2 Thessalonians 2 in the early church

301 passages quote, allude to, or echo 2 Thessalonians 2, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17

2 Thessalonians 2:1

Now concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered together to Him, we ask you, brothers,
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:1	On Christ and Antichrist 63 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:1	Commentary on Daniel 4.21 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 202-204
2 Thess 2:1	On the Resurrection of the Flesh 24 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 208–212
2 Thess 2:1–12	Against Celsus 6.46 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:1	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 55 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
2 Thess 2:1	Church History 7.24.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea	echo, medium confidence	ca. 300–325
2 Thess 2:1–4	Commentary on 2 Thessalonians 2:1–4 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 366–384
2 Thess 2:1–5	Letter 119.7 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–419
2 Thess 2:1–2	Letter 121.11 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
2 Thess 2:1–11	City of God 20.19 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	413–426

2 Thessalonians 2:2

not to be easily disconcerted or alarmed by any spirit or message or letter seeming to be from us, alleging that the Day of the Lord has already come.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:2	On Christ and Antichrist 63 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:2	Commentary on Daniel 4.19 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 202-204
2 Thess 2:2	On the Resurrection of the Flesh 24 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 208–212
2 Thess 2:2	PG 12:1615 (Ps 118 LXX) · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 220-254
2 Thess 2:2	Against Celsus 3.11 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:2	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 55 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
2 Thess 2:2	Oration I Against the Arians 54 · Athanasius of Alexandria	allusion, high confidence	ca. 339–346
2 Thess 2:2	Oration III Against the Arians 50 · Athanasius of Alexandria	allusion, high confidence	ca. 339–346
2 Thess 2:2	Letter 199.2 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386–430
2 Thess 2:2	Letter 199.15 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386–430

2 Thessalonians 2:3

Let no one deceive you in any way, for it will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness—the son of destruction—is revealed.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:3	Apocalypse of Peter (Akhmim fragment) 2 · Anonymous	echo, medium confidence	ca. 100–150
2 Thess 2:3	Dialogue with Trypho 32.3 · Justin Martyr	echo, medium confidence	ca. 155–160
2 Thess 2:3	Dialogue with Trypho 32.4 · Justin Martyr	echo, high confidence	ca. 155–160
2 Thess 2:3	Dialogue with Trypho 110.2 · Justin Martyr	echo, high confidence	ca. 155–160
2 Thess 2:3	Against Heresies 5.25.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:3	On Christ and Antichrist 63 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:3	Heads against Gaius, fragment VI (on Matt 24:15-22) · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200-235
2 Thess 2:3	Commentary on Daniel 4.15 · Hippolytus of Rome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 202-204
2 Thess 2:3	Commentary on Daniel 4.21 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 202-204
2 Thess 2:3	4.49 · Hippolytus of Rome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 202-204
2 Thess 2:3	Against Marcion 5.16 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	207/208 (third edition, completed later)
2 Thess 2:3	On the Resurrection of the Flesh 24 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 208–212
2 Thess 2:3	Commentary on John 2.182 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 230–248
2 Thess 2:3	Commentary on John 20.192 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 230–248
2 Thess 2:3–9	Homilies on Psalms 36-38 3.3 · Origen	allusion, low confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
2 Thess 2:3	Against Celsus 2.50 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:3–12	Against Celsus 6.45 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:3	Against Celsus 8.25 · Origen	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:3	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 39 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
2 Thess 2:3	Commentary on Matthew 12.2 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 246–248
2 Thess 2:3	Commentary on Matthew 12.20 · Origen	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 246–248
2 Thess 2:3	Commentary on Matthew 14.10 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 246–248
2 Thess 2:3	Commentary on Matthew 14.11 · Origen	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 246–248
2 Thess 2:3	Commentary on Matthew 17.1 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 246–248
2 Thess 2:3	Commentary on the Apocalypse 12.6 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
2 Thess 2:3	Church History 5.1.48 · Eusebius of Caesarea	echo, medium confidence	ca. 300–325
2 Thess 2:3	Homilies 2.17 · Anonymous	allusion, low confidence	4th century (reworking earlier material)
2 Thess 2:3	Epitome of the Divine Institutes 66.7 · Lactantius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 314–320
2 Thess 2:3	Catechetical Lecture 15.9 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:3–4	Commentary on Matthew 25 · Hilary of Poitiers	allusion, high confidence	ca. 353–355
2 Thess 2:3	Commentary on Matthew 33 · Hilary of Poitiers	allusion, high confidence	ca. 353–355
2 Thess 2:3–4	On the Trinity 6.46 · Hilary of Poitiers	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 356–360
2 Thess 2:3	History of the Arians 77 · Athanasius of Alexandria	allusion, high confidence	ca. 357
2 Thess 2:3	Letter 139 · Basil of Caesarea	quotation, high confidence	ca. 357–378
2 Thess 2:3	Letter 264 · Basil of Caesarea	allusion, high confidence	ca. 357–378
2 Thess 2:3	Homilies on the Psalms 7.1 · Basil of Caesarea	quotation, high confidence	ca. 360-378
2 Thess 2:3–4	Letter 121.4 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
2 Thess 2:3	Letter 121.11 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–419
2 Thess 2:3	Book of Rules 1 · Tyconius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 380
2 Thess 2:3	Book of Rules 3 · Tyconius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 380
2 Thess 2:3	Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 380
2 Thess 2:3	Book of Rules 6 · Tyconius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 380
2 Thess 2:3	On the Christian Faith 5.19 · Ambrose	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 378–380
2 Thess 2:3	On the Lord's Prayer 1141 · Gregory of Nyssa	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 380–394
2 Thess 2:3	Canons on the Letters of Paul 2 · Priscillian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 380–400
2 Thess 2:3	Canons on the Letters of Paul 87 · Priscillian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 380–400
2 Thess 2:3	Eleven Tractates 8.121 · Priscillian	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 380–385
2 Thess 2:3	Exposition of Psalm 118 3.34.2 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386-397
2 Thess 2:3	Homilies on Matthew 76.2 · John Chrysostom	allusion, high confidence	ca. 390
2 Thess 2:3	On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 32 · Ambrose	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 387-392
2 Thess 2:3	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.29.4 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 387-397
2 Thess 2:3	On Continence 24 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 395
2 Thess 2:3	Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 34 · Rufinus of Aquileia	quotation, high confidence	ca. 404
2 Thess 2:3–4	Apologetic Book 16.2 · Orosius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 415–416
2 Thess 2:3	Part 2, chapter 22 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450
2 Thess 2:3	Part 2, chapter 34 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 445-450
2 Thess 2:3–4	Part 4, chapter 11 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450

2 Thessalonians 2:4

He will oppose and exalt himself above every so-called god or object of worship. So he will seat himself in the temple of God, proclaiming himself to be God.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:4	Against Heresies 3.6.5 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:4	Against Heresies 5.25.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:4	Against Heresies 5.25.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons	allusion, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:4	Against Heresies 5.28.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons	allusion, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:4	On Christ and Antichrist 5 · Hippolytus of Rome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:4	On Christ and Antichrist 53 · Hippolytus of Rome	echo, medium confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:4	On Christ and Antichrist 63 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:4	Heads against Gaius, fragment VI (on Matt 24:15-22) · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200-235
2 Thess 2:4	Commentary on Daniel 4.21 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 202-204
2 Thess 2:4	Against Marcion 5.16 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	207/208 (third edition, completed later)
2 Thess 2:4	On the Soul 57 · Tertullian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 210
2 Thess 2:4	On the Resurrection of the Flesh 24 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 208–212
2 Thess 2:4	Commentary on John 20.83 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
2 Thess 2:4	Homilies on Numbers 12.4 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
2 Thess 2:4	On the Computation of Easter 14 · Anonymous	allusion, high confidence	243
2 Thess 2:4	Against Celsus 2.50 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:4	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 30 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
2 Thess 2:4	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 40 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
2 Thess 2:4	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 42 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
2 Thess 2:4	Commentary on Matthew 11.6 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 246–248
2 Thess 2:4	Commentary on Matthew 14.10 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 246–248
2 Thess 2:4	Commentary on Matthew 17.1 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 246–248
2 Thess 2:4	Commentary on the Apocalypse 12.6 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
2 Thess 2:4	Divine Institutes 7.17.4 · Lactantius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 303–311
2 Thess 2:4	Canonical Epistle, canon 11 · Peter of Alexandria	allusion, medium confidence	AD 306
2 Thess 2:4	Epitome of the Divine Institutes 66.8 · Lactantius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 314–320
2 Thess 2:4	On the Witch of Endor 16 · Eustathius of Antioch	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 324–337
2 Thess 2:4	Catechetical Lecture 15.9 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:4	Catechetical Lecture 15.15 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:4	Letter 139 · Basil of Caesarea	quotation, high confidence	ca. 357–378
2 Thess 2:4	Against Auxentius 12 · Hilary of Poitiers	allusion, medium confidence	364–365
2 Thess 2:4	Commentary on 1 Corinthians 11:5–7 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 366–384
2 Thess 2:4	Question 110, section 1 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–384
2 Thess 2:4	Question 113, section 7 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–384
2 Thess 2:4–12	Letter 121.11 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–419
2 Thess 2:4	Book of Rules 1 · Tyconius	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380
2 Thess 2:4	Exposition of Psalm 118 3.34.2 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386-397
2 Thess 2:4	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 40.25.3 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 387-397
2 Thess 2:4	Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 34 · Rufinus of Aquileia	quotation, high confidence	ca. 404
2 Thess 2:4	Dialogues 2.14 · Sulpicius Severus	allusion, high confidence	ca. 404–406
2 Thess 2:4	Tractates on the Gospel of John 29.8 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 406–420

