John 19 in the early church
726 passages quote, allude to, or echo John 19, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42
John 19:1
Then Pilate took Jesus and had Him flogged.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:1 | On Pascha 93 · text not on this site · Melito of Sardis | echo, low confidence | ca. 160-180 |
| John 19:1 | Against Noetus 18 · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 200–230 |
| John 19:1 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.215 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| John 19:1 | Epitome of the Divine Institutes 40.8 · Lactantius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–320 |
| John 19:1 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.35 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:1 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.36 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:1 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.46 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:1–3 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 116.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 19:2
The soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns, set it on His head, and dressed Him in a purple robe.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:2 | On Pascha 79 · text not on this site · Melito of Sardis | echo, low confidence | ca. 160-180 |
| John 19:2 | The Instructor 2.8.73 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| John 19:2 | Homily on the Paralytic 6 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, high confidence | ca. 350-387 |
| John 19:2 | Long recension, Trallians 11 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| John 19:2 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 61.25.3 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| John 19:2 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.35 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:2 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.36 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:2 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 17.15 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 19:3
And they went up to Him again and again, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and slapping Him in the face.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:3 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.35 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:3 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.36 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
John 19:4
Once again Pilate came out and said to the Jews, “Look, I am bringing Him out to you to let you know that I find no basis for a charge against Him.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:4 | Commentary on 1 Corinthians 2:8 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| John 19:4 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.35 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:4 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.46 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:4–5 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 116.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 19:5
When Jesus came out wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe, Pilate said to them, “Here is the man!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:5 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.35 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:5 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.46 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
John 19:6
As soon as the chief priests and officers saw Him, they shouted, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!” “You take Him and crucify Him,” Pilate replied, “for I find no basis for a charge against Him.”
John 19:7
“We have a law,” answered the Jews, “and according to that law He must die, because He declared Himself to be the Son of God.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:7 | Commentary on John 28.234 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| John 19:7 | Homilies on Numbers 14.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| John 19:7 | Commentary on Romans 6.12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| John 19:7 | On the Trinity 6.50 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| John 19:7 | Question 97, section 5 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| John 19:7 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.35 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:7 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.46 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:7 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 116.7 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 19:8
When Pilate heard this statement, he was even more afraid,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:8 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.35 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:8 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.46 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:8–9 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 116.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 19:9
and he went back into the Praetorium. “Where are You from?” he asked. But Jesus gave no answer.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:9 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.35 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:9 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.46 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
John 19:10
So Pilate said to Him, “Do You refuse to speak to me? Do You not know that I have authority to release You and authority to crucify You?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:10 | Exposition of Psalm 118 20.38.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| John 19:10–11 | Tractates 12 · Gaudentius of Brescia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397-410 |
| John 19:10 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.35 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:10 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.46 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:10–11 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 116.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 19:11
Jesus answered, “You would have no authority over Me if it were not given to you from above. Therefore the one who handed Me over to you is guilty of greater sin.”
John 19:12
From then on, Pilate tried to release Him, but the Jews kept shouting, “If you release this man, you are no friend of Caesar. Anyone who declares himself a king is defying Caesar.”
John 19:13
When Pilate heard these words, he brought Jesus out and sat on the judgment seat at a place called the Stone Pavement, which in Hebrew is Gabbatha.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:13 | Gospel of Peter (Akhmim fragment) 6 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 100–200 |
| John 19:13 | First Apology 35 · Justin Martyr | echo, low confidence | ca. 150–155 |
| John 19:13–14 | Fragment 5 · Peter of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 300–311 |
| John 19:13 | Homily on the Paralytic 6 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, high confidence | ca. 350-387 |
| John 19:13 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.35 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:13 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.40 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:13 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.46 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:13–14 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 65–66 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
| John 19:13–15 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 116.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 19:14
It was the day of Preparation for the Passover, about the sixth hour. And Pilate said to the Jews, “Here is your King!”
John 19:15
At this, they shouted, “Away with Him! Away with Him! Crucify Him!” “Shall I crucify your King?” Pilate asked. “We have no king but Caesar,” replied the chief priests.
John 19:16
Then Pilate handed Jesus over to be crucified, and the soldiers took Him away.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:16 | Commentary on Matthew 12.24 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| John 19:16 | Divine Institutes 4.18.6 · Lactantius | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| John 19:16 | Question 65, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| John 19:16 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.35 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:16 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.37 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:16 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.40 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:16 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.46 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:16–17 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 117.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 19:17
Carrying His own cross, He went out to The Place of the Skull, which in Hebrew is called Golgotha.
John 19:18
There they crucified Him, and with Him two others, one on each side, with Jesus in the middle.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:18 | Commentary on Matthew 12.24 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| John 19:18 | Sermon 37.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 19:18 | Sermon 218.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 19:18 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.37 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:18 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.51 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:18 | Part 3, chapter 22 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
John 19:19
Pilate also had a notice posted on the cross. It read: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.
John 19:20
Many of the Jews read this sign, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:20 | Commentary on Daniel 4.60 · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-204 |
| John 19:20 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 118 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| John 19:20 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 130 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| John 19:20 | Prophetic Extracts 2.14 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| John 19:20 | Letter 60.4 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| John 19:20 | Letter 96.9 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| John 19:20 | Eleven Tractates 1.31 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| John 19:20 | Sermon 218.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
John 19:21
So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but only that He said, ‘I am the King of the Jews.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:21 | Letter 96.9 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| John 19:21 | Homilies on Matthew 84.2 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| John 19:21 | Homilies on Matthew 85.2 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| John 19:21–22 | Homilies on Matthew 87.4 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| John 19:21 | Sermon 218.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 19:21–22 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 117.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 19:22
Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:22 | Oration 40.44 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| John 19:22 | Letter 96.9 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| John 19:22 | Sermon 201.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 19:22 | Sermon 218.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 19:22 | The Harmony of the Gospels 1.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
John 19:23
When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they divided His garments into four parts, one for each soldier, with the tunic remaining. It was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom.
John 19:24
So they said to one another, “Let us not tear it. Instead, let us cast lots to see who will get it.” This was to fulfill the Scripture: “They divided My garments among them, and cast lots for My clothing.” So that is what the soldiers did.
John 19:25
Near the cross of Jesus stood His mother and her sister, as well as Mary the wife of Clopas and Mary Magdalene.
John 19:26
When Jesus saw His mother and the disciple whom He loved standing nearby, He said to His mother, “Woman, here is your son.”
John 19:27
Then He said to the disciple, “Here is your mother.” So from that hour, this disciple took her into his home.
John 19:28
After this, knowing that everything had now been accomplished, and to fulfill the Scripture, Jesus said, “I am thirsty.”
John 19:29
A jar of sour wine was sitting there. So they soaked a sponge in the wine, put it on a stalk of hyssop, and lifted it to His mouth.
John 19:30
When Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished.” And bowing His head, He yielded up His spirit.
John 19:31
It was the day of Preparation, and the next day was a High Sabbath. In order that the bodies would not remain on the cross during the Sabbath, the Jews asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies removed.
John 19:32
So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first man who had been crucified with Jesus, and those of the other.
John 19:33
But when they came to Jesus and saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:33 | Against Celsus 2.16 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| John 19:33 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 140 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| John 19:33 | Divine Institutes 4.26.32 · Lactantius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| John 19:33 | Oration 45.15 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| John 19:33 | Sermon 218.13 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| John 19:33 | On the Trinity 4.13 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| John 19:33 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 31.6 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| John 19:33–34 | Book 5, lines 276–300 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| John 19:33–34 | Book 5, section 24 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| John 19:33–36 | Part 3, chapter 25 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
John 19:34
Instead, one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water flowed out.
John 19:35
The one who saw it has testified to this, and his testimony is true. He knows that he is telling the truth, so that you also may believe.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:35 | Against Celsus 2.36 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| John 19:35–37 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 120.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 19:36
Now these things happened so that the Scripture would be fulfilled: “Not one of His bones will be broken.”
John 19:37
And, as another Scripture says: “They will look on the One they have pierced.”
John 19:38
Afterward, Joseph of Arimathea, who was a disciple of Jesus (but secretly for fear of the Jews), asked Pilate to let him remove the body of Jesus. Pilate gave him permission, so he came and removed His body.
John 19:39
Nicodemus, who had previously come to Jesus at night, also brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds.
John 19:40
So they took the body of Jesus and wrapped it in linen cloths with the spices, according to the Jewish burial custom.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:40 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.60 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| John 19:40 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 55.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
John 19:41
Now there was a garden in the place where Jesus was crucified, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid.
John 19:42
And because it was the Jewish day of Preparation and the tomb was nearby, they placed Jesus there.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 19:42 | Book of Rules 5 · Tyconius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| John 19:42 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.60 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |