Malachi in the early church
[Vulgate: Malachias]
Every passage that quotes, alludes to, or echoes Malachi, in verse order; passages on the same verse are in date order. References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
| Verse | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mal 1:1 | Miscellanies 1.21.122 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Mal 1:2 | On Prayer 5.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Mal 1:3 | On Prayer 5.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Mal 1:6 | On Prayer 22.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Mal 1:10 | Dialogue with Trypho 117.1 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 1:10 | Dialogue with Trypho 28.5 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 1:10 | Dialogue with Trypho 41.2 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 1:10 | Miscellanies 5.14.136 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Mal 1:10 | Against Marcion 3.22 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Mal 1:10 | Against Marcion 4.1 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Mal 1:11 | Didache 14.3 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 50–150 (often ca. 100) |
| Mal 1:11 | Dialogue with Trypho 116.3 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 1:11 | Dialogue with Trypho 117.1 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 1:11 | Dialogue with Trypho 117.5 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 1:11 | Dialogue with Trypho 28.5 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 1:11 | Dialogue with Trypho 41.2 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 1:11 | Dialogue with Trypho 41.3 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 1:11 | Miscellanies 5.14.136 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Mal 1:11 | Against Marcion 3.22 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Mal 1:11 | Against Marcion 4.1 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Mal 1:11 | On Prayer 31.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Mal 1:11 | Against Celsus 1.27 · Origen | echo, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mal 1:12 | Dialogue with Trypho 117.1 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 1:12 | Dialogue with Trypho 28.5 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 1:12 | Dialogue with Trypho 41.2 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 1:14 | Didache 14.3 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 50–150 (often ca. 100) |
| Mal 1:14 | Miscellanies 5.14.136 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Mal 2:15 | Against Marcion 4.34 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Mal 2:17 | Miscellanies 3.4.39 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Mal 3:1 | 1 Clement 23.5 · Clement of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| Mal 3:1 | Against Marcion 4.18 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Mal 3:1 | Against Celsus 2.4 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mal 3:2 | To Diognetus 7.6 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 150–200 (disputed) |
| Mal 3:2 | On Prayer 29.15 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Mal 3:2 | Against Celsus 4.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mal 3:2 | Against Celsus 5.15 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mal 3:2–3 | Against Celsus 6.25 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mal 3:3 | Against Celsus 4.13 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mal 3:6 | On the Trinity 4 · Novatian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–250 |
| Mal 3:6 | Against Celsus 1.21 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mal 3:6 | Against Celsus 4.14 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mal 3:6 | Against Celsus 6.62 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mal 3:8 | Oration to the Greeks 10 · Tatian | echo, low confidence | ca. 165–172 |
| Mal 3:15 | Miscellanies 3.4.38 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Mal 3:16 | 1 Clement 45.8 · Clement of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| Mal 4:1 (3:19 LXX) | 2 Clement 16.3 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| Mal 4:1 (3:19 LXX) | To Autolycus 2.38 · Theophilus of Antioch | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–185 |
| Mal 4:1 | Against Marcion 4.30 · Tertullian | echo, low confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Mal 4:2 (3:20 LXX) | The Instructor 1.5.14 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Mal 4:2 (3:20 LXX) | Exhortation to the Greeks 11.114 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Mal 4:2 | On Prayer 32.1 · Origen | echo, low confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Mal 4:2 (3:20 LXX) | Against Celsus 6.54 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mal 4:2 (3:20 LXX) | Against Celsus 6.79 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mal 4:2 (3:20 LXX) | Against Celsus 7.22 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mal 4:2 (3:20 LXX) | Against Celsus 7.31 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Mal 4:2 | On the Lord's Prayer 35 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 252 |
| Mal 4:5 (3:22 LXX) | Dialogue with Trypho 49.1 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 4:5 (3:22 LXX) | Dialogue with Trypho 49.2 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Mal 4:5 (3:22 LXX) | Dialogue with Trypho 8.4 · Justin Martyr | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 155–160 |