2 Thessalonians 2:5

Do you not remember that I told you these things while I was still with you?
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:5	On Christ and Antichrist 63 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:5	On the Resurrection of the Flesh 24 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 208–212
2 Thess 2:5	Catechetical Lecture 15.9 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:5–6	Commentary on 2 Thessalonians 2:5–6 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 366–384
2 Thess 2:5–8	Letter 198.3 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386–430
2 Thess 2:5–8	Letter 199.10 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386–430
2 Thess 2:5–8	Commentary on Jeremiah 5.27 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 414-419
2 Thess 2:5–6	Apologetic Book 28.8 · Orosius	quotation, high confidence	ca. 415–416

2 Thessalonians 2:6

And you know what is now restraining him, so that he may be revealed at the proper time.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:6	Apology 32 · Tertullian	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 197
2 Thess 2:6	On Christ and Antichrist 63 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:6	Commentary on Daniel 4.21 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 202-204
2 Thess 2:6	On the Resurrection of the Flesh 24 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 208–212
2 Thess 2:6	Against Celsus 2.50 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:6	Catechetical Lecture 15.9 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:6	Book of Rules 7 · Tyconius	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380

2 Thessalonians 2:7

For the mystery of lawlessness is already at work, but the one who now restrains it will continue until he is taken out of the way.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:7	Apology 32 · Tertullian	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 197
2 Thess 2:7	On Christ and Antichrist 63 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:7	Commentary on Daniel 4.21 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 202-204
2 Thess 2:7	On the Resurrection of the Flesh 24 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 208–212
2 Thess 2:7	Homilies on Numbers 20.3 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
2 Thess 2:7	Against Celsus 2.50 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:7	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.4 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
2 Thess 2:7	Divine Institutes 7.25.6 · Lactantius	echo, low confidence	ca. 303–311
2 Thess 2:7	Catechetical Lecture 15.9 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:7	Catechetical Lecture 15.18 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:7	Against Auxentius 9 · Hilary of Poitiers	allusion, medium confidence	364–365
2 Thess 2:7	Commentary on 1 Corinthians 10:19–20 · Ambrosiaster	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 366–384
2 Thess 2:7	Commentary on 2 Thessalonians 2:7 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 366–384
2 Thess 2:7	Letter 123.15 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
2 Thess 2:7	Letter 133.4 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–419
2 Thess 2:7	Book of Rules 1 · Tyconius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 380
2 Thess 2:7	Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380
2 Thess 2:7	Book of Rules 7 · Tyconius	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380
2 Thess 2:7–8	Letter 199.11 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386–430
2 Thess 2:7	Life of Saint Martin 24 · Sulpicius Severus	quotation, high confidence	ca. 396–397
2 Thess 2:7	Part 4, chapter 4 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450
2 Thess 2:7–8	Part 4, chapter 7 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450

