Poems 21.777–24.1

Latin text: Hartel, CSEL 30 (Latin text: W. von Hartel (CSEL 30, 1894), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).

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Chapter 21

21.777CSEL 30:183lines 777–815–185

uidisti certe, nam te res ipsa fateri conpulit, aeterni sublimia iura parentis Felicis(que) potens meritum, cum larga sub aestu proflueret damnoque pio, quo martyris aulis tradideras partem, subitos creuisse meatus laxatoque suis in faucibus ubere fontis iussa fluenta tibi cum fenore reddita multo moenibus influxisse tuis; et tempore in ipso, quo totiens (tuae) aquae possessor egere solebas, in multum referente deo quod sumpserat a te fluxit abunda tuis aqua potibus atque lauacris. quodnam igitur tanto pro munere munus, Abella pauper opum, referam tibi? saltem carmine nostro obsequium nomenque tuum dum praedico signans, hoc pensabo tibi pretium mercedis honore, Felicis sancti scribaris ut addita semper laudibus et tanti memoreris alumna patroni, cuius donorum (tibi) maxima portio facta est. nunc tuus iste labor, quo te Felicis adegit spiritus, ut tota tibi plebe uel ordine concors adgredereris opus magno sudore parandum, tempore et aestiuo durum duplicante laborem, molis ut antiquae per iniqua cacumina formam praeteritis notam saeclis, iam uero sine usu deficientis aquae, superactis undique multa congerie siluis inter iuga uasta latentem exuis aggeribus densis oblitaque dudum munia restituis sparsasque per auia uenas, pumiceis alte quae sorbebantur harenis, colligis et sua quamque sequi uestigia rursus cogis aquam et reducem formae matricis in ora inuehis et dudum uacuos cessante meatu exundare facis fluctu remeante canales atque diu querulam subductis fontibus urbem iam desperato perfundis Summe Nolam, quae fruitur Felicis aquis, quia copia non est haec ipsi sua nunc urbi, quam nuper adepta est Felicis studio, modicae pro munere guttae ex ope diuina largis ditata fluentis.

you certainly saw, for the fact itself compelled you to confess, the sublime rights of the eternal Father and the mighty merit of Felix, when the water flowed abundantly in the heat, and by the godly loss by which you had given part to the martyr's halls, sudden courses grew, and, as the abundance of the spring was loosed at its mouth, the ordered streams, returned to you with much interest, flowed into your walls; and at the very time when so often you, the possessor of your water, used to be in want, God returning much more than he had taken from you, water flowed abundantly for your drinking and your baths. What gift, then, shall I return to you for so great a gift, Abella, poor in wealth? At least, while I proclaim your service and name, marking them in our song, I shall repay you this price in the honour of reward: that you may always be written as added to the praises of holy Felix and be remembered as the nursling of so great a patron, of whose gifts the greatest portion has been made for you. Now this labour of yours, to which the spirit of Felix drove you, that, with your whole people and council in harmony, you undertook a work to be achieved with great sweat, with the summer season doubling the hard labour, so that the channel of the ancient structure across unfavourable heights, known to past ages but now without use since the water failed, lying hidden among vast ridges under great piles of woods heaped up on every side, you strip of thick mounds, and restore its long-forgotten service, and gather the veins scattered through pathless places, which were sucked deep into the pumice sands, and compel each water again to follow its own tracks, and bring it back into the mouth of the mother channel, and make the long-empty channels, their course having ceased, overflow with returning flood, and now, Summus, you flood Nola with water, long complaining with its springs taken away, which enjoys Felix's waters, because this abundance is not the city's own now, which it has lately obtained by the zeal of Felix, enriched with abundant streams from divine help in return for the gift of a modest drop.

Luke 6:38 (echo, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: God repaid Nola's share many times over, so that water flowed even in summer; Paulinus honours Abella for restoring the ancient aqueduct, which now floods Nola with Felix's water.

  • “(que)”, “(tuae)”, “(tibi)”: the round brackets are the editor's supplements. “Summe” is uncertain (see 21.741).

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 21.777 (CSEL 30:183lines 777–815–185; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/21-777). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

21.816CSEL 30:185lines 816–858–186

ergo et tu mecum paruam quasi mater Abellam, Nola, foue, quoniam, ut cognoscis, et ipsa tuarum, filia cum tua sit, tamen est tibi mater aquarum, cuius ab indigenis tibi montibus adfluet omnis copia, qua fueras felicibus ante superba et qua post studio meliore ministra fuisti. gaude igitur, mea Nola, tibi et gratare, profusis uiribus exultans Christo, qui te per amicum dilectumque suum Felicem finxit, et auxit natura famulante tuum manus alta decorem. cerne tuam faciem, qua nunc noua praenituisti, ut noscas, dederisne aliquid Felicis honori an magis a Felice dei cumulata colaris? asper ubi nudis arebat calculus aruis, nunc mutata uiret madefactis gratia glebis. non istos tantum fontes tibi, Nola, profudit Felicis merito diues tibi gratia Christi; caelifluos etiam fontes huc ad tua duxit moenia Felicisque sinu gaudente locatos diffluere in multas effusis amnibus urbes urbe tua iussit. famulos Christi loquor istos, par inlustre deo, (par) nobile nomine Christi, Albina cum matre tuis modo finibus ortos, pignora cunctorum sanctorum et gaudia caeli, Piniadem Melani cum foedere par benedictum. hos deus et natos Felicis et ubera fecit, ubera diuinae bonitatis proflua lacte, e quibus omnis inops alimenta fluentia sumit, omnis item diues documenta salubria sumit. hi sunt ecce pio Christi de flumine fontes, qui non uisibili per terram gurgite manant, de uiua miserantis aqua pietatis abundant. hos tu, Christe, tibi praesta ubertate perenni scaturire tui Felicis in ubere fontes. et numquam has ullo tenuari sidere uenas. influe pectoribus semper tibi, Christe, dicatis Felicique tuo de peccatoribus ipsi mandatis tribue, ut numquam pietas tua nostris uisceribus fontem huius opis subducat et ipse fons a fonte tuo Felix nos largus inundet, semper ut in nobis saliat, rex Christe, tuus fons, et nos de miseris et egenis sorte sui iam nominis obtineat felices uiuere Felix.

So you too, Nola, cherish little Abella with me as a mother, since, as you know, though she is your daughter, she is yet the mother of your waters, from whose native mountains all abundance will flow to you, in which you had been proud before among the fortunate, and of which afterwards, with better zeal, you were the minister. Rejoice, then, my Nola, and congratulate yourself, exulting with all your strength in Christ, who fashioned you through his friend and beloved Felix; and his lofty hand increased your beauty, with nature serving. Look at your face, in which you now shine out new, so that you may know whether you gave something to Felix's honour, or are rather cultivated, enriched by God through Felix. Where the rough pebble was dry in bare fields, now grace, changed, grows green in watered clods. Not only these fountains, Nola, has the rich grace of Christ poured out for you by the merit of Felix; it has also led heaven-flowing fountains here to your walls, and, placed in the rejoicing bosom of Felix, bade them flow out from your city into many cities with streams poured out. I speak of those servants of Christ, a pair illustrious to God, a pair noble in the name of Christ, lately risen within your borders with their mother Albina, pledges of all the saints and joys of heaven, Pinianus with Melania, a pair blessed in their covenant. God has made them both children of Felix and breasts, breasts of divine goodness flowing with milk, from which every poor man takes flowing nourishment, and every rich man likewise takes wholesome teaching. These, see, are fountains from the godly river of Christ, which do not stream through the earth in a visible flood, but abound in the living water of merciful kindness. Grant, Christ, that these fountains may well up for you with everlasting abundance in the breast of your Felix, and that these veins may never be thinned by any star. Flow always into hearts dedicated to you, Christ, and grant to your Felix, to whom you have entrusted us sinners, that your kindness may never withdraw the fountain of this help from our inmost being, and that Felix himself, an abundant fountain from your fountain, may flood us, so that your fountain, Christ the King, may always spring up in us, and that Felix may obtain that we, from wretched and needy, may by the lot of his name live happy.

John 4:14 (allusion, medium confidence) · John 7:38 (allusion, medium confidence) · Isa 35:7 (echo, medium confidence) · 1 Pet 2:2 (echo, low confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Paulinus bids Nola cherish Abella and rejoice in Felix's gifts, including the heavenly fountains of Pinianus, Melania and Albina, whose charity feeds the poor, and prays that Christ's fountain may always spring up in his household.

  • Paulinus plays on Felix's name (felix, “happy”). “(par)”: the round brackets are the editor's supplement. Living water: John 4:14; 7:38.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ubertete → ubertate.

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 21.816 (CSEL 30:185lines 816–858–186; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/21-816). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

Chapter 22

22.1CSEL 30:186lines 1–32–187

Iam mihi polliceor sacris tua carmina libris condere teque dei flammatum numine Christi ora soluturum summo facunda parenti. incipe diuinis tantum dare pectora rebus subrectosque deo sensus adtollere terra. mox oculis caelo noua lux orietur aperto intrabitque sacer tacito per operta meatu spiritus et laeto quatiet tua uiscera flatu. heia age tende chelym, fecundum concute pectus, magna monens; abeat solitis inpensa facultas carminibus, maior rerum tibi nascitur ordo. non modo iudicium Paridis nec bella gigantum falsa canis. fuerit puerili ludus in aeuo iste tuus quondam; decuerunt ludicra paruum. nunc animis grauior, quantum prouectior annis, aspernare lenes maturo corde Camenas, et qualem castis iam congrua moribus aetas atque tui specimen uenerabile postulat oris, suscipe materiam, diuinos concipe sensus. si decus e falsis aliquod nomenque tulisti de uacuis magnum rebus, cum ficta uetustis carminibus caneres uel cum terrena referres gesta, triumphantum laudans insignia regum: non equidem ex illis tu laudem sumere dignus, quos magis ornabas opulenti munere uerbi. quanto maior ab his cedet tibi gloria coeptis, in quibus et linguam exercens mentem quoque sanctam erudies laudemque simul uitamque capesses? dumque leges catus et scribes miracula summi uera dei, propior disces et carior ipsi esse deo, quem dum credens miraris, amare incipies et amando deum redamabere Christo.

Already I promise myself to store your songs in sacred books, and that you, inflamed by the divinity of Christ God, will loose your eloquent mouth to the highest Father. Only begin to give your breast to divine things and to lift your senses, raised up to God, from the earth. Soon a new light will rise for your eyes as heaven opens, and the sacred Spirit will enter by a silent passage through hidden ways and shake your inmost being with glad breath. Come, then, stretch the lyre, strike your fruitful breast, telling of great things; let the skill spent on your usual songs depart; a greater order of things is born for you. Not now do you sing the judgment of Paris or the false wars of the giants. That play of yours may have been for a boyish age once; trifles befitted the small boy. Now, graver in mind as you are more advanced in years, spurn the light Camenae with mature heart, and, as an age now fitted to chaste ways and the venerable appearance of your face require, take up the material, conceive divine thoughts. If you have won any glory from falsehoods and a great name from empty things, when you sang fictions in ancient songs or told earthly deeds, praising the insignia of triumphing kings, you were not worthy to take praise from those whom you rather adorned with the gift of rich speech. How much greater glory will come to you from these undertakings, in which, exercising your tongue, you will also train your mind to holiness and grasp praise and life together? And while, skilful, you read and write the true miracles of the highest God, you will learn to be nearer and dearer to God himself, whom, while believing you marvel at him, you will begin to love, and by loving God you will be loved in return by Christ.

John 14:21 (echo, medium confidence) · Col 3:2 (echo, low confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Paulinus urges Jovius, a cultivated friend, to give up pagan mythological poetry and turn his gifts to the true wonders of God.

  • Poem 22 is addressed to Jovius, a learned kinsman or friend of Paulinus, who also received Paulinus's Letter 16.

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 22.1 (CSEL 30:186lines 1–32–187; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/22-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

22.33CSEL 30:188lines 33–63–189

hactenus illa tuae uanos tuba uocis in usus persona, diuinos modo celsius intonet actus, nosse moues causas rerum et primordia mundi: ne uagus innumeros, Epicuri somnia, mundos, quos atomis demens per inane parentibus edit, inritus in uacuum spatiato pectore quaeras. legifer antiquo uenerandus nomine Moyses, conpositum prima referens ab origine mundum instituente deo, curas tibi soluet inanes, formatumque hominem limo et spiramine sacro adflatum referens, cuius sis munere cunctis celsior in terra spirantibus, ipse docebit. nec te ceu lapides Pyrrhae argillamue Promethei contemnas, quam summa manus uultuque animoque sublimem et propria dignatus imagine finxit. cognosces itidem, ne pergas tradere fatis arbitrium nostri, quae nos sententia leto uinxerit et cuius uitam sub lege trahamus. si mentem caelo iacis altius et super astra scire cupis quid sit uel quid fuerit prius aeuo, et mundo et saeclis docet ulteriora Iohannes. principio uerbum, inquit, erat; deus obside uerbo gaudebat uerbumque dei simul et deus idem uerbum erat. hoc uerbum est, sine quo nihil, omnia per quod facta uigent, quod cuncta regit, cui subdita parent omnia et aeterno natura omnis famulatu strata deo geniti nomen genitoris adorat. cunctaque per gentes in maiestate paterna regnantem dominum iam lingua fatetur Iesum, nomine quo fundata salus stat nostra fidesque nititur, aeternae tendens in saecula uitae.

Hitherto that trumpet of your voice has sounded for vain uses; now let it thunder more loftily the divine acts. You are stirred to know the causes of things and the beginnings of the world: lest, wandering, with your mind spread out into the void, you vainly seek innumerable worlds, the dreams of Epicurus, which, mad, he brings forth through the void from atoms as parents, the lawgiver Moses, venerable by his ancient name, telling of the world composed from its first origin by God's establishing, will release you from empty cares, and, telling of man formed from clay and breathed into with the sacred breath, he himself will teach you by whose gift you are higher than all that breathe on earth. Nor should you despise yourself as the stones of Pyrrha or the clay of Prometheus, you whom the highest hand deigned to fashion lofty in face and soul and in his own image. You will learn likewise, lest you go on handing over our free will to the fates, what sentence bound us to death and under whose law we drag out life. If you cast your mind higher than heaven and above the stars, and desire to know what is, or what was before time, John teaches what lies beyond both the world and the ages. “In the beginning,” he says, “was the Word”; God rejoiced in the Word as his pledge, and the Word was of God and at the same time the same Word was God. This is the Word without which nothing was made, through which all things were made and flourish, which rules all things, to which all things, subjected, obey, and all nature, laid low in eternal service to the begotten God, adores the name of the Begetter. And every tongue through the nations now confesses that Jesus is Lord, reigning in the Father's majesty, by whose name our salvation stands founded and our faith rests, reaching toward the ages of eternal life.

Gen 1:1 (allusion, medium confidence) · Gen 2:7 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 1:26 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 3:19 (echo, medium confidence) · John 1:1 (quotation, high confidence) · John 1:3 (allusion, high confidence) · Phil 2:10 (allusion, high confidence) · Phil 2:11 (allusion, high confidence) · Acts 4:12 (echo, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Instead of Epicurean cosmology and pagan myths of creation, Jovius should learn from Moses how God made the world and humanity in his image, and from John that the Word, who is God, made all things.

  • Creation and man formed from clay and breathed into: Gen 1–2. Pyrrha (who repeopled the earth with stones) and Prometheus (who shaped man from clay) are figures of pagan myth (Ovid, Met. 1). John 1:1–3. Every tongue confessing Jesus as Lord: Phil 2:10–11. “Obside uerbo” (“with the Word as pledge”) is an unusual phrase; the rendering is uncertain.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (stray mark of the digitization): actus., → actus,.

Extrabiblical texts: Epicurus (Epicurus (sayings and fragments); allusion); Ovid, Met. 1.82 (Ovid; allusion)

Topics: Christology

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 22.33 (CSEL 30:188lines 33–63–189; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/22-33). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

22.64CSEL 30:189lines 64–95–190

huius diuino mortales munere fulti adsequimur fragilem castis euincere factis naturam et rigidae disrumpere uincula mortis et non corporeis in corpore legibus uti, sectantes diuina dei uestigia Christi, mente animam corpusque sacris moderante sub armis, mens quoniam subiecta deo capit arma salutis inque animam carnemque suam regnum obtinet, et fit iure potens homo quisque sui, qui deditus uni aeternum domino proprios regnator in artus efficitur, uitiis inuictus et osor iniqui, fortior aduersis uirtutibus, ordine iusto uerus homo, quia mente potens, in qua rationis lumen habet, famulos nullo certamine sensus temperat et placidis sua pectora flectit habenis. tu, cui mens generosa superni seminis igne ardet, in aetherios animo conscende recessus et gremio domini caput insere; mox inhianti proflua lacte sacro largus dabit ubera Christus diuinoque tuam perfundet lumine mentem, ut uideas pulsa caligine magna tremendi iura dei, quibus omniparens sapientia Christus in sese ipse manens semper nouat omnia rerum. atque ut uult, operum deus arbiter ipse suorum, continet et mutat species et tempora uitae porrigit aut retrahit, caelum mare sidera uentos qua fecit uirtute regens (docet exitus ingens Aegypti mersusque mari refluente tyrannus, et prius ipse graues elementa per omnia motus expertus), quem cuncta tremant, cui cuncta ministrent. tempore namque uno tellus communis habebat Iudaeos, quae sola deo tunc lecta fuit gens;

Supported by his divine gift, we mortals manage to overcome our fragile nature by chaste deeds and to break the chains of rigid death, and in the body not to follow bodily laws, following the divine footsteps of Christ God, with the mind governing soul and body under sacred arms, since the mind subjected to God takes up the arms of salvation and obtains a kingdom over its own soul and flesh; and each man becomes rightly master of himself, who, given to the one Lord for ever, is made ruler over his own limbs, unconquered by vices and a hater of wickedness, stronger than adversities by virtues, in just order a true man, because, mighty in mind, in which he has the light of reason, he tempers the servant senses with no struggle and bends his breast with calm reins. You, whose noble mind burns with the fire of heavenly seed, climb in spirit into the heavenly recesses and lay your head in the bosom of the Lord; soon, as you gape for it, Christ will generously give breasts flowing with sacred milk and will flood your mind with divine light, so that, the fog driven off, you may see the great laws of the dread God, by which Christ, the all-begetting Wisdom, abiding in himself, always renews all things. And as he wills, God, himself the judge of his works, holds and changes forms and lengthens or shortens the times of life, ruling heaven, sea, stars, winds by the power by which he made them (the great exodus from Egypt teaches it, and the tyrant drowned in the returning sea, who had himself before experienced heavy upheavals through all the elements), he whom all things fear, whom all things serve. For at one time a common land held the Jews, then the only nation chosen by God;

John 13:23 (allusion, medium confidence) · 1 Pet 2:2 (echo, medium confidence) · Rom 8:2 (echo, medium confidence) · Exod 14:27 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 7:20 (allusion, medium confidence) · Eph 6:17 (echo, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Through Christ humans can master their bodies and passions; Jovius should rest in Christ's bosom to learn that God, who renews all things, rules nature and life, as the exodus showed.

  • Wisdom renewing all things: Wis 7:27 (outside the 66 books). The plagues and the exodus: Exod 7–14. Lying on the Lord's breast: John 13:23.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (stray mark of the digitization): Christi,. → Christi,.

Extrabiblical texts: Wis 7:27 (Wisdom of Solomon [in RC, EO, ETH canons]; allusion)

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 22.64 (CSEL 30:189lines 64–95–190; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/22-64). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

22.96CSEL 30:190lines 96–125–192

et tamen illa dei grauis hostibus ira superbis permixtos inter populos discreta cucurrit. iam scio, non dicis, quod fors incerta procellis et mare casus agat, mare cum discedere iussum discessisse legas siccamque rigentibus undis inter aquas patuisse uiam rursusque solutum aequor ad imperium sancti uirgamque prophetae in liquidos remeasse sinus. in utroque maris uis paruit, ut sanctis iter et uindicta daretur. quid profugus Tharsum uates, quem sorte pericli in mare deiectum spatioso belua rictu cepit et innocuum uasta eructauit ab aluo? nonne docet dicione dei mare et astra moueri? namque deum frustra fugiens, quem cuncta tenentem nemo fugit, mouit caeli simul et maris iras. omnipotentis enim domini natura rebellem cognoscens timuit per se quasi conscia tutum ferre reum et uentis fugitiuum uinxit et undis. iste propheta deo lectus terrere minaci peccantes monitu populos, postquam graue dixit exitium fregitque reos auertit et iras numinis, inpenso lauit sua crimina fletu, extremumque diem fugit bene uersa Niniue. num rex ille habuit fatum, qui morte propinqua orauit dominum, quem leges nouerat unum flectere posse suas, consumptum ut tenderet aeuum longius, et meruit tria ducere lustra, superstes annis ipse suis, et non sua uiuere saecla? nunc tria miremur texentem fata Platonem aut Arati numeros aut picta Manethonis astra?

and yet that heavy anger of God against the proud enemies ran distinct among the mingled peoples. Now I know you do not say that uncertain chance drives the sea with storms, when you read that the sea, bidden to part, parted, and a dry way lay open between the waters with the waves stiffened, and again the loosened sea, at the command and rod of the holy prophet, returned into its liquid bays. In both the power of the sea obeyed, so that a way was given to the saints and vengeance. What of the prophet fleeing to Tarshish, whom, thrown into the sea by the lot of danger, a beast caught with its wide jaws and belched out unharmed from its vast belly? Does he not teach that sea and stars are moved by God's command? For, fleeing God in vain, whom, as he holds all things, no one escapes, he stirred the wrath of sky and sea together. For nature, knowing him a rebel against the almighty Lord, feared, as if aware, to carry the guilty man safely by itself, and bound the fugitive with winds and waves. This prophet was chosen by God to terrify sinful peoples with threatening warning; after he spoke of heavy destruction and broke the guilty and turned away the wrath of divinity, Nineveh washed its crimes with lavish weeping, and, well turned, escaped its last day. Did that king have a fate, who, with death near, prayed to the Lord, who he knew alone could bend his own laws, to stretch his spent age further, and earned to draw out three lustra, outliving his own years, and to live ages not his own? Shall we now admire Plato weaving three fates, or the numbers of Aratus, or the painted stars of Manetho?

Exod 14:21 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 14:27 (allusion, high confidence) · Jonah 1:3 (allusion, high confidence) · Jonah 1:15 (allusion, high confidence) · Jonah 2:10 (allusion, high confidence) · Jonah 3:10 (allusion, high confidence) · 2 Kgs 20:6 (allusion, high confidence) · Isa 38:5 (allusion, medium confidence) · Ps 139:7 (138:7 Vulg.) (echo, low confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: God, not chance or fate, rules nature and life, as shown by the parting of the sea, Jonah, Nineveh's repentance, and Hezekiah's fifteen added years; astrology and Plato's fates are vain.

  • The sea parted: Exod 14:21–29. Jonah: Jonah 1–3. Hezekiah's fifteen years: 2 Kgs 20:1–6; Isa 38:5. Plato's three Fates: Resp. 617c. Aratus wrote on the constellations; Manetho is the reputed author of an astrological poem.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (leaked line number): 100 discessisse → discessisse.

Extrabiblical texts: Plato, Resp. 617c (Plato (works); allusion); Aratus, Phaen. (Aratus, Phaenomena; allusion)

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 22.96 (CSEL 30:190lines 96–125–192; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/22-96). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

22.126CSEL 30:192lines 126–167–193

dicant, quaeso, ubi tunc rapidas nascentibus horas ponebant et quae quibus ibant sidera signis, cum pius Ezechias fidei uirtute precatus uerteret astrorum cursus caelique meatus turbaret iussis retroacto lumine solis? uel ducis imperio sancti cum sisteret idem dilata sol nocte diem, ut uictoria sacri profligaretur populi, stetit orbe recurso libra poli, ut magnos caperet lux aucta triumphos. quid soboles uirtusque dei et sapientia Christus, nonne satis uanis curas erroribus aufert? nosque simul monitis et factis edocet unum cuncta deum regere, et nihil ut sine mente putemus principis esse dei, dicens non arbore frondem, aere non uolucrem sine iussu decidere? et cum omnipotens uerbo sternit mare uel pede calcat et uerbo morbos abigit uel daemonas urget aut reduces animas in corpora functa remittit iamque diu exanimos tumulis iubet ire reclusis integratque putres uita remeante sepultos, nonne potestatem propriam satis indicat auctor qui solus naturam omnem uitamque gubernat? his, precor, his potius studiumque operamque legendis scribendisque uoue; cane grandia coepta tonantis, scribe creatarum uerbo primordia rerum et chaos ante diem primaeque crepuscula lucis, quaeque dehinc uariis elementa per omnia saeclis dicta uel acta deo per sancta uolumina disces, quae docuit tabulis legalibus indita Moyses aut euangelici quae lex noua testamenti signat, operta prius retegens mysteria Christi. tunc te diuinum uere memorabo poetam et quasi dulcis aquae potum tua carmina ducam, cum mihi nectareos summis a fontibus haustus praebebunt dominum rerum recinentia Christum atque tuam pollere deo testantia mentem, ut simul oris opes a te mentisque capessam et quem cognatum iunctum mihi foedere laetor gratuler et sancta sub religione propinquum, nec cum mortali soluendis corpore uinclis perpetuo sanctum conplectar pignore fratrem. lege felix, Ioui, in Christo Iesu domino nostro.

