1 Peter 2 in the early church
569 passages quote, allude to, or echo 1 Peter 2, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25
1 Peter 2:1
Rid yourselves, therefore, of all malice, deceit, hypocrisy, envy, and slander.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:1 | The Instructor 1.6.44 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 2:1 | Commentary on Romans 3.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| 1 Pet 2:1 | Exposition of Psalm 118 13.27.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| 1 Pet 2:1–3 | Sermon 353.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
1 Peter 2:2
Like newborn babies, crave pure spiritual milk, so that by it you may grow up in your salvation,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:2 | The Instructor 1.6.32 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | The Instructor 1.6.35 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | The Instructor 1.6.44 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | The Instructor 3.12.101 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Apostolic Tradition 21 (Latin) · Hippolytus of Rome | echo, low confidence | early third century |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Commentary on John 13.208 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Homily on Isaiah 2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 235–250 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Homilies on Ezekiel 6.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Homilies on Ezekiel 7.10 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Homilies on Joshua 9.9 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Homilies on Numbers 16.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 4.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 0.62 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 1.104 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Against Celsus 4.18 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Commentary on Matthew 12.31 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Commentary on Matthew 13.26 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Commentary on Matthew 13.27 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Commentary on Matthew 16.25 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Commentary on Romans 3.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Canons of Hippolytus, canon 19 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 4th century |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Acts of Crispina 1 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 304 (5 December) |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Homilies 12.13 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | On Cain and Abel 1.19 · Ambrose | echo, low confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.33.1 · Anonymous | allusion, low confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Apostolic Constitutions 5.16.7 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Exposition of Psalm 118 13.27.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Exposition of Psalm 118 15.13.1 · Ambrose | echo, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Letter 25.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Letter 109.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, low confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Homily 14 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Poem 21, lines 816–858 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, low confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Poem 22, lines 64–95 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Letters 4.3 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Letters 23.27 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Confessions 4.1 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, low confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Tractates 8 · Gaudentius of Brescia | allusion, low confidence | ca. 397-410 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 98.6 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Homilies on the First Epistle of John 3.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 407 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 7 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | The Conferences 10.8 · John Cassian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| 1 Pet 2:2 | Part 3, chapter 32 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
1 Peter 2:3
now that you have tasted that the Lord is good.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:3 | The Instructor 1.6.44 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 2:3 | Homily 8 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| 1 Pet 2:3 | Letters 42.2 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
1 Peter 2:4
As you come to Him, the living stone, rejected by men but chosen and precious in God’s sight,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:4–5 | Church History 10.4.21 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| 1 Pet 2:4 | Demonstration of the Gospel 1.7.15 · Eusebius of Caesarea | echo, medium confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| 1 Pet 2:4 | Ancoratus 19.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374 |
| 1 Pet 2:4 | Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 18 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, low confidence | 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:4–5 | Sermon 37.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 2:4–6 | Sermon 337.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 2:4 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 15.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
1 Peter 2:5
you also, like living stones, are being built into a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood, offering spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.
1 Peter 2:6
For it stands in Scripture: “See, I lay in Zion a stone, a chosen and precious cornerstone; and the one who believes in Him will never be put to shame.”
1 Peter 2:7
To you who believe, then, this stone is precious. But to those who do not believe, “The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone,”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:7 | On the Christian Faith 4.5 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 378–380 |
| 1 Pet 2:7 | To Simplicius on Faith, part 1 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380–394 |
| 1 Pet 2:7 | Eleven Tractates 5.88 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 2:7 | Letter 164.16 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 2:7 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 15.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
1 Peter 2:8
and, “A stone of stumbling and a rock of offense.” They stumble because they disobey the word—and to this they were appointed.
1 Peter 2:9
But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, to proclaim the virtues of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:9 | 1 Clement 59.2 · Clement of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Sibylline Oracles 8.481ff. · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 2nd-3rd cent. |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Dialogue with Trypho 116.3 · Justin Martyr | echo, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Dialogue with Trypho 119.3 · Justin Martyr | echo, medium confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | On Pascha 68 · text not on this site · Melito of Sardis | echo, medium confidence | ca. 160-180 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Adumbrations on 1 Peter, paragraph 2 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | original ca. 200; Latin translation 6th century |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | The Instructor 1.6.32 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Exhortation to the Greeks 4.59 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Against Heresies 4.33.14 · Irenaeus of Lyons | echo, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Excerpts from Theodotus 4.1 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 200 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Miscellanies 7.7.35 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Miscellanies 7.7.36 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Miscellanies 7.10.58 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Didascalia 2.26 (Latin) · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | first half of the third century |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Apostolic Tradition 4 · Hippolytus of Rome | echo, low confidence | early third century |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Letters to Virgins 1.9.4 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | 3rd century |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Exhortation to Martyrdom 5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | 235 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Homilies on Ezekiel 12.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Homilies on Joshua 1.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Homilies on Joshua 7.2 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Homilies on Judges 6.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Homilies on Leviticus 4.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Homilies on Leviticus 6.2 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Homilies on Leviticus 9.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Homilies on Leviticus 9.9 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Homilies on Leviticus 13.5 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Homilies on Numbers 4.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Homilies on Numbers 5.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Homilies on Numbers 12.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Against Celsus 4.32 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Against Celsus 5.10 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Against Celsus 5.43 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Commentary on the Apocalypse 1.1 · Victorinus of Pettau | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd century |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Preparation for the Gospel 7.4.6 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Long recension, Ephesians 8 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Long recension, Philadelphians 4 · Anonymous | quotation, medium confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | On the Trinity 12.13 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Letter 223 · Basil of Caesarea | echo, medium confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Homilies on the Psalms 32.7 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Tractates on the Psalms 51.3 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Tractates on the Psalms 51.22 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.14.9 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Oration 4.32 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Oration 5.23 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Oration 6.17 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Oration 12.3 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Oration 13.4 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Oration 14.13 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Oration 42.9 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Oration 43.41 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Commentary on 2 Corinthians 1:21–22 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Commentary on Ephesians 4:11–12 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Letter to Adelphius 4 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Letter 39.4 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Letter 64.4 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Letter 73.9 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.26.1 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.57.14 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:9–10 | Apostolic Constitutions 3.16.3 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:9–10 | Apostolic Constitutions 5.15.1 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Apostolic Constitutions 5.15.2 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Apostolic Constitutions 8.12.4 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Exposition of Psalm 118 2.14.2 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Exposition of Psalm 118 6.34.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Exposition of Psalm 118 12.23.1 · Ambrose | echo, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Letter 24.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | On Fleeing the World 6 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-391 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | On the Mysteries 6 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387–391 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Tractates on Matthew 5.4 · Chromatius of Aquileia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 388–407 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Sermon 351.7 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Against Jovinianus 1.39 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Letters 3.4 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Letters 20.5 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Letters 23.28 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Confessions 13.25 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.89 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Against Secundinus the Manichaean 5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 399 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | On Holy Virginity 41 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 401 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 1.41 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 411–412 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | On the Christian Life 1 · Fastidius | echo, low confidence | ca. 411-430 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | City of God 17.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | City of God 20.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | The Conferences 14.10 · John Cassian | echo, medium confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Commonitorium 4 · Marius Mercator | quotation, high confidence | 429-431 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Commonitorium 14 · Marius Mercator | quotation, high confidence | 429-431 |
| 1 Pet 2:9 | Book 1, chapter 9 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 440-450 |
| 1 Pet 2:9–10 | Book 1, chapter 11 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 440-450 |
| 1 Pet 2:9–10 | Book 1, chapter 15 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 440-450 |
1 Peter 2:10
Once you were not a people, but now you are the people of God; once you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:10 | Exhortation to the Greeks 4.59 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 2:10 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 813 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Pet 2:10 | Oration 22.2 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 2:10 | Letter 225.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 2:10 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.89 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| 1 Pet 2:10 | Objection and reply 8 · Prosper of Aquitaine | quotation, high confidence | ca. 431-432 |
| 1 Pet 2:10 | Chapter 10 · Prosper of Aquitaine | allusion, high confidence | ca. 432-433 |
| 1 Pet 2:10 | Part 3, chapter 35 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
1 Peter 2:11
Beloved, I urge you, as foreigners and exiles, to abstain from the desires of the flesh, which war against your soul.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Didache 1.4 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 50–150 (often ca. 100) |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | To the Philippians 5.3 · Polycarp of Smyrna | allusion, high confidence | ca. 110–135 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | To Diognetus 5.5 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 150–200 (disputed) |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | To Diognetus 6.5 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 150–200 (disputed) |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Miscellanies 3.4.31 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Miscellanies 3.11.75 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Miscellanies 3.14.95 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Miscellanies 4.26.165 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Miscellanies 7.7.44 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, low confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Miscellanies 7.12.77 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Miscellanies 7.12.78 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Apology 1 · Tertullian | echo, low confidence | ca. 197 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Exhortation to Chastity 12 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 208 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Homilies on Numbers 25.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:11–12 | To Quirinus 3.11 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| 1 Pet 2:11–12 | Letter 13.3 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 249/250–258 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | On Mortality 26 · Cyprian of Carthage | echo, medium confidence | 252–253 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Recognitions 9.7 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Oration 43.48 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Tractates 1.12.9 · Zeno of Verona | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362-380 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Question 92, section 2 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Apostolic Constitutions 7.2.4 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Eleven Tractates 4.77 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Sermon 80.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, low confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Sermon 301.9 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Sermon 365.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | The Institutes 4.14 · John Cassian | echo, medium confidence | ca. 419–426 |
| 1 Pet 2:11 | Letter to Valerian, paragraph 20 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 432 |
1 Peter 2:12
Conduct yourselves with such honor among the Gentiles that, though they slander you as evildoers, they may see your good deeds and glorify God on the day He visits us.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:12 | To the Philippians 10.2 · Polycarp of Smyrna | quotation, high confidence | ca. 110–135 |
| 1 Pet 2:12 | The Instructor 3.11.53 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 2:12 | Miscellanies 3.4.31 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:12 | Miscellanies 3.11.75 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:12 | On the Singleness of Clerics 8 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| 1 Pet 2:12 | Letter 296 · Basil of Caesarea | echo, medium confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| 1 Pet 2:12 | Apostolic Constitutions 3.13.1 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:12 | Liber Orsiesii 17 · Orsiesius | echo, low confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| 1 Pet 2:12 | Tractates on Matthew 5.5 · Chromatius of Aquileia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 388–407 |
1 Peter 2:13
Submit yourselves for the Lord’s sake to every human institution, whether to the king as the supreme authority,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:13 | Martyrdom of Polycarp 10.2 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 156–160 |
| 1 Pet 2:13–14 | On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.2.9 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 337–339 |
| 1 Pet 2:13–14 | On Not Sparing Those Who Sin against God 32 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| 1 Pet 2:13–17 | Oration 17.4 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 2:13–14 | Apostolic Constitutions 4.13.1 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:13 | On the Christian Faith 5.13 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 378–380 |
1 Peter 2:14
or to governors as those sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to praise those who do right.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:14 | Martyrdom of Andrew (first Greek martyrdom), chapter 10 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 150-200 (the Acts); the Martyrdom text is later |
| 1 Pet 2:14 | Commentary on Romans 9.25 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
1 Peter 2:15
For it is God’s will that by doing good you should silence the ignorance of foolish men.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:15 | Miscellanies 3.11.75 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:15 | On the Singleness of Clerics 8 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | 3rd cent. (disputed) |
1 Peter 2:16
Live in freedom, but do not use your freedom as a cover-up for evil; live as servants of God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:16 | Against Heresies 4.16.5 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| 1 Pet 2:16 | Against Heresies 4.37.4 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| 1 Pet 2:16 | Miscellanies 3.11.75 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 2:16 | On Faith and Works 45 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| 1 Pet 2:16 | The Conferences 21.34 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
1 Peter 2:17
Treat everyone with high regard: Love the brotherhood of believers, fear God, honor the king.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:17 | To the Philippians 10.1 · Polycarp of Smyrna | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 110–135 |
| 1 Pet 2:17 | Oration to the Greeks 4 · Tatian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 165–172 |
| 1 Pet 2:17 | To Autolycus 1.11 · Theophilus of Antioch | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–185 |
| 1 Pet 2:17 | 37 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–185 |
| 1 Pet 2:17 | Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting 14 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 211–213 |
| 1 Pet 2:17 | Against Celsus 8.68 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| 1 Pet 2:17 | Long recension, Smyrnaeans 9 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| 1 Pet 2:17 | Apostolic Constitutions 7.16.1 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:17 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 6.26 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| 1 Pet 2:17 | Sermon on the Barbarian Time 4 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 437-450 |
1 Peter 2:18
Servants, submit yourselves to your masters with all respect, not only to those who are good and gentle, but even to those who are unreasonable.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:18 | The Instructor 3.11.74 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 2:18 | Apostolic Constitutions 4.12.1 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
1 Peter 2:20
How is it to your credit if you are beaten for doing wrong and you endure it? But if you suffer for doing good and you endure it, this is commendable before God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:20 | Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting 12 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 211–213 |
| 1 Pet 2:20 | On the Complaints of Job and David 3.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
1 Peter 2:21
For to this you were called, because Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example, that you should follow in His footsteps:
1 Peter 2:22
“He committed no sin, and no deceit was found in His mouth.”
1 Peter 2:23
When they heaped abuse on Him, He did not retaliate; when He suffered, He made no threats, but entrusted Himself to Him who judges justly.
1 Peter 2:24
He Himself bore our sins in His body on the tree, so that we might die to sin and live to righteousness. “By His stripes you are healed.”
1 Peter 2:25
For “you were like sheep going astray,” but now you have returned to the Shepherd and Overseer of your souls.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 2:25 | 1 Clement 61.3 · Clement of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| 1 Pet 2:25 | Martyrdom of Polycarp 19.2 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 156–160 |
| 1 Pet 2:25 | Homilies on Joshua 16.2 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 2:25 | Against the Nations 1.64 · Arnobius of Sicca | echo, low confidence | ca. 297–303 |
| 1 Pet 2:25 | On the Opinion of Dionysius 8 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 350–356 |
| 1 Pet 2:25 | Three Letters to Sympronianus 1.7 · Pacian of Barcelona | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| 1 Pet 2:25 | Ancoratus 101.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374 |
| 1 Pet 2:25 | Apostolic Constitutions 8.46.9 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| 1 Pet 2:25 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 1.54 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 411–412 |