2 Thessalonians 2:8

And then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord Jesus will slay with the breath of His mouth and annihilate by the majesty of His arrival.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:8–9	Against Heresies 3.7.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:8	Against Heresies 5.25.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:8	On Christ and Antichrist 5 · Hippolytus of Rome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:8	On Christ and Antichrist 63 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:8	Heads against Gaius, fragment VI (on Matt 24:15-22) · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200-235
2 Thess 2:8	Commentary on Daniel 4.21 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 202-204
2 Thess 2:8	4.51 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 202-204
2 Thess 2:8	Against Marcion 5.16 · Tertullian	allusion, high confidence	207/208 (third edition, completed later)
2 Thess 2:8	On the Resurrection of the Flesh 24 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 208–212
2 Thess 2:8–9	Fragment 63 on John 9:16 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 226-254
2 Thess 2:8	Commentary on John 2.55 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 230–248
2 Thess 2:8	Commentary on John 2.56 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
2 Thess 2:8	Commentary on John 20.83 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
2 Thess 2:8	Homilies on Exodus 6.1 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
2 Thess 2:8	On the Computation of Easter 14 · Anonymous	allusion, high confidence	243
2 Thess 2:8	Against Celsus 2.50 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:8	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 40 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
2 Thess 2:8	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 42 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
2 Thess 2:8	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 43 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
2 Thess 2:8	Commentary on the Apocalypse 1.4 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
2 Thess 2:8	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.4 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
2 Thess 2:8	Church History 5.1.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea	allusion, low confidence	ca. 300–325
2 Thess 2:8	Divine Institutes 7.19.6 · Lactantius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 303–311
2 Thess 2:8	Catechetical Lecture 15.9 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:8	Catechetical Lecture 15.12 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:8	Letter 222 · Basil of Caesarea	echo, medium confidence	ca. 357–378
2 Thess 2:8	Tractates on the Psalms 59.14 · Hilary of Poitiers	allusion, high confidence	ca. 360–367
2 Thess 2:8	Tractates on the Psalms 140.11 · Hilary of Poitiers	quotation, high confidence	ca. 360–367
2 Thess 2:8	Commentary on Ephesians 6.17 · Marius Victorinus	quotation, medium confidence	ca. 360–363
2 Thess 2:8	Commentary on 1 Corinthians 15:55 · Ambrosiaster	allusion, high confidence	ca. 366–384
2 Thess 2:8–9	Commentary on 2 Thessalonians 2:8–9 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 366–384
2 Thess 2:8	Letter 123.15 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–419
2 Thess 2:8	Letter 151.1 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
2 Thess 2:8	Book of Rules 3 · Tyconius	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380
2 Thess 2:8	Book of Rules 7 · Tyconius	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380
2 Thess 2:8	Apostolic Constitutions 7.32.2 · Anonymous	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380
2 Thess 2:8	Chapter 13 · Nicetas, bishop of Remesiana	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380–414
2 Thess 2:8	Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 34 · Rufinus of Aquileia	quotation, high confidence	ca. 404
2 Thess 2:8	Dialogues 2.14 · Sulpicius Severus	allusion, high confidence	ca. 404–406
2 Thess 2:8	City of God 18.53 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	413–426
2 Thess 2:8	City of God 20.12 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, high confidence	413–426
2 Thess 2:8	Commentary on Jeremiah 1.6 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 414-419
2 Thess 2:8	Sermon 156 · Peter Chrysologus	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 425-450
2 Thess 2:8	Part 4, chapter 16 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450