Let them say, I ask, where they then placed the swift hours for those being born, and which stars went with which signs, when godly Hezekiah, praying by the power of faith, turned the courses of the stars and disturbed the passages of heaven by his commands, the light of the sun driven back? Or when the same sun, at the command of a holy leader, held back the day, night delayed, so that the victory of the sacred people might be completed: the balance of the sky stood still, the world's turning checked, so that the increased light might take in great triumphs. What of Christ, the offspring and power and wisdom of God, does he not sufficiently remove our cares from vain errors? And he teaches us both by warnings and by deeds that one God rules all things, so that we should think nothing to be without the mind of God the ruler, saying that not a leaf falls from the tree, nor a bird from the air, without his command? And when the Almighty calms the sea by his word or treads it with his foot, and drives away diseases by his word or presses demons, or sends souls back into dead bodies, and bids those long lifeless come out of opened tombs, and restores the rotten buried as life returns, does he not sufficiently show his own power as the author who alone governs all nature and life? To these, I pray, to these rather vow your study and labour of reading and writing; sing the great undertakings of the Thunderer, write the beginnings of things created by the Word, and the chaos before day and the twilight of the first light, and whatever, through all the elements in various ages since, you will learn was said or done by God through the holy volumes, which Moses taught, set on the tablets of the law, or which the new law of the gospel testament marks, revealing the mysteries of Christ, hidden before. Then I shall truly call you a divine poet, and shall drink your songs like a draught of sweet water, when they offer me nectar-draughts from the highest fountains, singing back Christ the Lord of things and testifying that your mind is strong with God, so that I may take from you at once riches of mouth and mind, and may congratulate the kinsman whom I rejoice to have joined to me by covenant, and near to me under holy religion, and, with bonds not to be dissolved with the mortal body, may embrace you as a holy brother with an everlasting pledge. Read happily, Jovius, in Christ Jesus our Lord.

2 Kgs 20:11 (allusion, high confidence) · Josh 10:13 (allusion, high confidence) · 1 Cor 1:24 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 10:29 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 8:26 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 14:25 (allusion, high confidence) · John 11:43 (allusion, medium confidence) · Matt 27:52 (allusion, medium confidence) · Gen 1:3 (echo, medium confidence) · Exod 31:18 (echo, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The sun's retreat for Hezekiah and standing still for Joshua refute astrology; Christ teaches that God governs everything; Paulinus urges Jovius to write sacred poetry instead and so become his brother in Christ.

  • The shadow turned back for Hezekiah: 2 Kgs 20:9–11. The sun standing still for Joshua: Josh 10:12–14. Christ the power and wisdom of God: 1 Cor 1:24. Not a sparrow falls: Matt 10:29. Stilling the sea and walking on it: Matt 8:26; 14:25. Raising the dead and the opened tombs: John 11:43–44; Matt 27:52. The closing line is a prose valediction.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (leaked line number; stray mark of the digitization): legendis. → legendis; 165 nec cum → nec cum.

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 22.126 (CSEL 30:192lines 126–167–193; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/22-126). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

Chapter 23

23.1CSEL 30:194lines 1–32–195

Ver auibus uoces aperit, mea lingua suum uer natalem Felicis habet, quo lumine et ipsa floret hiems populis gaudentibus; et licet atro frigore tempus adhuc mediis hiberna pruinis ducat, concretum terris canentibus annum, ista luce tamen nobis pia gaudia laetum uer faciunt. cedit pulsis a pectore curis maeror, hiems animi; fugiunt a corde sereno nubila tristitiae. sicut cognoscit amicos mitis hirundo dies et pinnis candida nigris ales et illa piae turtur cognata columbae, nec nisi uere nouo resonant acalanthida dumi, quaeque sub hirsutis mutae modo saepibus errant mox reduci passim laetantur uere uolucres, tam uariae linguis quam uersicoloribus alis: sic et ego hunc agnosco diem, quem sancta quotannis festa nouant iusto magni Felicis honore. nunc placidum mihi uer gaudente renascitur anno, nunc libet ora modis et carmina soluere uotis uocibus et uernare nouis. deus, influe cordi, Christe, meo et superis sitientem fontibus exple. sed de te uel gutta meis aspersa medullis flumen erit. quid enim mirum, si rore pusillo tu minimam repleas animam, qui corpore paruo factus homo aeterno conplesti semine mundum et totum gutta seruasti sanguinis orbem? adnue, fons uerbi, uerbum deus, et uelut illam me modo ueris auem dulci fac uoce canorum, quae uiridi sub fronte latens solet auia rara multimodis mulcere modis linguamque per unam fundere non unas mutato carmine uoces, unicolor plumis ales, sed picta loquellis.

Spring opens voices for the birds; my tongue has its spring in the birthday of Felix, by whose light winter itself flowers for rejoicing peoples; and though with black cold the season still draws out its wintry quarters amid frosts, the year congealed on whitening lands, yet on this day godly joys make a glad spring for us. Grief, the winter of the mind, yields, its cares driven from the breast; the clouds of sadness flee from the serene heart. As the gentle swallow recognizes friendly days, and the white bird with black wings, and that turtledove, kin of the godly dove, and the thickets resound with goldfinches only in new spring, and the birds which only lately wandered mute under bristling hedges soon rejoice everywhere as spring returns, as varied in their tongues as in their many-coloured wings: so I too recognize this day, which holy festivals renew every year with the just honour of great Felix. Now a calm spring is reborn for me as the year rejoices; now it delights to loose my mouth in measures and songs in vows, and to flower with new voices. God, flow into my heart, Christ, and fill me, thirsty, from heavenly fountains. But even a drop from you, sprinkled on my marrow, will be a river. For what wonder is it if with a little dew you fill the smallest soul, you who, made man in a small body, filled the world with eternal seed and saved the whole world with a drop of blood? Nod assent, fountain of the Word, God the Word, and make me now melodious with sweet voice like that bird of spring which, hiding under green foliage, rare in pathless places, is wont to soothe with many kinds of measures and through one tongue pour out more than one voice in changing song, a bird of one colour in plumage, but painted in its songs.

John 7:38 (echo, medium confidence) · John 1:14 (echo, medium confidence) · Song 2:12 (echo, low confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Felix's feast is spring for Paulinus even in midwinter; he asks Christ, who saved the world with a drop of blood, to make him sing like the nightingale.

  • The bird of varied song is the nightingale.

Topics: Christology

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 23.1 (CSEL 30:194lines 1–32–195; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/23-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

23.33CSEL 30:195lines 33–60–196

nunc teretes rotat illa modos, nunc sibila longis ducit acuta sonis, rursum quasi flebile carmen inchoat et subito praecidens fine querellam adtonitas rupto modulamine decipit aures. sed mihi iuge fluat de te tua gratia, Christe. et tamen illius mihi deprecor alitis instar donetur uariare modis et pacta quotannis carmina mutatis uno licet ore loquellis promere, diuersas quia semper gratia diues materias miris domini uirtutibus addit, quas deus in caro Christus Felice frequentat, clara salutiferis edens miracula signis. cernimus illa diem spectari sueta per omnem, uipeream subolem, saeuos cum daemonas urget occultaque manu clamosos uerberat hostes; sed tamen hac ipsum mirum uirtute notatur, quod licet in toto cruciatos daemonas anno exagitet iubeatque hominum discedere membris, producat plerosque tamen, quo longior hostes poena malos agitet uel ut illi, qui meruere uasa malis fieri, ob meritum tardante medella plenius omne luant dilato tempore crimen, siue hoc natali studet indulgere diei, ut paucis alias det opem, quo plura benignus natali det dona suo. nam cum ista propinquat elabente dies anno, tunc crebrior instat et grauior. uideas tunc aegra examina cogi densius et certam repeti prope festa salutem.

