Galatians 2 in the early church
470 passages quote, allude to, or echo Galatians 2, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21
Galatians 2:1
Fourteen years later I went up again to Jerusalem, accompanied by Barnabas. I took Titus along also.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:1–2 | Against Heresies 3.13.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Gal 2:1 | Against Marcion 5.3 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Gal 2:1–10 | On Rebaptism 17 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 250–258 (disputed) |
| Gal 2:1 | Church History 1.12.1 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| Gal 2:1 | Commentary on Galatians 0 · Marius Victorinus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:1 | Commentary on Galatians 1.13 · Marius Victorinus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:1 | Commentary on Galatians 1.24 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:1–2 | Commentary on Galatians 2:1–2 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:1–2 | Letter 53.2 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:1 | Letter 112.8 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:1 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 28.4.1 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Gal 2:1 | On the Duties of the Clergy 2.20 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Gal 2:1 | Letter 75.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:1–9 | Sermon 101.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Gal 2:1 | Against Jovinianus 1.39 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
Galatians 2:2
I went in response to a revelation and set before them the gospel that I preach among the Gentiles. But I spoke privately to those recognized as leaders, for fear that I was running or had already run in vain.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:2 | Against Marcion 1.20 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Gal 2:2 | Against Marcion 4.2 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Gal 2:2 | Commentary on Romans 1.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Gal 2:2 | Acta Archelai (Latin) 53 · Hegemonius | echo, low confidence | early to mid 4th century (Greek original) |
| Gal 2:2 | Commentary on Galatians 1.13 · Marius Victorinus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:2 | Commentary on Galatians 2.2 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:2 | Oration 42.1 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Gal 2:2 | Letter 96.6 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:2 | Letter 112.8 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:2 | Letter 116.11 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:2 | Letter 75.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:2 | Letter 82.11 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:2 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 28.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gal 2:2 | Apology against Rufinus 3.2 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 401–402 |
| Gal 2:2 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 109.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Gal 2:2 | The Conferences 2.15 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| Gal 2:2 | The Conferences 16.12 · John Cassian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Galatians 2:3
Yet not even Titus, who was with me, was compelled to be circumcised, even though he was a Greek.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:3 | Against Marcion 5.3 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Gal 2:3 | Commentary on Galatians 2.3 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:3 | Commentary on Galatians 2.4 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:3 | Commentary on Galatians 2:3 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:3 | Letter 116.12 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:3 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 28.4.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Gal 2:3 | Letter 82.12 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:3 | On Lying 8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 395 |
Galatians 2:4
This issue arose because some false brothers had come in under false pretenses to spy on our freedom in Christ Jesus, in order to enslave us.
Galatians 2:5
We did not give in to them for a moment, so that the truth of the gospel would remain with you.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:5 | Against Heresies 3.13.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Gal 2:5 | Against Marcion 5.3 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Gal 2:5 | Long recension, Tarsians 2 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| Gal 2:5 | Commentary on Galatians 2.4 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:5 | Letter 116.12 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:5 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 28.4.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Gal 2:5 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 28.4.3 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Gal 2:5 | Letter 82.12 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:5 | On Lying 8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 395 |
Galatians 2:6
But as for the highly esteemed—whatever they were makes no difference to me; God does not show favoritism—those leaders added nothing to me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:6 | Letter 244 · Basil of Caesarea | echo, medium confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Gal 2:6 | On the Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia 1 · Athanasius of Alexandria | echo, low confidence | 359 (additions 361) |
| Gal 2:6 | Commentary on Galatians 2.6 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:6 | Commentary on Galatians 2:6 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:6 | Book of Heresies 150.3 · Philastrius of Brescia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380s |
Galatians 2:7
On the contrary, they saw that I had been entrusted to preach the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as Peter had been to the circumcised.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:7 | Martyrdom of Andrew (first Greek martyrdom), chapter 2 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 150-200 (the Acts); the Martyrdom text is later |
| Gal 2:7 | Commentary on Galatians 1.13 · Marius Victorinus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:7 | Commentary on Galatians 2.7 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:7–8 | Commentary on Galatians 2:7–8 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:7–9 | Commentary on Isaiah 54:1-3 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 408-410 |
| Gal 2:7–8 | City of God 15.26 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | 413–426 |
Galatians 2:8
For the One who was at work in Peter’s apostleship to the circumcised was also at work in my apostleship to the Gentiles.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:8 | Against Heresies 3.13.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Gal 2:8–9 | On the Holy Spirit 23 · Didymus the Blind | quotation, high confidence | Greek ca. 360-390; Latin 387-391 |
| Gal 2:8 | Commentary on Galatians 1.13 · Marius Victorinus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:8 | Commentary on Galatians 2.7 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:8 | Homilies on Matthew 69.1 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Gal 2:8 | Sermon 97 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Galatians 2:9
And recognizing the grace that I had been given, James, Cephas, and John—those reputed to be pillars—gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, so that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcised.
