Luke 23 in the early church
596 passages quote, allude to, or echo Luke 23, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55 · 56
Luke 23:1
Then the whole council rose and led Jesus away to Pilate.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:1 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.27 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:2
And they began to accuse Him, saying, “We found this man subverting our nation, forbidding payment of taxes to Caesar, and proclaiming Himself to be Christ, a King.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:2–3 | Against Marcion 4.42 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Luke 23:2 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 16 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Luke 23:2 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 23:2 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.17 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 23:2 | Apostolic Constitutions 5.14.10 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Luke 23:2 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 23:2 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.35 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 23:2 | Book 5, section 11 · Sedulius | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Luke 23:3
So Pilate asked Him, “Are You the King of the Jews?” “You have said so,” Jesus replied.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:3 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:4
Then Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, “I find no basis for a charge against this man.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:4 | Divine Institutes 4.18.5 · Lactantius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| Luke 23:4 | Catechetical Lecture 13.2 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Luke 23:4 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.65 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Luke 23:4 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:5
But they kept insisting, “He stirs up the people all over Judea with His teaching. He began in Galilee and has come all the way here.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:5 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:6
When Pilate heard this, he asked if the man was a Galilean.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:6 | Catechetical Lecture 13.14 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Luke 23:6 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:7
And learning that Jesus was under Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent Him to Herod, who himself was in Jerusalem at that time.
Luke 23:8
When Herod saw Jesus, he was greatly pleased. He had wanted to see Him for a long time, because he had heard about Him and was hoping to see Him perform a miracle.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:8 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:9
Herod questioned Jesus at great length, but He gave no answer.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:9 | Oration 38.16 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Luke 23:9 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:10
Meanwhile, the chief priests and scribes stood there, vehemently accusing Him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:10 | Commentary on John 28.113 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 23:10 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:11
And even Herod and his soldiers ridiculed and mocked Him. Dressing Him in a fine robe, they sent Him back to Pilate.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:11 | Dialogue with Trypho 103.4 · Justin Martyr | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Luke 23:11 | Against Noetus 18 · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 200–230 |
| Luke 23:11 | Long recension, Magnesians 11 · Anonymous | allusion, low confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| Luke 23:11 | Exposition of Psalm 118 3.8.4 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Luke 23:11 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 61.25.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Luke 23:11 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:12
That day Herod and Pilate became friends; before this time they had been enemies.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:12 | Commentary on Matthew 12.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Luke 23:12 | Catechetical Lecture 13.14 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Luke 23:12 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 61.25.2 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Luke 23:12 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.84 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Luke 23:12 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 23:12 | Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 21 · Rufinus of Aquileia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 404 |
Luke 23:13
Then Pilate called together the chief priests, the rulers, and the people,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:13 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:14
and said to them, “You brought me this man as one who was inciting the people to rebellion. I have examined Him here in your presence and found Him not guilty of your charges against Him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:14 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:15
Neither has Herod, for he sent Him back to us. As you can see, He has done nothing deserving of death.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:15 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:16
Therefore I will punish Him and release Him.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:16 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 23:16 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.45 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:18
But they all cried out in unison: “Away with this man! Release Barabbas to us!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:18–25 | Against Marcion 4.42 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Luke 23:18 | Commentary on Matthew 16.23 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Luke 23:18 | Church History 3.7.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| Luke 23:18 | Prophetic Extracts 1.15 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Luke 23:18 | Prophetic Extracts 3.34 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Luke 23:18 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 23:18 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.45 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:19
(Barabbas had been imprisoned for an insurrection in the city, and for murder.)
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:19 | Against Celsus 2.44 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Luke 23:19 | Against Celsus 8.42 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Luke 23:19 | On the Destruction of Jerusalem 5.2 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370 |
| Luke 23:19 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:20
Wanting to release Jesus, Pilate addressed them again,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:20 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 23:20 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.45 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:21
but they kept shouting, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!”
Luke 23:22
A third time he said to them, “What evil has this man done? I have found in Him no offense worthy of death. So after I punish Him, I will release Him.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:22 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 23:22 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.45 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:23
But they were insistent, demanding with loud voices for Jesus to be crucified. And their clamor prevailed.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:23 | Letters 24.8 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Luke 23:23 | Letters 50.5 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Luke 23:23 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 23:23 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.45 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:24
So Pilate sentenced that their demand be met.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:24 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:25
As they had requested, he released the one imprisoned for insurrection and murder, and he handed Jesus over to their will.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:25 | Against Celsus 8.42 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Luke 23:25 | On the Destruction of Jerusalem 5.2 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370 |
| Luke 23:25 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:26
As the soldiers led Him away, they seized Simon of Cyrene on his way in from the country, and they put the cross on him to carry behind Jesus.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:26 | Commentary on Matthew 12.24 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Luke 23:26 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.37 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:27
A great number of people followed Him, including women who kept mourning and wailing for Him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:27 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment X (on Gen 38:12) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Luke 23:27 | On Mount Sinai and Mount Zion 8 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Luke 23:27–28 | Moral Rules (Moralia) 67 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-370 |
| Luke 23:27 | On the Making of Man 25 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | 379 |
| Luke 23:27–28 | Homilies on Matthew 87.4 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
Luke 23:28
But Jesus turned to them and said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for Me, but weep for yourselves and for your children.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:28 | Tractates on the Psalms 119.8 · Hilary of Poitiers | echo, low confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Luke 23:28 | Homilies 5.6 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Luke 23:28 | Homilies 18.4 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Luke 23:28 | Exposition of Psalm 118 14.43.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Luke 23:28 | Homilies on Matthew 61.5 · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
Luke 23:29
Look, the days are coming when people will say, ‘Blessed are the barren women, the wombs that never bore, and breasts that never nursed!’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:29 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 43 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Luke 23:29 | On Virgins 1.6 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 377 |
| Luke 23:29 | On the Making of Man 25 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | 379 |
| Luke 23:29 | The Conferences 21.32 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Luke 23:30
At that time ‘they will say to the mountains, “Fall on us!” and to the hills, “Cover us!”’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:30 | Prayer 2 2 · Anonymous | quotation, medium confidence | uncertain |
| Luke 23:30 | On the Destruction of Jerusalem 5.53 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370 |
| Luke 23:30 | On the Complaints of Job and David 1.26 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
| Luke 23:30 | Against Five Heresies 7 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | echo, low confidence | ca. 437-450 |
Luke 23:31
For if men do these things while the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:31 | Tractates on the Psalms 1.14 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Luke 23:31 | Question 110, section 12 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Luke 23:31 | Letter 147.2 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Luke 23:31 | On Noah 53 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 378-384 |
Luke 23:32
Two others, who were criminals, were also led away to be executed with Jesus.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:32–33 | Against Marcion 4.42 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Luke 23:32–33 | Against Jovinianus 2.24 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
| Luke 23:32–43 | Book 5, lines 200–226 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Luke 23:32–43 | Book 5, section 18 · Sedulius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Luke 23:32–43 | Part 1, chapter 28 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Luke 23:33
When they came to the place called The Skull, they crucified Him there, along with the criminals, one on His right and the other on His left.