Now it rolls smooth measures, now draws out sharp whistles in long sounds, again begins as it were a tearful song, and suddenly cutting off its complaint with an end deceives astonished ears with the melody broken. But let your grace flow on me continually from you, Christ. And yet I pray that, like that bird, it may be granted me to vary my measures and to bring forth every year the promised songs with changed speech, though from one mouth, because rich grace always adds different material through the Lord's wondrous powers, which God, Christ, multiplies in dear Felix, producing famous miracles with saving signs. We see those which are wont to be seen every day, when he presses the viper's brood, the savage demons, and lashes the shouting enemies with a hidden hand; but this itself is noted as a wonder in this power: that although throughout the whole year he harasses the tormented demons and bids them leave the limbs of men, yet he prolongs many cases, so that a longer punishment may harass the evil enemies, or so that those who deserved to become vessels for evils, the healing delayed on account of their desert, may pay more fully for every crime over a prolonged time; or whether he is eager to indulge his birthday in this, to give help to few at other times, so that, kind, he may give more gifts on his birthday. For when this day draws near as the year slips away, then he presses more often and more heavily. You might see sick swarms then gathered more densely and sure health sought near the festival.

Matt 3:7 (echo, low confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Paulinus asks for varied song like the nightingale's, for Felix's wonders vary each year; the exorcisms at his shrine grow more frequent and powerful as his feast draws near.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (stray mark of the digitization): toto cruciatos daemonas anno. → toto cruciatos daemonas anno; membris, . → membris,.

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 23.33 (CSEL 30:195lines 33–60–196; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/23-33). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

23.61CSEL 30:196lines 61–95–197

tunc solito grauius succensi daemones ardent flebiliusque ululant et ui maiore subacti ultima iam tormenta gemunt, nec abire sinuntur excessu facili, sed miris ante agitati et uariis male suppliciis tolluntur in altum, suspensi solito sublimius, et quatiuntur aeris in uacuo uinclisque latentibus haerent poenali per inane mora; per non sua quamuis corpora uexatos hostes sua poena fatigat. soluuntur poenis, cum poenas ferre uidentur corpore, et inmunes animae spectant aliena in membris tormenta suis; homo daemone capto liber agit, species poenarum in corpore tantum est; sensus abest, quia non hominis sed daemonis est crux. hostis amare, quid insultas, qua spe ruis in nos? ecce redemptoris nostri malus arte uicissim luderis inlusor; dolus et tuus in tua cedit uincla tibi, capiens caperis nectensque ligaris. fit laqueus laqueatus homo, et sua praeda latronem decipit; et capti captiuus corporis escam dum petit inlicitam, letalem deuorat hamum. his etiam potiora, tamen spectata profabor, ante alios illum, cui membra uetustior hostis obsidet, ad sacri pia limina martyris aegra excussum de plebe rapi admotumque sacratis ante fores sancti cancellis corpore uerso suspendi pedibus spectantem tecta supinis, quodque magis mirum atque sacrum est, nec in ora relapsis uestibus ut rigidis aut ad uestigia sutis corporis omne sacrum casto uelatur operto, scilicet ut diuini operis reuerentia tectis corporibus maneat, nec poena daemon in ipsa qua cruciatur ouet, nudis prodendo pudorem artubus; inlaeso grauius torquetur honesto, recta licet uersis sedeant cum tegmina membris.

Then the demons, kindled more heavily than usual, burn and howl more mournfully and, subdued by greater force, groan now at their final torments, nor are they allowed to depart by an easy exit, but first, driven by wondrous and various painful punishments, they are lifted on high, suspended higher than usual, and are shaken in the void of the air and cling by hidden bonds in penal delay through the void; though it is through bodies not their own, their own punishment wears out the harassed enemies. The souls are released from punishments while they seem to bear punishments in the body, and, immune, they behold torments not their own in their own limbs; the man, with the demon captured, is free; there is only an appearance of punishments in the body; sensation is absent, because the cross is not the man's but the demon's. Bitter enemy, why do you insult us? With what hope do you rush at us? See, wicked one, by the art of our Redeemer in turn you, the mocker, are mocked; your trick turns into your own chains for you; capturing, you are captured, and binding, you are bound. The ensnared man becomes the snare, and the robber's own booty deceives him; and while the captive seeks the unlawful food of the captured body, he devours a deadly hook. I shall tell things greater still than these, yet seen: before others that man, whose sick limbs a long-established enemy besieges, snatched, shaken out from the crowd, to the godly threshold of the sacred martyr, and, brought up to the consecrated railings before the saint's doors, with body turned over, suspended with feet upturned, looking at the roof; and, what is more wondrous and sacred, his clothes do not fall back over his face, but, as if stiff or sewn to his feet, every sacred part of the body is veiled with a chaste covering, so that, evidently, the reverence of the divine work may remain with bodies covered, nor may the demon exult in the very punishment by which he is tormented by exposing shame with naked limbs; he is tortured more heavily with decency unharmed, while the coverings sit straight though the limbs are inverted.

Col 2:15 (echo, low confidence) · Ps 7:15 (7:16 Vulg.) (echo, low confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: As the feast nears, the demons are tormented and lifted into the air in the bodies they possess, though the possessed feel nothing; one possessed man hung upside down without his clothes falling.

  • The image of the devil caught by the bait of Christ's body, like a fish on a hook, is traditional; here it is applied to the demons caught in the bodies they possess. The account is given as written.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (stray mark of the digitization): arte uicissim. → arte uicissim.

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 23.61 (CSEL 30:196lines 61–95–197; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/23-61). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

23.96CSEL 30:197lines 96–128–198

mira haec sunt et magna (quis abnegat?), et tamen usu nota magis, minus auditu miranda uidentur, quamlibet et uisu reuerenda et grandia facto. ergo minuta mei simul et noua facta patroni auscultate, precor, dominus quae Christus in illo multimoda uirtute gerit, quibus omnibus unam confirmare fidem nobis studet, ut per aperta arcanum documenta deum uideamus adesse resque hominum et mentes studio curare paterno caelestem dominum quo condidit omnia uerbo. det mihi prima meus narrandi exordia frater Theridius; nam quod potiusue priusue canendum suscipiam Felicis opus, quam quod mihi tectis ipse meis quibus est idem dominaedius egit? ex illa modo nocte diem cadit annus in istam. nostis eum morem, quo ieiunare solemus ante diem et sero libatis uespere sacris quisque suas remeare domos. tunc ergo solutis coetibus a templo domini, postquam data fessis corporibus requies sumpta dape, coepimus hymnos exultare deo et psalmis producere noctem. interea meus iste choro digressus amico, ut spirante foris aura depelleret aestum, quem fumosa dabat ceratis cella papyris, porticus angusti qua tenditur agmine tecti, nocte licet nullo uia lumine caeca lateret, hic tamen intrepido per cognita limina passu, heu! iam uicini incautus discriminis ibat. comminus in medio tecti cameram inter humumque nutabat solitus lychnum suspendere funis, innectens triiugum supremo stamine ferrum, quo uitreae inseritur penetrabilis ansa lucernae auritusque calix tribus undique figitur uncis.

These things are wonderful and great (who denies it?), and yet, better known by familiarity, they seem less wonderful to hear, however reverend to see and great in deed. So hear, I pray, the small and new deeds of my patron, which the Lord Christ does in him with many-sided power, by all of which he is eager to confirm one faith in us: that through open proofs we may see that the hidden God is present, and that the heavenly Lord, by the Word by which he founded all things, cares with fatherly zeal for the affairs and minds of men. Let my brother Theridius give me the first beginnings of the telling; for what work of Felix shall I take up to be sung sooner or first, than the one he did for me under my own roofs, of which he is also the master? The year falls on this day from that very night. You know that custom by which we are wont to fast before the day, and, the sacred rites offered late in the evening, each returns to his own home. Then, therefore, when the assemblies were dismissed from the Lord's temple, after rest was given to weary bodies by taking food, we began to exult in hymns to God and to prolong the night with psalms. Meanwhile this brother of mine, leaving the friendly choir to drive off, in the breeze breathing outside, the heat which the cell, smoky with waxed papyrus wicks, gave, where the portico stretches in a row of narrow roof, though the path lay hidden, blind with no light at night, yet here, with fearless step through familiar thresholds, alas, he was going, unwary of the danger now near. Close by, in the middle of the roof, between the ceiling and the ground, the rope that usually suspends a lamp was swinging, tying to its top thread a three-pronged iron, into which the handle of a glass lamp is inserted, and the eared cup is fixed by three hooks on every side.

