John 20 in the early church
694 passages quote, allude to, or echo John 20, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31
John 20:1
Early on the first day of the week, while it was still dark, Mary Magdalene went to the tomb and saw that the stone had been removed from the entrance.
John 20:2
So she came running to Simon Peter and the other disciple, the one whom Jesus loved. “They have taken the Lord out of the tomb,” she said, “and we do not know where they have put Him!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:2 | Demonstration 20.10 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
| John 20:2–8 | Letter 120.6 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| John 20:2 | Sermon 244.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 20:2 | Sermon 245.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 20:2 | Sermon 246.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 20:2–4 | Against Jovinianus 1.26 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
| John 20:2 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:2 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.69 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
John 20:3
Then Peter and the other disciple set out for the tomb.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:3 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:3 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.69 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:3 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.70 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:3–4 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 120.7 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 20:4
The two were running together, but the other disciple outran Peter and reached the tomb first.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:4 | Catechetical Lecture 13.35 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| John 20:4 | On the Trinity 6.43 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| John 20:4 | Oration 45.22 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| John 20:4 | Letters 21.2 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| John 20:4 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
John 20:5
He bent down and looked in at the linen cloths lying there, but he did not go in.
John 20:6
Simon Peter arrived just after him. He entered the tomb and saw the linen cloths lying there.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:6 | Divine Institutes 4.19.7 · Lactantius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| John 20:6 | Epitome of the Divine Institutes 42.1 · Lactantius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–320 |
| John 20:6 | Catechetical Lecture 14.22 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| John 20:6 | Oration 45.22 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| John 20:6 | Ancoratus 62.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374 |
| John 20:6 | Homilies on Matthew 65.3 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| John 20:6 | Sermon 246.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 20:6 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:6 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.69 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
John 20:7
The cloth that had been around Jesus’ head was rolled up, lying separate from the linen cloths.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:7 | Letter 46.5 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| John 20:7 | Theological Oration 3 (Or. 29), On the Son 19 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | 380 |
| John 20:7 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.60 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:7 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:7 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.69 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
John 20:8
Then the other disciple, who had reached the tomb first, also went in. And he saw and believed.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:8 | Apology of the Prophet David 40 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 384-390 |
| John 20:8 | Sermon 244.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 20:8 | Sermon 245.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 20:8 | Sermon 246.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 20:8 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:8 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.69 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:8 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.70 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:8–9 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 120.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 20:9
For they still did not understand from the Scripture that Jesus had to rise from the dead.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:9 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 33.11.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| John 20:9 | Sermon 244.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 20:9 | Sermon 245.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 20:9 | Sermon 246.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 20:9 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:9 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.69 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
John 20:10
Then the disciples returned to their homes.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:10 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:10 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.69 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:10–13 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 121.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 20:11
But Mary stood outside the tomb weeping. And as she wept, she bent down to look into the tomb,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:11 | Testament of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste 1 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 320 |
| John 20:11 | Letter 120.4 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| John 20:11–16 | Letter 120.5 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| John 20:11 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 45.24.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| John 20:11 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:11 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.69 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
John 20:12
and she saw two angels in white sitting where the body of Jesus had lain, one at the head and the other at the feet.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:12 | Against Celsus 5.52 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| John 20:12 | Against Celsus 5.56 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| John 20:12 | Catechetical Lecture 13.35 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| John 20:12 | Catechetical Lecture 14.12 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| John 20:12 | Letter 46.5 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| John 20:12 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:12 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.69 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
John 20:13
“Woman, why are you weeping?” they asked. “Because they have taken my Lord away,” she said, “and I do not know where they have put Him.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:13 | Demonstration 20.10 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| John 20:13 | Catechetical Lecture 14.12 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| John 20:13 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:13 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.69 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:13 | Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 30 · Rufinus of Aquileia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 404 |
| John 20:13 | City of God 14.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
| John 20:13 | On Marriage and Concupiscence 1.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 419–421 |
| John 20:13 | The Conferences 10.3 · John Cassian | echo, low confidence | ca. 426–429 |
John 20:14
When she had said this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there. But she did not recognize that it was Jesus.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:14 | Against Celsus 2.55 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| John 20:14 | Against Celsus 2.59 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| John 20:14 | Letter 121.15 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| John 20:14 | Letters 50.15 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| John 20:14 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:14 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.69 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:14–16 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 121.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 20:15
“Woman, why are you weeping?” Jesus asked. “Whom are you seeking?” Thinking He was the gardener, she said, “Sir, if you have carried Him off, tell me where you have put Him, and I will get Him.”