2 Thessalonians 2:9

The coming of the lawless one will be accompanied by the working of Satan, with every kind of power, sign, and false wonder,
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:9	Didache 16.4 · Anonymous	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 50–150 (often ca. 100)
2 Thess 2:9	Against Heresies 5.25.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:9	On Christ and Antichrist 63 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:9	Commentary on Daniel 4.9 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 202-204
2 Thess 2:9	Commentary on Daniel 4.21 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 202-204
2 Thess 2:9	4.49 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 202-204
2 Thess 2:9	Against Marcion 5.16 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	207/208 (third edition, completed later)
2 Thess 2:9	On the Resurrection of the Flesh 24 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 208–212
2 Thess 2:9	Homilies on Numbers 16.7 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
2 Thess 2:9	Homilies on Jeremiah 5.3 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 240
2 Thess 2:9	Lines 909–932 · Commodian	allusion, medium confidence	3rd century (disputed)
2 Thess 2:9	Against Celsus 2.50 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:9	Against Celsus 6.42 · Origen	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:9	Commentary on Matthew 12.2 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 246–248
2 Thess 2:9	Commentary on Matthew 17.1 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 246–248
2 Thess 2:9	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.4 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
2 Thess 2:9	Divine Institutes 7.17.4 · Lactantius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 303–311
2 Thess 2:9	Catechetical Lecture 12.2 · Cyril of Jerusalem	echo, low confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:9	Catechetical Lecture 15.9 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:9	Catechetical Lecture 15.11 · Cyril of Jerusalem	echo, low confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:9	Catechetical Lecture 15.12 · Cyril of Jerusalem	allusion, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:9	Catechetical Lecture 15.14 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:9	Letter 121.4 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
2 Thess 2:9	Book of Rules 3 · Tyconius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 380
2 Thess 2:9	Book of Rules 6 · Tyconius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 380
2 Thess 2:9	Homilies on Matthew 76.2 · John Chrysostom	quotation, high confidence	ca. 390
2 Thess 2:9	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.29.4 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 387-397
2 Thess 2:9	On the Trinity 4.10 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, high confidence	ca. 399–419
2 Thess 2:9	Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 34 · Rufinus of Aquileia	quotation, high confidence	ca. 404
2 Thess 2:9–10	Part 4, chapter 6 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450

2 Thessalonians 2:10

and with every wicked deception directed against those who are perishing, because they refused the love of the truth that would have saved them.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:10	Against Heresies 5.25.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:10	Against Heresies 5.28.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:10	On Christ and Antichrist 63 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:10	Against Marcion 5.16 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	207/208 (third edition, completed later)
2 Thess 2:10	On the Resurrection of the Flesh 24 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 208–212
2 Thess 2:10	Homilies on Jeremiah 5.3 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 240
2 Thess 2:10	Against Celsus 2.50 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:10	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 45 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
2 Thess 2:10	Commentary on Matthew 12.2 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 246–248
2 Thess 2:10	Commentary on Matthew 17.1 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 246–248
2 Thess 2:10–12	Letter 59.13 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	249/250–258
2 Thess 2:10	On the Lapsed 33 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	251
2 Thess 2:10	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.4 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
2 Thess 2:10	Catechetical Lecture 15.9 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:10–11	Moral Rules (Moralia) 9 · Basil of Caesarea	quotation, high confidence	ca. 360-370
2 Thess 2:10	Paraenesis, or Exhortation to Penitence 11 · Pacian of Barcelona	quotation, high confidence	ca. 360-390
2 Thess 2:10	Commentary on 2 Thessalonians 2:10 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 366–384
2 Thess 2:10	Homilies on Matthew 76.2 · John Chrysostom	quotation, high confidence	ca. 390
2 Thess 2:10	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.29.4 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 387-397
2 Thess 2:10	On Grace and Free Will 21 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426
2 Thess 2:10–12	Part 4, chapter 9 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450

2 Thessalonians 2:11

For this reason God will send them a powerful delusion so that they believe the lie,
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:11	Against Heresies 4.29.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:11	Against Heresies 5.25.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:11	Against Heresies 5.28.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:11	On Christ and Antichrist 63 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:11	Against Marcion 5.16 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	207/208 (third edition, completed later)
2 Thess 2:11–12	Commentary on John 2.182 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 230–248
2 Thess 2:11	Against Celsus 2.50 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:11	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 45 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
2 Thess 2:11	On the Lapsed 33 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	251
2 Thess 2:11	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.4 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
2 Thess 2:11	Catechetical Lecture 15.17 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:11	On the Trinity 9.22 · Hilary of Poitiers	allusion, low confidence	ca. 356–360
2 Thess 2:11	Letters 210, 211 · Basil of Caesarea	allusion, high confidence	ca. 357–378
2 Thess 2:11	Paraenesis, or Exhortation to Penitence 11 · Pacian of Barcelona	quotation, high confidence	ca. 360-390
2 Thess 2:11–12	Commentary on 2 Thessalonians 2:11 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 366–384
2 Thess 2:11	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.29.4 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 387-397
2 Thess 2:11	Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 34 · Rufinus of Aquileia	quotation, high confidence	ca. 404
2 Thess 2:11	On Grace and Free Will 21 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426

2 Thessalonians 2:12

in order that judgment may come upon all who have disbelieved the truth and delighted in wickedness.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:12	Against Heresies 4.29.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:12	Against Heresies 5.25.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:12	Against Heresies 5.28.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
2 Thess 2:12	On Christ and Antichrist 63 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
2 Thess 2:12	Against Marcion 5.16 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	207/208 (third edition, completed later)
2 Thess 2:12	Against Celsus 2.50 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 248
2 Thess 2:12	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 45 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
2 Thess 2:12	Commentary on Matthew 11.14 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 246–248
2 Thess 2:12	On the Lapsed 33 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	251
2 Thess 2:12	Catechetical Lecture 15.17 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:12	Paraenesis, or Exhortation to Penitence 11 · Pacian of Barcelona	quotation, high confidence	ca. 360-390
2 Thess 2:12	Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 34 · Rufinus of Aquileia	quotation, high confidence	ca. 404
2 Thess 2:12	On Grace and Free Will 21 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426

2 Thessalonians 2:13

But we should always thank God for you, brothers who are loved by the Lord, because God chose you from the beginning to be saved by the sanctification of the Spirit and by faith in the truth.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:13	On the Holy Spirit 53 · Didymus the Blind	quotation, high confidence	Greek ca. 360-390; Latin 387-391
2 Thess 2:13–14	Commentary on 2 Thessalonians 2:12 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 366–384

2 Thessalonians 2:14

To this He called you through our gospel, so that you may share in the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:14	Against Secundinus the Manichaean 5 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, medium confidence	ca. 399

2 Thessalonians 2:15

Therefore, brothers, stand firm and cling to the traditions we taught you, whether by speech or by letter.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:15	Commentary on John 13.316 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 230–248
2 Thess 2:15	Catechetical Lecture 5.12 · Cyril of Jerusalem	quotation, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:15	Catechetical Lecture 23.22 · Cyril of Jerusalem	allusion, high confidence	ca. 350
2 Thess 2:15	Life of Antony 89 · Athanasius of Alexandria	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 357–360
2 Thess 2:15	On the Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia 54 · Athanasius of Alexandria	allusion, high confidence	359 (additions 361)
2 Thess 2:15	Moral Rules (Moralia) 12 · Basil of Caesarea	quotation, high confidence	ca. 360-370
2 Thess 2:15–17	Commentary on 2 Thessalonians 2:14 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 366–384
2 Thess 2:15	On the Holy Spirit 29.71 · Basil of Caesarea	quotation, high confidence	ca. 374–375
2 Thess 2:15 (2:14 Vulg.)	Letter 5 to the bishops of Africa, chapter 1 · Siricius, bishop of Rome	quotation, high confidence	385
2 Thess 2:15 (2:14 Vulg.)	Letter 6 to various bishops, chapter 2 · Siricius, bishop of Rome	quotation, high confidence	385
2 Thess 2:15 (2:14 Vulg.)	Letter 2, inscription and introduction · Innocent I, bishop of Rome	quotation, high confidence	401–417
2 Thess 2:15	Tome to the Armenians 33 · Proclus of Constantinople	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 435-437

2 Thessalonians 2:16

Now may our Lord Jesus Christ Himself and God our Father, who by grace has loved us and given us eternal comfort and good hope,
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:16	On the Christian Faith 2.10 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 378–380
2 Thess 2:16	The Conferences 3.17 · John Cassian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426–429
2 Thess 2:16–3:3	Book 1, chapter 24 · Anonymous	quotation, high confidence	ca. 440-450

2 Thessalonians 2:17

encourage your hearts and strengthen you in every good word and deed.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
2 Thess 2:17	On the Christian Faith 2.10 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 378–380
2 Thess 2:17	The Conferences 3.17 · John Cassian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426–429