Notes and citation

Summary: Paulinus tells a smaller miracle: on the eve of the feast, after the fast and the evening service, his companion Theridius stepped out of the hymn-singing into a dark portico where a lamp-rope hung.

  • The vigil of the feast: a fast during the day, evening rites, then hymns and psalms through the night. Theridius was a member of Paulinus's community.

Topics: Prayer

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 23.96 (CSEL 30:197lines 96–128–198; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/23-96). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

23.129CSEL 30:198lines 129–159–200

funditus albet aqua, super undam flauet oliuo. stat liquor in liquido, subiecto lubricus umor fonte natat, neque iuncta coit mixtura fluoris. et mirum, quod pingue natat; neque densa solutum rumpit materies elementum, sed leue crassum sustinet, ut solido dilutior unda fluento, subsistensque oleo liquidis aqua fundamentum est. tantaque confusis intus discordia sucis lucet, ut admixtos uideas distare liquores, communique sinu calicis discrimine claro quaeque sui laticis seruat natura colorem. mergitur in medio plumbum tripes, et cauus illo extat apex uncti stipatus fomite lini. stuppa madens liquidum tenui face concipit ignem, et circumfusum spatio stagnantis oliui in uitreis exile uadis funale coruscat et tremulo uibrans a uertice lumen acutum leniter umbrosam iacit in penetralia lucem et placido densas aperit splendore tenebras. hoc tamen emensa fuerat iam nocte remotum, productas quoniam pueris uigilantibus horas consumpto bibulum defecerat unguine lumen. sed puer, extincto abstulerat qui lumine lychnum, quem deponendo funem laxarat, eundem neglexit solito adductum restringere nodo. laxior hinc humili fluitabat linea tractu gratae lucis inops et caeci plena pericli. nam laquei summum dentata minantibus uncis armabatur, et his male tunc fuit obuia fratri, paene male aut nutu Christi bene, qui bene uertit feralem nobis memoranda in gaudia casum.

At the bottom it is white with water, above the water yellow with oil. Liquid stands on liquid; the slippery moisture swims on the fountain below, and the mixture of fluids does not come together though joined. And it is wondrous that the fat floats; nor does the dense matter break through the loose element, but the light supports the thick, so that the water, thinner than the solid flow, staying beneath the oil, is the foundation for liquids. And so great a discord shines within among the mixed juices that you may see the liquids mixed yet apart, and in the common bosom of the cup, with clear distinction, the nature of each liquid keeps its colour. A three-footed lead is sunk in the middle, and its hollow tip stands out, packed with the kindling of oiled flax. The wet tow catches liquid fire in a slender flame, and the slender wick flashes in the glass shallows, surrounded by the space of the standing oil, and quivering from its trembling tip a sharp light softly casts shadowy light into the inner rooms and opens the dense darkness with calm splendour. This, however, had been removed when the night was already far spent, since, the hours being prolonged by the wakeful boys, the thirsty light had failed with its oil consumed. But the boy who had taken away the lamp when the light went out, and had loosened the rope in taking it down, neglected to draw it up and tie it back with the usual knot. Hence the line, looser, swung low, without the welcome light and full of blind danger. For the top of the noose was armed with toothed, threatening hooks, and these then met my brother badly, almost badly, or rather well by Christ's nod, who turned well into memorable joys an event deadly for us.

Notes and citation

Summary: Paulinus describes the floating-wick oil lamp; it had been taken down, and the boy left its hooked holder hanging low on a slack rope in the dark.

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 23.129 (CSEL 30:198lines 129–159–200; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/23-129). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

23.160CSEL 30:200lines 160–186–201

ergo (uidete manum Christi) male pendulus ille per tenebras solito funis submissior infra aeris adsuetum spatium pendebat; et inde e capitis regione pari libramine factus, ut status huius erat, securam heu! cuspide trina excepit faciem uenientis et induit unco occurrens oculum teneroque per intima lapsus mucro salit cilio, qua uix solet arte medendi cauta manus leuem trepido moderamine melen ducere palpebramque leui suffundere tractu. percussus subito tam duri uerberis ictu exclamat trepidasque manus turbatus ad ipsum fert oculum; et pariter clausum cum lumine ferrum continet, ut reprimat uel, si cadat, ut labentem excipiat globulum, qui luminis intima seruans intra folliculum teretem liquido interfuso sub uitrea nigri latet albus imagine pupi. hic ueluti radix oculum subeunte medulla fulcit et umecto uenarum fomite pascit, dum parili fontes oculorum sidere constant. at si forte graui morbo disrupta uel ictu heu! male dissiliat membrana fluentis ocelli, prosilit iste globus sucoque relictus alente deserit arentem uacuata luce lacunam. interea puer excussus clamore dolentis adcurrit stratum somno fugiente relinquens accensamque manu praetendit ad ora lucernam.

So (see the hand of Christ) that rope, wrongly hanging through the darkness lower than usual, hung below its accustomed space in the air; and thence, made level with the region of his head, as his height was, alas, with its triple point it caught the face of the unsuspecting man as he came and put a hook into his eye as it met him, and the point, slipping through to the inmost, leaped under the tender eyelid, where the cautious hand of the healing art can scarcely guide a light probe with trembling control and draw it under the eyelid with a light touch. Struck suddenly by the blow of so hard a stroke, he cries out and, disturbed, brings his trembling hands to the eye itself; and he holds the iron shut in together with the eye, to restrain it, or, if it should fall, to catch the slipping little ball, which, keeping the inmost parts of sight, lies white within a round bag with liquid poured between, under the glassy image of the black pupil. This, like a root, supports the eye with marrow beneath and feeds it with the moist fuel of the veins, while the fountains of the eyes stand firm in an equal star. But if, by heavy disease or blow, alas, the membrane of the flowing little eye is torn and bursts, that ball leaps out and, left by the nourishing juice, deserts the drying hollow emptied of light. Meanwhile the boy, roused by the cry of the sufferer, runs up, leaving his bed as sleep flees, and holds a lit lamp with his hand to his face.

Notes and citation

Summary: In the dark the hook pierced Theridius's eye under the eyelid; he held it fast, fearing to lose the eye, while a boy ran up with a lamp.

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 23.160 (CSEL 30:200lines 160–186–201; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/23-160). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

23.187CSEL 30:201lines 187–219–202

clauserat hic manibus uultus et fronte supina contigero similis iuueni spectabat in altum, ut daret inmotum librato corpore funem, uulneris arbitrio trepidantia membra gubernans, dum timet aduerso uulnus diducere motu, captiuique oculi ex uno, quo liber agebat, lumine discrimen sociali parte cauebat, nec tamen audebat ducendum adtingere ferrum, ne simul haerentem ductu mucronis et orbem extraheret, neque iam poterat sub lumine fixi ferre moram teli. sed desperante medellam ex ope mortali diuina mox ope Felix inploratus adest, quem tanto in uulnere pendens aduocat et tali depromit uoce querellam: ei mihi! quanta meos urgent peccata labores, qui tantam merui plagam Felice patrono uicinoque simul Felicis et insuper ipso natali miser excipere? heu! magno reus ingens crimine, quem tunc poena ferit, cum soluere sueuit. sancte, precor, succurre tuo; scio, proximus adstas et de contigua missis huc auribus aede audisti, Felix, fletum infelicis alumni; siue modo excelso lateri coniunctus adhaeres ante thronum magni regis confessor amicus, pauperis hanc, uenerande, tui trans nubila uocem accipis aure dei neque temnis, sed petis illic quam mihi deportes Christo miserante salutem. ergo ueni, Felix animaeque perenne patronus, nunc pro corporeo medicus mihi curre periclo. curre, precor, sanctasque manus oppone minanti lapsum oculo et fixum quod conspicis erue ferrum, quod propria reuocare manu non audeo, ne me lumine despoliem, dum conor soluere telo.

