1:5 | Church History 3.4.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| Titus 1:5–9 | Acta Archelai (Latin) 61 · Hegemonius | allusion, medium confidence | early to mid 4th century (Greek original) |
| Titus 1:5–11 | On Saint Athanasius 2.27 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| Titus 1:5–9 | Moral Rules (Moralia) 70 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-370 |
| Titus 1:5–6 | Moral Rules (Moralia) 71 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-370 |
| Titus 1:5–11 | Commentary on Titus 1:5–11 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Titus 1:5 | Letter 69.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:5 | Letter 146.1 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:5 | Letter 146.2 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:5 | Apostolic Constitutions 7.46.10 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Titus 1:5 | Homily 10.1 on 1 Timothy · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 392-397 |
| Titus 1:5 | Homily 10.2 on 1 Timothy · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 392-397 |
| Titus 1:5–7 | Homily 1.4 on Titus · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 392-397 |
| Titus 1:5 | Letter 13, chapter 1 · Innocent I, bishop of Rome | allusion, high confidence | 401–417 |
Titus 1:6
An elder must be blameless, the husband of but one wife, having children who are believers and who are not open to accusation of indiscretion or insubordination.
Titus 1:7
As God’s steward, an overseer must be above reproach—not self-willed, not quick-tempered, not given to drunkenness, not violent, not greedy for money.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titus 1:7 | Homilies on Leviticus 7.1 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Titus 1:7 | Instructions 2.28 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Titus 1:7 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 60 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Titus 1:7 | Letter 67.5 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 249/250–258 |
| Titus 1:7 | Acts of Fructuosus, Augurius and Eulogius 3 · Anonymous | allusion, low confidence | 259 (21 January) |
| Titus 1:7 | Canons of Hippolytus, canon 2 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 4th century |
| Titus 1:7 | Letter 54 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Titus 1:7 | Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Titus 1:7 | Question 114, section 11 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Titus 1:7 | Letter 52.11 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:7 | Letter 69.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:7 | Letter 69.9 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:7 | Letter 146.1 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:7 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.6.1 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Titus 1:7 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.24.7 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Titus 1:7 | Apostolic Constitutions 3.3.2 · Anonymous | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Titus 1:7 | Canons on the Letters of Paul 45 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–400 |
| Titus 1:7–11 | Homily 1.5 on Titus · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 392-397 |
| Titus 1:7 | On Baptism, against the Donatists 3.23 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 400–401 |
| Titus 1:7 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 41.10 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Titus 1:7 | Apologetic Book 21.7 · Orosius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 415–416 |
Titus 1:8
Instead, he must be hospitable, a lover of good, self-controlled, upright, holy, and disciplined.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titus 1:8 | Letter 69.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:8 | City of God 14.6 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, medium confidence | 413–426 |
| Titus 1:8 | City of God 14.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
Titus 1:9
He must hold firmly to the faithful word as it was taught, so that he can encourage others by sound teaching and refute those who contradict it.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titus 1:9 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.149 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Titus 1:9 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.236 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Titus 1:9 | Against Celsus 3.48 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Titus 1:9 | Against Celsus 6.7 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Titus 1:9 | Apostolic Church Order 16 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 300 |
| Titus 1:9 | On the Trinity 8.1 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| Titus 1:9 | Letters 230, 231 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Titus 1:9 | Letter 52.7 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:9 | Letter 53.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:9 | Letter 64.1 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:9 | Letter 64.20 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:9 | Letter 69.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:9 | Letter 69.8 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:9 | Letter 63 (to the church of Vercelli), section 62 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 377 |
| Titus 1:9 | Exposition of Psalm 118 10.39.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Titus 1:9–11 | Letter 34.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Titus 1:9–11 | Letter 35.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Titus 1:9 | Sermon 178.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Titus 1:9 | Sermon 178.6 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Titus 1:9 | Sermon 340.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Titus 1:9 | Against Jovinianus 1.35 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
| Titus 1:9 | On Christian Doctrine 4.16 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | Books 1–3 ca. 396–397; completed 426–427 |
| Titus 1:9 | On Christian Doctrine 4.28 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | Books 1–3 ca. 396–397; completed 426–427 |
Titus 1:10
For many are rebellious and full of empty talk and deception, especially those of the circumcision,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titus 1:10 | Miscellanies 1.8.41 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Titus 1:10 | Against Celsus 3.48 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Titus 1:10 | Long recension, Trallians 6 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| Titus 1:10 | On the Trinity 8.1 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| Titus 1:10 | Canons on the Letters of Paul 53 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–400 |
| Titus 1:10 | Letter 237.9 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Titus 1:10 | Confessions 8.22 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Titus 1:10 | Apology against Jerome 2.34 · Rufinus of Aquileia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 401 |
| Titus 1:10 | Commonitory 7 · Vincent of Lérins | quotation, high confidence | 434 |
| Titus 1:10 | Against Five Heresies 7 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 437-450 |
Titus 1:11
who must be silenced. For the sake of dishonorable gain, they undermine entire households and teach things they should not.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titus 1:11 | Against Celsus 3.48 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Titus 1:11 | Three Letters to Sympronianus 2.7 · Pacian of Barcelona | allusion, low confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| Titus 1:11 | Letter 120.11 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:11 | Commentary on Jeremiah 4.61 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Titus 1:11 | Commonitory 7 · Vincent of Lérins | quotation, high confidence | 434 |
| Titus 1:11 | Canon 23 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 451 |
Titus 1:12
As one of their own prophets has said, “Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, lazy gluttons.”
Titus 1:13
This testimony is true. Therefore rebuke them sternly, so that they will be sound in the faith
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titus 1:13 | Miscellanies 1.14.59 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Titus 1:13 | Against Celsus 5.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Titus 1:13 | Commentary on Romans 4.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Titus 1:13 | Moral Rules (Moralia) 72 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-370 |
| Titus 1:13 | Three Letters to Sympronianus 2.4 · Pacian of Barcelona | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| Titus 1:13–14 | Commentary on Titus 1:14 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Titus 1:13 | Letter 87.1 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:13 | Letter 130.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Titus 1:14
and will pay no attention to Jewish myths or to the commands of men who have rejected the truth.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titus 1:14 | To the Magnesians 8.1 · Ignatius of Antioch | echo, medium confidence | ca. 110 (range ca. 105–135) |
| Titus 1:14 | PG 12:1597 (Ps 118 LXX) · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Titus 1:14 | Homilies on Exodus 5.1 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Titus 1:14 | Homilies on Leviticus 3.3 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Titus 1:14 | Homilies on Leviticus 6.3 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Titus 1:14 | Homilies on Leviticus 12.4 · Origen | echo, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Titus 1:14 | Homilies on Numbers 26.3 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Titus 1:14 | Against Celsus 2.52 · Origen | echo, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Titus 1:14 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 15 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Titus 1:14 | On Jewish Foods 1 · Novatian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 250–258 |
| Titus 1:14 | Oration I Against the Arians 8 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Titus 1:14 | Long recension, Magnesians 8 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| Titus 1:14 | Letters 265, 266 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Titus 1:14 | Against Eunomius 1.14 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 364 |
| Titus 1:14 | Letter 72.5 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:14 | Letter 120.2 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Titus 1:14 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 50.1.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Titus 1:14 | Apostolic Constitutions 8.32.9 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Titus 1:14 | Apology against Jerome 2.34 · Rufinus of Aquileia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 401 |
Titus 1:15
To the pure, all things are pure; but to the defiled and unbelieving, nothing is pure. Indeed, both their minds and their consciences are defiled.
Titus 1:16
They profess to know God, but by their actions they deny Him. They are detestable, disobedient, and unfit for any good deed.