Galatians 2:10
They only asked us to remember the poor, the very thing I was eager to do.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:10 | Against Marcion 5.3 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Gal 2:10 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 60 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Gal 2:10 | Commentary on Matthew 16.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Gal 2:10 | Demonstration 20.16 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Gal 2:10 | Tractates on the Psalms 122.13 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Gal 2:10 | Commentary on Galatians 2.10 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:10 | Commentary on Galatians 2.11 · Marius Victorinus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:10 | Commentary on Galatians 3.10 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:10 | Commentary on 2 Corinthians 8:20 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:10 | Commentary on Romans 12:13 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:10 | Letter 79.7 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:10 | Letter 120.1 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:10 | Letters 34.2 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Gal 2:10 | Commentary on Jeremiah 4.27 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Gal 2:10 | The Institutes 7.17 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 419–426 |
Galatians 2:11
When Cephas came to Antioch, however, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned.
Galatians 2:12
For before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself, for fear of those in the circumcision group.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:12 | Dialogue with Trypho 47.3 · Justin Martyr | echo, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Gal 2:12–13 | Against Heresies 3.12.15 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Gal 2:12 | Prescription against Heretics 23 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 203 |
| Gal 2:12 | Against Marcion 4.3 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Gal 2:12–13 | Against Celsus 2.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Gal 2:12 | Commentary on Galatians 1.13 · Marius Victorinus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:12 | Commentary on Galatians 2.11 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:12 | Letter 67.5 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:12 | Letter 112.8 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:12 | Letter 112.9 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:12 | Letter 116.11 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:12 | Letter 40.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:12 | Letter 75.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:12 | Letter 82.11 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:12 | On Lying 8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 395 |
Galatians 2:13
The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:13 | Commentary on Galatians 2.11 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:13 | Letter 112.4 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:13 | Letter 112.8 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:13 | Letter 116.4 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:13 | Letter 127.11 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:13 | On Lying 8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 395 |
| Gal 2:13 | Against Lying 26 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 420 |
Galatians 2:14
When I saw that they were not walking in line with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas in front of them all, “If you, who are a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you compel the Gentiles to live like Jews?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:14 | To the Magnesians 10.3 · Ignatius of Antioch | echo, medium confidence | ca. 110 (range ca. 105–135) |
| Gal 2:14 | Dialogue with Trypho 47.1 · Justin Martyr | echo, medium confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Gal 2:14 | Dialogue with Trypho 47.3 · Justin Martyr | echo, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Gal 2:14 | Against Marcion 1.20 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Gal 2:14 | Against Marcion 4.3 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Gal 2:14 | Against Marcion 5.3 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Gal 2:14 | Commentary on John 32.63 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Gal 2:14 | Commentary on Matthew 16.24 · Origen | echo, low confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 250 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Gal 2:14 | Commentary on Galatians 2.11 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:14 | Commentary on Galatians 2:14 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:14 | Commentary on Galatians 6:13 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 67.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 67.5 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 112.8 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 112.12 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 116.4 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 116.7 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 116.8 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 116.10 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 116.15 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 116.22 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 116.24 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 28.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 40.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 40.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 75.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 75.12 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 82.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 82.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 82.8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 82.10 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 82.15 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 82.22 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 93.31 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 93.38 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 180.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | Letter 196.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:14 | On Lying 8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 395 |
| Gal 2:14 | On Lying 43 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 395 |
| Gal 2:14 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.68 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gal 2:14 | On Baptism, against the Donatists 2.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400–401 |
| Gal 2:14 | On Baptism, against the Donatists 4.8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 400–401 |
| Gal 2:14 | On Baptism, against the Donatists 4.17 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 400–401 |
| Gal 2:14 | On Baptism, against the Donatists 6.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 400–401 |
| Gal 2:14 | Against Lying 26 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420 |
Galatians 2:15
We who are Jews by birth and not Gentile “sinners”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:15 | Commentary on Romans 4.10 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Gal 2:15 | Commentary on Galatians 2.15 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:15–16 | Commentary on Galatians 2:15–16 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:15 | Question 81, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Gal 2:15 | Letter 196.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:15 | On the Spirit and the Letter 50 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 412 |
Galatians 2:16
know that a man is not justified by works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have believed in Christ Jesus, that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by works of the law, because by works of the law no one will be justified.
Galatians 2:17
But if, while we seek to be justified in Christ, we ourselves are found to be sinners, does that make Christ a minister of sin? Certainly not!
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:17 | Commentary on Galatians 1.13 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:17 | Commentary on Galatians 2.17 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:17 | Commentary on Galatians 2:17 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
Galatians 2:18
If I rebuild what I have already torn down, I prove myself to be a lawbreaker.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:18 | Against Marcion 5.3 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Gal 2:18 | Homilies on Exodus 7.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gal 2:18 | Acta Archelai (Latin) 15 · Hegemonius | quotation, high confidence | early to mid 4th century (Greek original) |
| Gal 2:18 | Acta Archelai (Latin) 45 · Hegemonius | quotation, high confidence | early to mid 4th century (Greek original) |
| Gal 2:18 | On the Witch of Endor 2 · Eustathius of Antioch | echo, low confidence | ca. 324–337 |
| Gal 2:18 | Letter 42 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Gal 2:18 | Commentary on Galatians 2.18 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:18 | Commentary on 2 Corinthians 1:18 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:18–19 | Commentary on Galatians 2:18 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:18 | Commentary on Romans 2:25 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:18 | Petition to the Emperors (Libellus precum) 18 · Faustinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383–384 |
| Gal 2:18 | Letter 93.52 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:18 | Letters 1.4 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Gal 2:18 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 11.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gal 2:18 | Against the Letter of Parmenian 1.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400 |
| Gal 2:18 | The Institutes 4.36 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 419–426 |
| Gal 2:18 | The Conferences 17.20 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| Gal 2:18 | Letter to John of Antioch · Eutherius of Tyana | quotation, high confidence | ca. 431-433 |
Galatians 2:19
For through the law I died to the law so that I might live to God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:19 | Martyrdom of Paul 5 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 150–200 |
| Gal 2:19 | Oration to the Greeks 11 · Tatian | echo, medium confidence | ca. 165–172 |
| Gal 2:19 | Prophetic Extracts 14.1 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 200 |
| Gal 2:19 | Miscellanies 3.18.106 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Gal 2:19–20 | Commentary on John 10.230 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Gal 2:19 | Commentary on John 20.92 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Gal 2:19 | Homilies on Joshua 5.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gal 2:19 | Homilies on Numbers 7.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gal 2:19 | Commentary on Matthew 12.24 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Gal 2:19 | Commentary on Matthew 12.25 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Gal 2:19 | Commentary on Matthew 12.27 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Gal 2:19 | Commentary on Matthew 17.35 · Origen | echo, low confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Gal 2:19 | Commentary on Romans 7.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Gal 2:19 | Letter 43 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Gal 2:19 | Tractates on the Psalms 138.42 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Gal 2:19 | Commentary on Galatians 2.19 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:19 | Oration 45.22 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Gal 2:19 | Homilies 13.6 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Gal 2:19 | On Virginity 24 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–371 |
| Gal 2:19–20 | Homily 6 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 379–394 |
| Gal 2:19 | Life of Macrina, part 8 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Gal 2:19–20 | Homily 15 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| Gal 2:19 | Letters 20.6 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Gal 2:19 | Letters 45.4 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Gal 2:19 | The Conferences 17.20 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| Gal 2:19 | The Conferences 21.9 · John Cassian | echo, medium confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Galatians 2:20
I have been crucified with Christ, and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself up for me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gal 2:20 | Miscellanies 3.18.106 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Gal 2:20 | On First Principles 4.4.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Gal 2:20 | PG 12:1305 (Ps 32 LXX) · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gal 2:20 | PG 12:1521 (Ps 71–72 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on John 1.23 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on John 10.45 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on John 13.351 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on John 20.93 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Gal 2:20 | Homily on Luke 15 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Gal 2:20 | Homily on Luke 22 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Gal 2:20 | Exhortation to Martyrdom 12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | 235 |
| Gal 2:20 | Homilies on Joshua 5.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gal 2:20 | Homilies on Judges 2.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gal 2:20 | Homilies on Leviticus 7.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gal 2:20 | Homilies on Numbers 7.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gal 2:20 | Homilies on Numbers 24.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gal 2:20 | Against Celsus 2.69 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 33 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on Matthew 12.25 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on Matthew 13.8 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on Romans 4.12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on Romans 5.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on Romans 6.9 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on Romans 7.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Gal 2:20 | Twelve Chapters on the Faith 8 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | echo, low confidence | 4th–5th century (disputed) |
| Gal 2:20 | Long recension, Romans 5 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| Gal 2:20 | That One Must Die for the Son of God 9 · Lucifer of Cagliari | echo, low confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| Gal 2:20 | Homilies on the Psalms 7.2 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| Gal 2:20 | On the Holy Spirit 24 · Didymus the Blind | quotation, high confidence | Greek ca. 360-390; Latin 387-391 |
| Gal 2:20 | Tractates on the Psalms 60.2 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Gal 2:20 | Tractates on the Psalms 64.11 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Gal 2:20 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.8.5 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Gal 2:20 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.12.12 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Gal 2:20 | Tractates on the Psalms 138.37 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on Galatians 2.20 · Marius Victorinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| Gal 2:20 | Oration 1.4 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Gal 2:20 | Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Gal 2:20 | Oration 14.21 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Gal 2:20 | Oration 32.12 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Gal 2:20 | Oration 38.15 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Gal 2:20 | Oration 43.48 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Gal 2:20 | Homilies 4.2 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on Galatians 2:18 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:20–21 | Commentary on Galatians 2:20 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Gal 2:20 | Letter 22.17 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:20 | Letter 121.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:20 | Letter 121.8 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gal 2:20 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 38.7.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis | echo, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Gal 2:20 | On Paradise 45 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Gal 2:20 | On Paradise 76 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Gal 2:20 | On the Beatitudes 1247 · Gregory of Nyssa | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–394 |
| Gal 2:20 | Eleven Tractates 6.98 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Gal 2:20 | Exposition of Psalm 118 11.4.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Gal 2:20 | Exposition of Psalm 118 14.37.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Gal 2:20 | Letter 93.7 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:20 | Letter 94.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Gal 2:20 | On Fleeing the World 2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-391 |
| Gal 2:20 | On Fleeing the World 44 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-391 |
| Gal 2:20 | Hexameron (Exameron) 4.32 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Gal 2:20 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.9.4 · Ambrose | echo, low confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Gal 2:20 | Homily 3 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| Gal 2:20 | Homily 7 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| Gal 2:20 | Sermon 52.12 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Gal 2:20 | Sermon 194.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Gal 2:20 | Sermon 301.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Gal 2:20 | Sermon 330.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Gal 2:20 | Sermon 337.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Gal 2:20 | Sermon 345.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Gal 2:20 | Poem 27, lines 288–319 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Gal 2:20 | Letters 23.18 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Gal 2:20 | Letters 38.6 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Gal 2:20 | Letters 45.4 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Gal 2:20 | On Continence 29 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 395 |
| Gal 2:20 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 16.17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gal 2:20 | On the Trinity 2.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Gal 2:20 | On the Trinity 13.11 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Gal 2:20 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 10.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 401–415 |
| Gal 2:20 | On Holy Virginity 41 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 401 |
| Gal 2:20 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 14.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Gal 2:20 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 22.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Gal 2:20 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 62.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Gal 2:20 | Homilies on the First Epistle of John 7.7 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 407 |
| Gal 2:20 | Commentary on Jeremiah 3.22 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Gal 2:20 | On the Grace of Christ and On Original Sin 1.24 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 418 |
| Gal 2:20 | The Institutes 1.4 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 419–426 |
| Gal 2:20 | The Institutes 4.34 · John Cassian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 419–426 |
| Gal 2:20 | Sermon 91 · Peter Chrysologus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Gal 2:20 | Sermon 116 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Gal 2:20 | The Conferences 24.23 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Galatians 2:21
I do not set aside the grace of God. For if righteousness comes through the law, then Christ died for nothing.