John 20:16
Jesus said to her, “Mary.” She turned and said to Him in Hebrew, “Rabboni!” (which means “Teacher”).
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:16 | Commentary on the Song of Songs, fragment 12 (Song 3:1) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| John 20:16 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 45.24.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| John 20:16 | Sermon 244.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 20:16 | Sermon 246.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 20:16 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:16 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.69 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:16 | Letters 2 · Capreolus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | 431-433 |
John 20:17
“Do not cling to Me,” Jesus said, “for I have not yet ascended to the Father. But go and tell My brothers, ‘I am ascending to My Father and your Father, to My God and your God.’”
John 20:18
Mary Magdalene went and announced to the disciples, “I have seen the Lord!” And she told them what He had said to her.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:18 | Commentary on John 13.179 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| John 20:18 | Against Arius 3.15 · Marius Victorinus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–362 |
| John 20:18 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 40.15.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| John 20:18 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.68 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:18 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.69 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:18–23 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 121.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 20:19
It was the first day of the week, and that very evening, while the disciples were together with the doors locked for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood among them. “Peace be with you!” He said to them.
John 20:20
After He had said this, He showed them His hands and His side. The disciples rejoiced when they saw the Lord.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:20 | Against Heresies 5.7.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| John 20:20 | Against Celsus 2.59 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| John 20:20 | Against Arius 3.15 · Marius Victorinus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–362 |
| John 20:20 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.74 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
John 20:21
Again Jesus said to them, “Peace be with you. As the Father has sent Me, so also I am sending you.”
John 20:22
When He had said this, He breathed on them and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit.
John 20:23
If you forgive anyone his sins, they are forgiven; if you withhold forgiveness from anyone, it is withheld.”
John 20:24
Now Thomas called Didymus, one of the Twelve, was not with the disciples when Jesus came.
John 20:25
So the other disciples told him, “We have seen the Lord!” But he replied, “Unless I see the nail marks in His hands, and put my finger where the nails have been, and put my hand into His side, I will never believe.”
John 20:26
Eight days later, His disciples were once again inside with the doors locked, and Thomas was with them. Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you.”
John 20:27
Then Jesus said to Thomas, “Put your finger here and look at My hands. Reach out your hand and put it into My side. Stop doubting and believe.”
John 20:28
Thomas replied, “My Lord and my God!”
John 20:29
Jesus said to him, “Because you have seen Me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.”
John 20:30
Jesus performed many other signs in the presence of His disciples, which are not written in this book.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:30 | On the Trinity 2 · Faustinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–384 |
| John 20:30 | Sermon 240.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 20:30–31 | Tractates 3 · Gaudentius of Brescia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397-410 |
| John 20:30 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.78 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:30 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.84 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 20:30 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 49.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| John 20:30–31 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 122.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 20:31
But these are written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in His name.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 20:31 | Against Heresies 3.16.5 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| John 20:31 | Against Praxeas 25 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 213 or later |
| John 20:31 | Commentary on John 19.151 · Origen | echo, medium confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| John 20:31 | On the Trinity 6.41 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| John 20:31 | Question 91, section 6 · Ambrosiaster | echo, low confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| John 20:31 | On the Trinity 2 · Faustinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–384 |