He had covered his face with his hands and, with his forehead turned upward, like one transfixed, was looking up, to keep the rope unmoving, his body balanced, governing his trembling limbs by the requirements of the wound, while he feared to tear the wound open by a contrary movement, and with the one eye that was still free he guarded the captured eye from danger by its companion's help, and yet did not dare to touch the iron to draw it out, lest by drawing the point he should draw out the clinging ball as well, nor could he any longer bear the delay of the weapon fixed beneath his sight. But, as he despaired of healing from mortal help, soon Felix, implored, is present with divine help; hanging in so great a wound, he calls on him and brings out his complaint in such words: “Woe is me! How great are the sins that press my labours, who have deserved, wretch, to receive so great a blow with Felix as patron, and near Felix too, and moreover on his very birthday? Alas, guilty of great crime, whom punishment strikes at the time when he is wont to release. Holy one, I pray, help your own; I know you stand nearest, and from the adjoining building, with your ears turned here, you have heard, Felix, the weeping of your unhappy nursling; or if you cling now, joined to the lofty side, before the throne of the great King as a friendly confessor, you receive this voice of your poor man, revered one, across the clouds with the ear of God, and do not scorn it, but there you ask for the health that you may bring me, Christ pitying. So come, Felix, everlasting patron of my soul, now run to me as physician in bodily danger. Run, I pray, and set your holy hands against the fall threatening my eye, and pull out the fixed iron you see, which I do not dare to draw out with my own hand, lest I rob myself of sight while I try to free myself from the weapon.

Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.

Notes and citation

Summary: Not daring to pull out the hook, Theridius calls on Felix, who hears him from his nearby tomb or from God's throne, to come as physician and remove it.

  • “contigero” in the digital text is unclear; it is rendered by sense (“like one transfixed”). The digital text's “sine modo” is read “siue modo” (“or if now”). Felix's intercession is asked as written.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (digitization slip (n for u)): sine modo → siue modo.

Topics: Prayer

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 23.187 (CSEL 30:201lines 187–219–202; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/23-187). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

23.220CSEL 30:202lines 220–248–203

sic etenim penitus mihi sentio fulmen adactum inserto sub operta oculi penetralia clauo. tu tantum, diuina manus, quae condidit ipsos in nobis oculos, quae te quoque dextra potentem sanifera uirtute dedit, qua daemonas atros excruciando domas, qua corporis omne caduci, pellere tormentum potes alto nomine Christi, omnipotente potens domino; quo praesule nunc me suscipe sanandum. nec te mea crimina uincant, sed magis a te uicta cadant. nam dignior isto uulnere sum, fateor, placidi quam munere Christi. sed domini ipsius uerbum factumque memento, qui peccatoris uitam ueniendo redemit. iustitiae si iure uelis decernere mecum, non sum uno tantum sed lumine dignus utroque multari, ut talis facie sim, qualis et intus corde tenebroso, de quo male uisibus utor corporeis, caecus iustis, oculatus iniquis, et peccatorem luscum fateor decet esse, si deceat talem esse tuum. quocumque ligatus crimine fit dignus uenia, iam si tuus esse coeperit, ut dudum coepi pars esse tuorum, quos ego non patriae telluris amore secutus sed desiderio, quo me tibi, sancte, dicaram, per maris et terrae contempta pericula ueni; exemploque boni cognatae uincula terrae, ut tibi seruirem, rupi, consortibus illis, cum quibus et me iacto tuum; quod in hac ope monstra, ne perdam tanto confixum uulnere lumen.

For so I feel the bolt driven deep into me, the nail inserted under the covered inner parts of the eye. Only you, divine hand, which made the very eyes in us, the right hand which made you too mighty with healing power, by which you tame the black demons by tormenting them, by which you can drive out every torment of the perishing body by the lofty name of Christ, mighty through the almighty Lord: with him as protector, now take me up to be healed. And let not my sins conquer you, but rather let them fall, conquered by you. For I am worthier of this wound, I confess, than of the gift of gentle Christ. But remember the word and deed of the Lord himself, who by his coming redeemed the life of the sinner. If you wish to judge with me by the right of justice, I am worthy to be punished not in one eye only but in both, so that I might be such in face as I am also within, in my dark heart, by which I make ill use of my bodily sight, blind to just things, sharp-eyed for wicked ones, and I confess that the sinner ought to be one-eyed, if it is fitting that such a man be yours. Bound by whatever crime, he becomes worthy of pardon if he now begins to be yours, as I long ago began to be part of your own, to whom I came, not following love of my native land, but with the desire by which I had dedicated myself to you, holy one, despising the dangers of sea and land; and, by the example of the good, I broke the bonds of my kindred land to serve you, together with those companions among whom I boast myself yours; show it in this help, that I may not lose my sight, pierced with so great a wound.

Luke 19:10 (allusion, medium confidence) · 1 Tim 1:15 (allusion, medium confidence) · Matt 18:9 (echo, medium confidence) · Matt 6:23 (echo, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Theridius confesses he deserves to lose both eyes for his sins, but appeals to Christ's coming to save sinners and to his own dedication to Felix's service.

  • Christ came to save sinners: Luke 19:10; 1 Tim 1:15. The eye that causes sin: Matt 18:9.

Topics: Prayer

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 23.220 (CSEL 30:202lines 220–248–203; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/23-220). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

23.249CSEL 30:203lines 249–281–204

da, precor, indigno famulo tam nobile munus in laudem domini, praesta hoc insigne diei, sancte, tuo, ut, confessa tibi quem gloria Christi luminis aeterni natalem in saecula fecit, hunc habeam natalem oculi pariterque celebrem Felicem et lumen mihi de Felice receptum. talia dum plorat simplex, manus ecce beati prospera mox Felicis adest dubiamque timentis adspirans tacite firmat mentemque manumque, ne timeat tuto ausurus producere ferrum. uix hoc conatus fuit, et quasi lubricus uncus ex oculo cadit absque oculo; tantum unda secuta euomuit lacrimis quem subpurauerat aestum. mox oculus tanti purgatus nocte pericli tam puro enituit speculo, quam nunc quoque sanus cernitur aeterni conlucens munere Christi. et puto plus hodie solito niteat, quia lumen addit et ipse dies qui reddidit. ergo fideles cernite nunc animis tanti discriminis instar et pariter tanti perpendite muneris actum. uir iam maturo grauis aeuo et corpore celsus staminis uncino quasi piscis inhaeserat hamo; et uice suspensus lychni pendebat aperto sed non sponte oculo, quem diducebat inuncans subfixo clauus cilio neque uulnus agebat diuina prohibente manu, quae fecerat illic innocuamque aciem ferri simul et leue pondus; qua pituita grauis, pilus intolerabilis et qua nec minimae perferre atomum duramus harenae, hac graue et incuruo quis credat acumine ferrum insuper et lychno concretis sordibus uncto fixum, inpune diu tenuem pressisse metallo pupillam et nullo temeratum uulnere uisum?

Grant, I pray, so noble a gift to your unworthy servant for the praise of the Lord; grant this distinction to your day, holy one, so that, as the glory of Christ, whom you confessed, made this day your birthday of eternal light for ages, I may have it as the birthday of my eye, and may likewise celebrate Felix and the light received for me from Felix.” While the simple man weeps such things, behold, the prospering hand of blessed Felix is soon present, and, silently breathing on the wavering mind of the frightened man, strengthens mind and hand, so that he does not fear to draw out the iron, about to dare in safety. Scarcely had he tried this, and the hook, as if slippery, falls out of the eye without the eye; only a stream followed and spewed out with tears the heat that had festered. Soon the eye, cleansed from the night of so great a danger, shone with as pure a mirror as it is seen now too, sound, shining by the gift of eternal Christ. And I think it shines more today than usual, because the very day that restored the light adds light too. So, faithful ones, behold now in your minds the image of so great a danger, and likewise weigh the working of so great a gift. A man already grave with mature age and tall in body had stuck on the little hook of the line like a fish on a hook; and he hung in the place of the lamp, with his eye open, but not willingly, for the nail, hooking under the eyelid it was fixed in, drew it apart; nor did it make a wound, the divine hand forbidding, which had made there both the point of the iron harmless and its weight light; where heavy mucus or a hair is intolerable, and where we cannot bear the speck of the smallest grain of sand, who would believe that there the heavy iron with curved point, smeared moreover with dirt clotted from the lamp, fixed there, pressed long on the delicate pupil with its metal with impunity, and the sight was violated by no wound?

Notes and citation

Summary: Theridius prays that the feast become his eye's birthday; strengthened by Felix, he draws the hook out and his eye is unharmed.

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 23.249 (CSEL 30:203lines 249–281–204; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/23-249). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

23.282CSEL 30:204lines 282–316–205

quae tam subtilis digitis manus aut opis arte, quae se tam tenui potuit discrimine iunctis inserere et medio palpebrae oculique subactum inter utramque uiam fragili per utrumque meatu inlaeso penetrans oculo suspendere ferrum, quod solidi crasso totum conplebat operti orbem oculi, figens acie nec uulnere laedens? quae manus hoc potuit nisi quae manus omnia fecit? spiritus ille dei penetrator ubique per omnes naturas rerum, tenui subtilior omni, perdita caecatis qui lumina reddidit et qui ex utero et caecum noua lumina fecit habere, uultum inperfecti natura corporis inplens arte creatoris, qua totum perficit orbem, filius ille dei, manus et sapientia patris, omniparens rerum fons et constantia, Christus. ipse illum quondam non plenae matris in aluo finxerat, ut posthac homo factus et ipse creator hoc quoque diuinis opus admirabile signis adderet, ut uacuos expleret uisibus orbes. denique humi sputans limum facit, unde negatos nascenti obtutus credenti reddit alumno, materiaque eadem defecta in parte perornat semiperactum hominem, qua toto corpore finxit, ut se ipsum nostra uenisse in carne probaret qui cum patre deo communis imaginis ore conpositum limo et flatu formauerat Adam. ipse opifex, lux nostra, deus, Felicis amici natalem tanta uoluit decorare medella, ut confessoris meritum sublime potenti munere monstraret, non ut cumularet honorem martyris hoc opere, ingentes cui contulit olim nobilibus titulis benedicto nomine palmas, quas indefessis in eo uirtutibus omni tempore continuat domini clementia Christi.

What hand so fine in its fingers or in the art of healing could insert itself into so slight a gap between joined parts, and, penetrating between the eyelid and the eye, pushed under along both ways by a fragile passage, suspend the iron with the eye unharmed, iron which filled the whole orb of the eye with the thickness of its solid covering, fixing it with its point yet not hurting it with a wound? What hand could do this but the hand that made all things? That Spirit of God, penetrating everywhere through all natures of things, finer than everything fine, who restored lost light to the blinded and who made one blind from the womb to have new light, filling out the face of an imperfect body's nature with the Creator's art, by which he perfects the whole world, that Son of God, the hand and wisdom of the Father, the all-producing fountain and stability of things, Christ. He himself once fashioned that man in his mother's womb not complete, so that afterward, made man and himself creator, he might add this wondrous work too to his divine signs, filling the empty orbs with sight. In short, spitting on the ground he makes clay, from which he gives back to his believing nursling the sight denied him at birth, and with the same material with which he had fashioned the whole body he completes the half-finished man in the defective part, to prove that he himself had come in our flesh, he who, with God the Father, by the word of a common image, had formed Adam, composed of clay and breath. He himself, the maker, our light, God, willed to adorn the birthday of his friend Felix with so great a healing, to show the lofty merit of the confessor by a mighty gift, not to heap up the honour of the martyr by this work, on whom he had long ago conferred great palms with noble titles and blessed name, which the kindness of Christ the Lord continues in him at all times with untiring powers.

John 9:1 (allusion, high confidence) · John 9:6 (allusion, high confidence) · John 9:7 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 2:7 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 1:26 (allusion, medium confidence) · 1 Cor 1:24 (echo, medium confidence) · John 1:3 (echo, medium confidence) · 1 John 4:2 (echo, low confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Only the hand that made all things, Christ, could have held the hook without injuring the eye, the same Christ who healed the man born blind with clay as he had formed Adam from clay.

  • The man born blind healed with clay: John 9:1–7. Adam formed from clay and breath, in the common image of Father and Son: Gen 1:26; 2:7. The Spirit penetrating all things: Wis 7:23–24 (outside the 66 books). Paulinus here calls Christ “that Spirit of God”; given as written.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray mark of the digitization): arte,- → arte,; iunctis' → iunctis; ipse ilium → ipse illum; alumno,. → alumno,.

Extrabiblical texts: Wis 7:24 (Wisdom of Solomon [in RC, EO, ETH canons]; echo)

Topics: Christology

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 23.282 (CSEL 30:204lines 282–316–205; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/23-282). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

23.317CSEL 30:205lines 317–335–206

sed nobis uoluit specialem tempore in isto laetitiam donare deus propriique patroni tale aliquod propriis operans signum dare seruis, quo nos siderei proprios Felicis alumnos proderet et merito illius curaque doceret uiuere, quo nostram seruans custode salutem saepius infestum nocturnis casibus hostem a nostris pariter membris et mentibus arcet. denique iam nostri gaudemus honore pericli, cernentesque pari splendentem lumina uisu, quem paene amisso deformem uidimus uno, laetamur tactis hoc sospite fratre medullis, quem tanto nobis donauit munere Christus. iure oculis hunc aequo meis, in lumine cuius Felicis manus in Christo, mea gloria, fulget. o felix casus, bona uulnera, dulce periclum, per quod cognoui me curam martyris esse. tanti namque fuit lumen mihi paene perisse, ut modo Felicis de munere lumen haberem.

But God willed to give us a special joy at this time, and, working some such sign of our own patron for his own servants, to show us as the very nurslings of starry Felix, and to teach us to live by his merit and care, by which, guarding our salvation as watchman, he often keeps the hostile enemy with his night attacks away from our limbs and minds alike. In short, we now rejoice in the honour of our danger, and, seeing shining with equal sight him whom we had seen almost disfigured with one eye lost, we rejoice, touched in our marrow, that this brother is safe, whom Christ has given us with so great a gift. Rightly I value him equal to my eyes, in whose light the hand of Felix shines in Christ, my glory. O happy fall, good wounds, sweet danger, through which I learned that I am the care of the martyr! For it was worth so much to me almost to have lost light, that I now have light by Felix's gift.

Notes and citation

Summary: Paulinus rejoices that this sign shows his household to be under Felix's special care, and calls the accident a happy fall.

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 23.317 (CSEL 30:205lines 317–335–206; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/23-317). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.

Chapter 24

24.1CSEL 30:206lines 1–30–207

Martinianum spiritu fratrem mihi unaque germanum fide, quem tu disertis prosecutus litteris ad nos uenire miseras, nunc uix salutis conpotem factum suae, scriptis inanem perditis sed caritatis indicem plenum tuae ut os tuum suscepimus, et ueriorem litteris epistolam de corde signatam tuo, cum te referret spiritali littera, et mente et aure legimus. nunc ambo nexi ad inuicem dextras damus in osculo pacis sacrae et inmolamus hostiam laudis deo gratesque Christo reddimus, quo liberante nostra sospes e mari intraret hospes limina; nam dira passus et tamen miracula expertus in periculis. patria profectus cognita causa tibi iter pedestre legerat, sed longa secum spatia terrarum putans uertit uiae sententiam et otiosam fluctuandi nauseam pedum labori praetulit. Narbone soluit per trucem ponti uiam fragili carinae credulus. hinc ille gressu uir piger uersa uice fit nauigandi paenitens.

Martinianus, brother to me in spirit and kinsman by one faith, whom you, escorting him with eloquent letters, had sent to come to us, now barely in possession of his own safety, empty of the writings he lost, but full, as the herald of your love, we have received as your very mouth, and a letter truer than letters, sealed from your heart, since he brought you back to us in a spiritual letter, we have read with mind and ear. Now, both bound to each other, we give right hands in the kiss of sacred peace, and we offer to God the sacrifice of praise and return thanks to Christ, by whose deliverance our guest entered our thresholds safe out of the sea; for he suffered dire things, and yet experienced miracles in his dangers. Setting out from his homeland, for a reason known to you, he had chosen the journey on foot, but, reckoning with himself the long stretches of land, he changed his mind about the road, and preferred the idle nausea of tossing on the waves to the labour of the feet. He set sail from Narbo along the savage road of the sea, trusting a fragile hull. Hence this man, lazy in walking, in turn became repentant of sailing.

2 Cor 3:2 (allusion, medium confidence) · 2 Cor 3:3 (allusion, medium confidence) · Heb 13:15 (allusion, medium confidence) · Rom 16:16 (echo, low confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: In an iambic verse letter to Cytherius, Paulinus reports that Martinianus, whom Cytherius had sent with letters, has arrived after losing them in a shipwreck, having sailed from Narbo.

  • Poem 24 is addressed to Cytherius, a Christian of Gaul, about the shipwreck of Martinianus on his way to Nola. A living letter: 2 Cor 3:2–3. The sacrifice of praise: Heb 13:15.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (stray mark of the digitization): -Narbone → Narbone.

Cite (SBL): Paulinus of Nola, Carm. 24.1 (CSEL 30:206lines 1–30–207; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/paulinus-nola-carmina/24-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Hartel, CSEL 30 (1894) (digital text; corrections logged). No public-domain English translation exists and no FOTC volume covers Paulinus, so each batch was re-read against the Latin.