Luke 23:34
Then Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.” And they divided up His garments by casting lots.
Luke 23:35
The people stood watching, and the rulers sneered at Him, saying, “He saved others; let Him save Himself if He is the Christ of God, the Chosen One.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:35 | Demonstration of the Gospel 10.8.52 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Luke 23:35 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.39 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 23:35 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.52 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:36
The soldiers also mocked Him and came up to offer Him sour wine.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:36 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.54 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:37
“If You are the King of the Jews,” they said, “save Yourself!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:37 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.54 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:38
Above Him was posted an inscription: THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:38 | Prophetic Extracts 2.14 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
Luke 23:39
One of the criminals who hung there heaped abuse on Him. “Are You not the Christ?” he said. “Save Yourself and us!”
Luke 23:40
But the other one rebuked him, saying, “Do you not even fear God, since you are under the same judgment?
Luke 23:41
We are punished justly, for we are receiving what our actions deserve. But this man has done nothing wrong.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:41 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 133 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Luke 23:41 | Catechetical Lecture 13.3 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Luke 23:41 | Sermon 232.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 23:41 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.53 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:42
Then he said, “Jesus, remember me when You come into Your kingdom!”
Luke 23:43
And Jesus said to him, “Truly I tell you, today you will be with Me in Paradise.”
Luke 23:44
It was now about the sixth hour, and darkness came over all the land until the ninth hour.
Luke 23:45
The sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was torn down the middle.
Luke 23:46
Then Jesus called out in a loud voice, “Father, into Your hands I commit My Spirit.” And when He had said this, He breathed His last.
Luke 23:47
When the centurion saw what had happened, he gave glory to God, saying, “Surely this was a righteous man.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:47–48 | Gospel of Peter (Akhmim fragment) 28 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 100–200 |
| Luke 23:47 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 140 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Luke 23:47 | Homilies on Matthew 88.2 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Luke 23:47 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.57 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 23:47 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.58 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:48
And when all the people who had gathered for this spectacle saw what had happened, they returned home beating their breasts.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:48 | Gospel of Peter (Akhmim fragment) 25 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 100–200 |
| Luke 23:48 | On Mount Sinai and Mount Zion 8 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Luke 23:48 | Homilies on Matthew 88.2 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Luke 23:48 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.58 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:49
But all those who knew Jesus, including the women who had followed Him from Galilee, stood at a distance watching these things.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:49 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.58 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:50
Now there was a Council member named Joseph, a good and righteous man,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:50–51 | On the Shows 3 · Tertullian | allusion, low confidence | ca. 197–202 |
| Luke 23:50–53 | Against Marcion 4.42 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Luke 23:50–53 | Against Marcion 4.43 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Luke 23:50 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 142 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Luke 23:50 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 23:50 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.17 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 23:50 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 61.26.1 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Luke 23:50 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.59 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 23:50–53 | Part 3, chapter 27 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Luke 23:51
who had not consented to their decision or action. He was from the Judean town of Arimathea and was waiting for the kingdom of God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:51 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 142 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Luke 23:51 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.59 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:52
He went to Pilate to ask for the body of Jesus.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:52 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.59 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:53
Then he took it down, wrapped it in a linen cloth, and placed it in a tomb cut into the rock, where no one had yet been laid.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:53 | Against Celsus 2.69 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Luke 23:53 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 117 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Luke 23:53 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 1.142 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Luke 23:53 | Catechetical Lecture 13.33 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Luke 23:53 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 23:53 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.17 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 23:53 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 44.3.7 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 23:53 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.86.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Luke 23:53 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.60 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:54
It was Preparation Day, and the Sabbath was beginning.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:54 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.67 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:55
The women who had come with Jesus from Galilee followed, and they saw the tomb and how His body was placed.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:55 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 44.3.8 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 23:55 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.67 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 23:56
Then they returned to prepare spices and perfumes. And they rested on the Sabbath, according to the commandment.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:56 | Ep. Bas. 1 · Dionysius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 247-265 |
| Luke 23:56 | Oration I Against the Arians 47 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Luke 23:56 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 23:56 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.17 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 23:56 | The Harmony of the Gospels 3.67 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |