1 Kings 17 in the early church
[LXX: 3 Kingdoms; Vulgate: 3 Kings]
177 passages quote, allude to, or echo 1 Kings 17, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22
1 Kings 17:1
Now Elijah the Tishbite, who was among the settlers of Gilead, said to Ahab, “As surely as the LORD, the God of Israel, lives, before whom I stand, there will be neither dew nor rain in these years except at my word!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Against Heresies 3.11.4 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | On Prayer 29 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–206 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | On Fasting 6 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 210–220 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Lines 837–860 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Recognitions 5.29 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Demonstration 4.1 · Aphrahat | allusion, medium confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Demonstration 4.12 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Letter 8 · Ammonas | allusion, low confidence | ca. 340-360 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Letter 12 · Ammonas | allusion, low confidence | ca. 340-360 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | On Saint Athanasius 1.16 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Homilies 1.6 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Homilies 2.4 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Question 115, section 39 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | On Virginity 6 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–371 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1–7 | To Theodosius on the Witch of Endor, part 2 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–394 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Pilgrimage (Itinerarium) 16.1 · Egeria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 381-395 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | On the Duties of the Clergy 3.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Homilies on Matthew 12.3 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | On Elijah and Fasting 2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Hexameron (Exameron) 2.16 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 35.15.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 45.2.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Homily 7 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Homily 15 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Against Jovinianus 2.29 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Poem 26, lines 227–254 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 82–88 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
| 1 Kgs 17:1 | In Praise of the Desert 18 · Eucherius of Lyon | allusion, high confidence | ca. 427-428 |
1 Kings 17:2
Then a revelation from the LORD came to Elijah:
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:2 | PG 12:1629 (Ps 122–123 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
1 Kings 17:3
“Leave here, turn eastward, and hide yourself by the Brook of Cherith, east of the Jordan.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:3 | PG 12:1629 (Ps 122–123 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Kgs 17:3 | Homilies 8.4 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| 1 Kgs 17:3–6 | Pilgrimage (Itinerarium) 16.3 · Egeria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 381-395 |
| 1 Kgs 17:3 | On Fleeing the World 34 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-391 |
| 1 Kgs 17:3 | The Conferences 14.4 · John Cassian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 426–429 |
1 Kings 17:4
And you are to drink from the brook, and I have commanded the ravens to feed you there.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:4 | PG 12:1629 (Ps 122–123 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Kgs 17:4–16 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 3.10 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Kgs 17:4–6 | Demonstration 14.36 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 17:4–6 | Demonstration 15.5 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 17:4 | Oration 21.7 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Kgs 17:4 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.64.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| 1 Kgs 17:4–16 | Sermon 11.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Kgs 17:4–16 (3 Kgdms 17:4-3Kgdms LXX) | Sermon 103.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Kgs 17:4 | Letters 26.1 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| 1 Kgs 17:4–6 | Book 1, lines 163–187 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| 1 Kgs 17:4–6 | Book 1, section 14 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
1 Kings 17:5
So Elijah did what the LORD had told him, and he went and lived by the Brook of Cherith, east of the Jordan.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:5 | PG 12:1631 (Ps 123–124 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
1 Kings 17:6
The ravens would bring him bread and meat in the morning and evening, and he would drink from the brook.
1 Kings 17:7
Some time later, however, the brook dried up because there had been no rain in the land.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:7 | PG 12:1631 (Ps 123–124 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Kgs 17:7 | On Elijah and Fasting 2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
1 Kings 17:8
Then the word of the LORD came to Elijah:
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:8–16 | Against Marcion 4.21 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| 1 Kgs 17:8–16 | Tractates 1.3.7 · Zeno of Verona | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362-380 |
| 1 Kgs 17:8–16 | Sermon 26 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| 1 Kgs 17:8–16 | Sermon 136 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| 1 Kgs 17:8–16 | Part 2, chapter 29 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
1 Kings 17:9
“Get up and go to Zarephath of Sidon, and stay there. Behold, I have commanded a widow there to provide for you.”
1 Kings 17:10
So Elijah got up and went to Zarephath. When he arrived at the city gate, there was a widow gathering sticks. Elijah called to her and said, “Please bring me a little water in a cup, so that I may drink.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:10 | Bordeaux Pilgrim 583 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 333 |
| 1 Kgs 17:10 | Letter 108.8 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
1 Kings 17:11
And as she was going to get it, he called to her and said, “Please bring me a piece of bread.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:11 | Sermon 239.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
1 Kings 17:12
But she replied, “As surely as the LORD your God lives, I have no bread—only a handful of flour in a jar and a little oil in a jug. Look, I am gathering a couple of sticks to take home and prepare a meal for myself and my son, so that we may eat it and die.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:12 | On Works and Almsgiving 17 · Cyprian of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 253 |
| 1 Kgs 17:12 | Oration 40.34 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Kgs 17:12 | Homilies 8.6 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| 1 Kgs 17:12 | Letter 125.20 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
1 Kings 17:13
“Do not be afraid,” Elijah said to her. “Go and do as you have said. But first make me a small cake of bread from what you have, and bring it out to me. Afterward, make some for yourself and your son,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:13 | On Works and Almsgiving 17 · Cyprian of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 253 |
| 1 Kgs 17:13 | Sermon 11.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Kgs 17:13 | Sermon 239.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
1 Kings 17:14
for this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘The jar of flour will not be exhausted and the jug of oil will not run dry until the day the LORD sends rain upon the face of the earth.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:14 | On Works and Almsgiving 17 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 253 |
| 1 Kgs 17:14 | Oration 26.12 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Kgs 17:14–16 | Life of Macrina, part 12 · Gregory of Nyssa | echo, low confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Kgs 17:14 | On the Duties of the Clergy 2.4 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| 1 Kgs 17:14 | Sermon 11.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Kgs 17:14 | Letters 23.8 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| 1 Kgs 17:14 | Historia monachorum, chapter 7 · Rufinus of Aquileia | echo, medium confidence | Greek original ca. 394-395; Rufinus's Latin ca. 404-406 |
| 1 Kgs 17:14–16 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 82–88 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
1 Kings 17:15
So she went and did according to the word of Elijah, and there was food every day for Elijah and the woman and her household.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:15 | On the Singleness of Clerics 26 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 3rd cent. (disputed) |
1 Kings 17:16
The jar of flour was not exhausted and the jug of oil did not run dry, according to the word that the LORD had spoken through Elijah.
1 Kings 17:17
Later, the son of the woman who owned the house became ill, and his sickness grew worse and worse, until no breath remained in him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:17–24 | Correspondence of Paul and the Corinthians (3 Cor.), Paul's reply · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 150-200 |
| 1 Kgs 17:17–24 | Against Marcion 4.18 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| 1 Kgs 17:17–22 | Against Marcellus 1.2.14 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 336–337 |
| 1 Kgs 17:17–24 | Demonstration 4.12 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 17:17–24 | Against Jovinianus 2.29 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
1 Kings 17:18
“O man of God,” said the woman to Elijah, “what have you done to me? Have you come to remind me of my iniquity and cause the death of my son?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:18 | Commentary on John 2.183 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| 1 Kgs 17:18 | Chapter 22 · Nicetas, bishop of Remesiana | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380–414 |
1 Kings 17:19
But Elijah said to her, “Give me your son.” So he took him from her arms, carried him to the upper room where he was staying, and laid him on his own bed.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:19 | Homilies on Jeremiah 19.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240 |
1 Kings 17:20
Then he cried out to the LORD, “O LORD my God, have You also brought tragedy on this widow who has opened her home to me, by causing her son to die?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:20 | Retractations 2.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 426-427 |
1 Kings 17:21
Then he stretched himself out over the child three times and cried out to the LORD, “O LORD my God, please let this boy’s life return to him!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 17:21 | Oration III Against the Arians 2 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| 1 Kgs 17:21 | Oration 40.43 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Kgs 17:21 | Oration 41.4 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Kgs 17:21 | On the Christian Faith 3.4 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 378–380 |
| 1 Kgs 17:21 | On the Soul and Its Origin 3.7 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, low confidence | ca. 419–420 |
1 Kings 17:22
And the LORD listened to the voice of Elijah, and the child’s life returned to him, and he lived.